Gut-microbiota dysbiosis links to allergic diseases. The mechanism of the exacerbation of food allergy caused by gut-microbiota dysbiosis remains unknown. Regulation of retinoic acid receptor alpha ...(RARα) signaling is critical for gut immune homeostasis. Here we clarified that RARα in dendritic cells (DCs) promotes Th2 cell differentiation. Antibiotics treatment stimulates retinoic acid signaling in mucosal DCs. We found microbiota metabolites short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) maintain IGF-1 levels in serum and mesenteric lymph nodes. The IGF-1/Akt pathway is essential for regulating the transcription of genes targeted by RARα. And RARα in DCs affects type I interferon (IFN-I) responses through regulating transcription of IFN-α. Our study identifies SCFAs crosstalk with RARα in dendritic cells as a critical modulator that plays a core role in promoting Th2 cells differentiation at a state of modified/disturbed microbiome.
IgE and IgG1 production in the type 2 immune response is the characteristic feature of an allergic reaction. However, whether bacterial molecules modulate IgE and IgG1 production remains obscure. ...Here, we demonstrate that the bacterial quorum sensing molecules acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs) induce IgE and IgG1 production by activating the RARE (retinoic acid response element) response in dendritic cells (DCs) in vivo. DC-specific knockout of the retinoic acid transcriptional factor Rara diminished the AHL-stimulated type 2 immune response in vitro. AHLs altered DC phenotype, upregulated OX40L and IFN-I signature, and promoted T helper 2 cell differentiation in vitro. Finally, AHLs activated the RARE response by inhibiting AKT phosphorylation in vitro, as the AKT agonists IGF-1 and PDGF abolished the effect of AHLs on the RARE response. This study demonstrates a mechanism by which AHLs drive allergic airway inflammation through activating retinoic acid signaling in DCs.
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•Acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs) exacerbate allergic airway inflammation•AHLs induce IgE and IgG1 production•AHLs activate the RARE response in dendritic cells•AHLs inhibit AKT phosphorylation
Biological Sciences; Immunology; Immune Response
Background
Alteration of commensal microbiota is highly correlated with the prevalence of allergic reactions to food in the gastrointestinal tract. The mechanisms by which microbiota modulate food ...allergen sensitization in the mucosal site are not fully understood.
Methods
We generate DCs specific knockout of retinoic acid receptor α (Rara) gene mice (DC KO Rara) to evaluate food sensitization. The bile acid‐activated retinoic acid response was evaluated by flow cytometry, real‐time RT‐PCR and Illumina transcriptome sequencing. The global effect of Abx treatment on BA profiles in the mucosal lymph tissue mLN in mice was examined by UPLC‐MS analysis.
Results
In this study, we demonstrate that depletion of commensal gut bacteria leads to enhanced retinoic acid (RA) signaling in mucosal dendritic cells (DCs). RA signaling in DCs is required for the production of food allergen‐specific IgE and IgG1. Antibiotics induced an enlarged bile acid (BA) pool, and dysregulated BA profiles contributed to enhanced RA signaling in mucosal DCs. BA‐activated RA signaling promoted DC upregulation of interferon I signature, RA signature, OX40L, and PDL2, which may lead to T helper 2 differentiation of CD4+ T cells. BA‐activated RA signaling involved the farnesoid X receptor and RA receptor α (RARa) interaction. Depletion of bile acid reduces food allergen specific IgE and IgG1 levels in mice.
Conclusion
Our research unveils a mechanism of food sensitization modulated by BA‐RA signaling in DCs, which suggests a potential new approach for the intervention of food allergic reactions.
Dysbiosis leads to enhanced retinoic acid (RA) signaling in mucosal dendritic cells (DCs) and induce food allergens sensitization.
Antibiotic‐induced dysregulated bile acid profiles contribute to enhanced RA signaling in mucosal DCs.
Retinoic acid receptor alpha act as a “rheostat” and modulate food sensitization in mucosal dendritic cells.
Abbreviations: DCs, dendritic cells; FXR, farnesoid X receptor; RA, retinoic acid; RARA, retinoic acid receptor alpha; TβMCA, tauro‐beta‐muricholic acid; TUDCA, tauroursodeoxycholic acid
Vagus nerve regulates viral infection and inflammation via the alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChR); however, the role of α7 nAChR in ZIKA virus (ZIKV) infection, which can cause ...severe neurological diseases such as microcephaly and Guillain-Barré syndrome, remains unknown. Here, we first examined the role of α7 nAChR in ZIKV infection in vitro. A broad effect of α7 nAChR activation was identified in limiting ZIKV infection in multiple cell lines. Combined with transcriptomics analysis, we further demonstrated that α7 nAChR activation promoted autophagy and ferroptosis pathways to limit cellular ZIKV viral loads. Additionally, activation of α7 nAChR prevented ZIKV-induced p62 nucleus accumulation, which mediated an enhanced autophagy pathway. By regulating proteasome complex and an E3 ligase NEDD4, activation of α7 nAChR resulted in increased amount of cellular p62, which further enhanced the ferroptosis pathway to reduce ZIKV infection. Moreover, utilizing in vivo neonatal mouse models, we showed that α7 nAChR is essential in controlling the disease severity of ZIKV infection. Taken together, our findings identify an α7 nAChR-mediated effect that critically contributes to limiting ZIKV infection, and α7 nAChR activation offers a novel strategy for combating ZIKV infection and its complications.
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Su and colleagues find that activation of α7 nAChR significantly limits ZIKV infection by enhancing autophagy and ferroptosis. Moreover, α7 nAChR is essential to control ZIKV-induced disease severity in neonatal mice. Harnessing α7 nAChR activation holds promising potential as a novel strategy to combat ZIKV infection and its associated complications.
Purpose
From a supply chain perspective, logistics firms collaborate with other supply chain members to extend their business scope. Investment in circular economy projects in the supply chain can ...not only broaden the scope of business but also increase the value of the entire supply chain. Third-party logistics companies are gradually participating in the construction and operation of many circular economy projects. How to coordinate multiple circular economy supply chain projects is at the core of its operation.
Design/methodology/approach
This paper first analyzes some typical supply chain projects in China and summarizes the main features of these projects. Secondly, considering the benefits of the project and the stakes of each project, a multi-stage stochastic programming model is established. Finally, Cplex, nested decomposition, LocalSolver and other methods are adopted to simulate and analyze the model.
Findings
The final experimental results find that the importance of coordinating multiple circular economy supply chain projects to increase the value of the entire supply chain. The multi-stage stochastic programming model presented in this research can provide a useful tool for logistics enterprises and third-party logistics companies to optimize their investment decisions and maximize their profits in the context of a circular economy.
Research limitations/implications
There are still some limitations to this study; for example, it is limited to the analysis of circular economy supply chain projects in China. The study focused on third-party logistics companies, and other enterprises in the circular economy supply chain were not considered. The research also assumed that the benefits of each circular economy project and the stakes of each project were known, which may not always be the case in real-world scenarios.
Originality/value
This manuscript found that investing in other circular economy projects in the supply chain can broaden the scope of business and increase the value of the entire supply chain. Third-party logistics companies are gradually participating in the construction and operation of many circular economy projects, such as recycling and repurposing initiatives. It highlights the importance of coordinating multiple circular economy supply chain projects to increase the value of the entire supply chain. The multi-stage stochastic programming model presented in this research can provide a useful tool for logistics enterprises and third-party logistics companies to optimize their investment decisions and maximize their profits in the context of a circular economy.
Blockchain technology is a database that is operated by multiple parts and forms a chain structure through hash index. The blockchain uses multiple nodes and distributes multiple accesses to data, ...thereby reducing the dependence on the central Internet server and avoiding the possibility of damage to the central server point due to data and data loss. Encryption technology is used to ensure its integrity and ensure that the data files stored in the blockchain are not tampered with or deleted maliciously. Blockchain technology has inherent advantages in supply chain finance with its technical attributes such as nontampering, distributed ledger, and traceability and has great potential to build trust to solve the main problems of supply chain finance, which is conducive to promoting financial development in the Beibu Gulf region. This article mainly introduces the application research of blockchain technology in supply chain finance in the Beibu Gulf region and intends to provide some ideas for the development of supply chain finance in the Beibu Gulf region combined with blockchain technology. This article proposes the application research methods of blockchain technology in supply chain finance in the Beibu Gulf region, including blockchain technology, supply chain financial risk evaluation on the blockchain, and supply chain finance game for relevant experiments. The experimental results of this article show that the average processing time of the algorithm of the designed blockchain supply chain financial system is 4.10 seconds, the algorithm processing efficiency is faster, and the relevant risks can be better assessed.
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•A novel flow-anode, CeOx/CB, was introduced in electro-oxidation.•Ce(IV)/Ce(III) redox cycle accelerated the electron transfer directionally.•The loading of CeOx actuated efficient ...•OH generation.•Acetaminophen degradation rate was 2.3–2.9 times higher than the control.•CeOx/CB achieved high current efficiency and low energy consumption.
Electrochemically active materials can effectively alleviate mass transfer restriction by adding them as flow-anodes into the electrochemical reactor. However, conventional flow-anode materials display a low •OH yield. Here, a novel flow-anode, CeOx/carbon black (CB), demonstrates superior electrocatalytic degradation efficiency of organic pollutants. The acetaminophen degradation kinetic constant of CeOx/CB was calculated to be 2.3–2.9 times higher than that of CB. CeOx/CB achieved a higher current efficiency of 66.4 % and relatively lower energy consumption of 157.8 kWh/kg COD compared with other GAC or γ-Al2O3-based flow-anodes. The mechanistic analyses demonstrated that rapid electron transfer, strong water adsorption, and low reaction energy barrier of CeOx/CB actuated efficient •OH generation. Moreover, Ce(IV)/Ce(III) redox cycle crucially acted as an “electron porter” to accelerate the electron transfer from adsorbed H2O molecules to CB substrate directionally in the electro-oxidation process. This work provides a feasible manner for the development of flow-anodes utilizing the advantage of the Ce(IV)/Ce(III) redox cycle.
•Novel carbon-supported SnOx-CeOx flow-anodes were introduced in electro-oxidation.•SnOx-CeOx/CB outperformed SnOx-CeOx/GAC and SnOx-CeOx/MWCNTs.•Ce species accelerated the electron transfer from Sn ...to CB substrate directionally.•The loading of SnOx-CeOx triggered effective ·OH production.•Higher current efficiency and lower energy consumption were achieved.
Exploiting electrochemically active materials as flow-anodes can effectively alleviate mass transfer restriction in an electro-oxidation system. However, the electrocatalytic activity and persistence of the conventional flow-anode materials are insufficient, resulting in limited improvement in the electro-oxidation rate and efficiency. Herein, we reported a rational strategy to substantially enhance the electrocatalytic performance of flow-anodes in electro-oxidation by introducing the redox cycle of high-valent metal in a suitable carbon substrate. The characterization suggested that the SnOx-CeOx/carbon black (CB) featured well-distributed morphology, rapid charge transfer, high oxygen evolution potential, and strong water adsorption, and stood out among three kinds of SnOx-CeOx loaded carbon materials. Mechanistic analysis indicated that the redox cycle of Ce species played a key role in accelerating the electron transfer from SnOx to CB directionally and could continuously create the electron-deficient state of the SnOx, thereby sustainably triggering the generation of ·OH. All these features enabled the resulting SnOx-CeOx/CB flow-anode to accomplish a calculated maximum kinetic constant of 0.02461 1/min, a higher current efficiency of 47.1%, and a lower energy consumption of 21.3 kWh/kg COD compared with other conventional flow-anodes reported to date. Additionally, SnOx-CeOx/CB exhibited excellent stability with extremely low leaching concentrations of Sn and Ce ions. This study provides a feasible manner for efficient water decontamination using the electro-oxidation system with SnOx-CeOx/CB.
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Pillar4arene1quinone derivatives (PQ X s) were synthesized by the oxidation of pillar5arenes, which exhibited notable charge transfer (CT) transitions at approximately 485 nm. Successful chiral ...resolution of two pairs of enantiomeric conformers was achieved. Despite reduced binding affinity, PQ X s demonstrated slower racemization kinetics. Visible-light chiroptical induction with a significant dissymmetry factor was attained by complexing PQ X s with a chiral guest. The induced enantiomeric excess could be maintained through competitive binding with an achiral guest, offering a promising strategy for chiral sensing and memory.
Dynamic rheology and steady shear viscosity of an aqueous salt solution of 2 wt% viscoelastic gemini surfactant 1,2-
N,N
′-
bis
(dimethyloctadecyl) ethene ammonium bromide and its mixture with low ...molecular weight hydrophobically modified polyacrylamide (HMPAM) were investigated. The solution of surfactant in the presence of potassium chloride exhibited typical Maxwellian fluid behavior with a single stress relaxation time, indicating the formation of transient networks of entangled wormlike micelles (WLMs). Polymer profoundly affected the rheological properties of WLMs. The WLMs/HMPAM system demonstrated higher plateau modulus and zero-shear viscosity than the single WLMs system by self-assembling into common networks which was identified by scanning electron microscopy morphology. In contrast to the WLMs system, the WLMs/HMPAM system exhibited better temperature and shear resistance while retaining complete responsiveness to hydrocarbons. Based on the fracturing fluid application evaluation, the WLMs/HMPAM system had an applicable temperature, which was 30 °C higher than the WLMs system, and the core damage rate showed that the WLMs/HMPAM system was very promising in clean fracturing fluid application.
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