Abstract We systematically reviewed the peer-reviewed literature to determine a pooled estimate of the incidence of pseudotumor and acute lymphocytic vasculitis associated lesions (ALVAL) in adult ...patients with primary metal-on-metal (MoM) total hip arthroplasty or resurfacing. Fourteen eligible articles were identified, with a total of 13,898 MoM hips. The incidence of pseudotumor/ALVAL ranged from 0% to 6.5% of hips with a mean follow-up ranging from 1.7 to 12.3 years across the studies. The pooled estimated incidence of pseudotumor/ALVAL is 0.6% (95% CI: 0.3% to 1.2%). The rate of revision for any reason ranged from 0% to 14.3% of hips, with a pooled estimate of 3.9% (95% CI: 2.7% to 5.3%).
Halide perovskites have the potential to disrupt the photovoltaics market based on their high performance and low cost. However, the decomposition of perovskites under moisture, oxygen, and light ...raises concerns about service lifetime, especially because degradation mechanisms and the corresponding rate laws that fit the observed data have thus far eluded researchers. Here, we report a water-accelerated photooxidation mechanism dominating the degradation kinetics of archetypal perovskite CH3NH3PbI3 in air under >1% relative humidity at 25 °C. From this mechanism, we develop a kinetic model that quantitatively predicts the degradation rate as a function of temperature, ambient O2 and H2O levels, and illumination. Because water is a possible product of dry photooxidation, these results highlight the need for encapsulation schemes that rigorously block oxygen ingress, as product water may accumulate beneath the encapsulant and initiate the more rapid water-accelerated photooxidative decomposition.
Issue addressed: High levels of testing are crucial for minimising the spread of COVID-19. The aim of this study is to investigate what prevents people from getting a COVID-19 test when they are ...experiencing respiratory symptoms.
Methods: Semi-structured, qualitative interviews were conducted with 14 purposively sampled adults between 20 November 2020 and 3 March 2021 in two capital cities of Australia and analysed thematically. The analysis included people who reported having respiratory symptoms but who did not undergo a COVID-19 test.
Results: Participants appraised risks of having COVID-19, of infecting others or being infected whilst attending a testing site. They often weighed these appraisals against practical considerations of knowing where and how to get tested, inconvenience or financial loss.
Conclusions: Clear public health messages communicating the importance of testing, even when symptoms are minor, may improve testing rates. Increasing the accessibility of testing centres, such as having them at transport hubs is important, as is providing adequate information about testing locations and queue lengths.
So what?: The findings of our study suggest that more needs to be done to encourage people to get tested for COVID-19, especially when symptoms are minor. Clear communication about the importance of testing, along with easily accessible testing clinics, and financial support for those concerned about financial impacts may improve testing rates.
Comprehensive sexuality education (CSE), one of the key evidence-based strategies in our programmatic toolbox to address adolescent pregnancy and birth rates, remains a politically-charged issue ...countrywide. Though there is some funding available at the federal level, there are no national policies mandating the provision of sex education; as such, most decision-making occurs at the state or even the local level. Consequently, the provision of sex education and the quality and comprehensiveness of curricula used to do so are highly variable across the country, and are heavily influenced by the level of support or resistance in communities. This paper analyzes the experience of institutionalizing an evidence-based sex education in a large suburban school district in San Antonio, Texas, a socially conservative context. Understanding the politics of sex education is key to developing effective policies and strategies to ensure quality sex education programs are provided in public schools. However, there are no published papers documenting specific experiences with resistance to sex education in local communities in the USA. Given this, the strategies employed by opponents and the response by district officials can be informative for other school settings in the USA and around the world.
Abbreviations: AFLA: Adolescent Family Life Act; CHAMPSS: Choosing And Maintaining effective Programs for Sex education in Schools Model; CSE: Comprehensive sexuality education; DTL/RTL: Draw the Line/Respect the Line; HSAE: Human Sexuality and Abstinence Education, the middle school sex education curriculum in NEISD prior to 2008; NEISD: North East Independent School District; SAFA: San Antonio Family Association; SHAC: School health advisory council; STI: Sexually transmitted infection; TEC: Texas Education Code; TPIA: Texas Public Information Act; USA: United States of America; UTHSC: University of Texas Health Science Center
New treatment strategies for acute ischemic stroke must be evaluated in the context of effective reperfusion. Minocycline is a neuroprotective agent that inhibits proteolytic enzymes and therefore ...could potentially both inactivate the clot lysis effect and decrease the damaging effects of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA). This study aimed to determine the effect of minocycline on t-PA clot lysis and t-PA-induced hemorrhage formation after ischemia.
Fibrinolytic and amidolytic activities of t-PA were investigated in vitro over a range of clinically relevant minocycline concentrations. A suture occlusion model of 3-hour temporary cerebral ischemia in rats treated with t-PA and 2 different minocycline regimens was used. Blood-brain barrier basal lamina components, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), hemorrhage formation, infarct size, edema, and behavior outcome were assessed.
Minocycline did not affect t-PA fibrinolysis. However, minocycline treatment at 3 mg/kg IV decreased total protein expression of both MMP-2 (P=0.0034) and MMP-9 (P=0.001 for 92 kDa and P=0.0084 for 87 kDa). It also decreased the incidence of hemorrhage (P=0.019), improved neurologic outcome (P=0.0001 for Bederson score and P=0.0391 for paw grasp test), and appeared to decrease mortality. MMP inhibition was associated with decreased degradation in collagen IV and laminin-alpha1 (P=0.0001).
Combination treatment with minocycline is beneficial in t-PA-treated animals and does not compromise clot lysis. These results also suggest that neurovascular protection by minocycline after stroke may involve direct protection of the blood-brain barrier during thrombolysis with t-PA.
For decades, sexuality education policies and practices in the U.S. have been a mixture of science, morality, politics, and the personal opinions of key decision makers. Far too often, science has ...fared dismally when policy, practice, and curriculum decisions were made in state legislatures and local school board meetings. The new research focusing on the meta-analyses of group-based comprehensive risk reduction and abstinence education interventions is one additional tool in the toolkit of those who want to use science, not ideology, to address the sexual risk-taking of America's youth. Copyright American Journal of Preventive Medicine; published by Elsevier Inc.
Halide perovskites are promising photovoltaic (PV) materials with the potential to lower the cost of electricity and greatly expand the penetration of PV if they can demonstrate long-term stability ...under illumination in the presence of moisture and oxygen. The solar cell service lifetime, as quantified by T80 (the time required for the power conversion efficiency to drop to 80% of its starting value), for utility, commercial, or residential PV systems needs to be several decades in order to yield low-cost electricity, and thus it is not practical to directly measure it. It would be useful if T80 could be predicted from the initial dynamics of a solar cell's performance, but until now no models have been developed to do so. In this work, we report the development of machine learning models to predict T80 of ITO/NiOx/CH3NH3PbI3/C60/BCP/Ag solar cells operating at maximum power point under 1-sun equivalent photon flux in air at varying temperatures and relative humidities. Efficiency losses are driven by short-circuit current and fill factor, indicating that photochemical reactions with O2 and H2O are a major contributor to degradation. Spatial patterns evident from in situ dark field optical microscopy also suggest that the electric field gradient at device edges plays a significant role in perovskite decomposition. Models are trained using a menu of features from three distinct categories: (i) measurements of the initial rates of change of device parameters, (ii) ambient conditions during operation (temperature & partial pressure of H2O), and (iii) features based on underlying physics and chemistry. We show that a theory-based physiochemical feature derived from a model of the chemical reaction kinetics of the rate of degradation of CH3NH3PbI3 is particularly valuable for prediction and was selected as the most dominant feature in the best performing models. With a dataset consisting of 45 degradation experiments with T80 values ranging over a factor of almost 30, the model predicts T80 with an average accuracy of about 40% on samples not used in training. This hybrid ML approach should be effective when applied to other compositions, device architectures, and advanced packaging schemes.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND
Violent behaviors have devastating impacts on youth and adolescents. National standards offer a framework for age and developmentally appropriate health education expectations. ...This study provides findings from a systematic review and analysis of teen dating violence (TDV) prevention curricula using National Sexuality Education Standards (NSES) and National Health Education Standards (NHES).
METHODS
Evidence‐based and/or practice informed interventions for TDV prevention were compiled and analyzed. We used a standardized review instrument to analyze each curriculum (N = 11); each curriculum was reviewed independently and results met inter‐rater agreement requirements. Data were analyzed to determine NSES and NHES inclusion.
RESULTS
This study provides findings from the TDV prevention curriculum analysis using the NSES. Five NSES topic areas were addressed in the TDV prevention curriculum and included personal safety, healthy relationships, identity, sexually transmitted diseases and human immunodeficieny virus, and pregnancy and reproduction. Personal safety was the most included topic and ranged from 37% to 77%. Healthy relationships were the second most included NSES and ranged from 11% to 53%. Inclusions of NHES skills, as they are embedded within the NSES, are identified.
CONCLUSIONS
Curricula decision‐makers gain insight by conducting reviews before recommendations are made or the adoption process is complete. The NSES and NHES support expectations for TDV prevention and can guide curricula adoption for a school or district. School professionals should work together to ensure TDV prevention curricula complements sexuality education units. While TDV curricula may cover critical topics, a singular focus on one content area cannot replace comprehensive sexuality education.
Objective: The purpose of this exploratory study was to examine cultural factors that influence Hispanic male college students' intention to communicate with partners about contraception use. ...Participants: A sample of 239 self-identified Hispanic participants enrolled in at least 1 college course participated in this study in the spring 2014 semester. Methods: Students completed a 47-item paper survey. Data were analyzed with multiple regression and descriptive methods. Results: Participants with more siblings were more likely to intend to communicate with partners about contraception use than those with fewer siblings. Participants who received contraceptive information exclusively from fathers exhibited a more favorable attitude toward partner communication. Mother's education level was positively correlated with participants' contraceptive knowledge. Conclusions: These results emphasize the importance of support from family members to this sample's intentions to communicate with partners about contraceptive use. Parental involvement and male responsibility, in regards to contraceptive use, should be integrated into Hispanic-focused sexual health improvement efforts.
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