China is one of the countries with the highest incidence of gastric cancer. There are differences in epidemiological characteristics, clinicopathological features, tumor biological characteristics, ...treatment patterns, and drug selection between gastric cancer patients from the Eastern and Western countries. Non‐Chinese guidelines cannot specifically reflect the diagnosis and treatment characteristics for the Chinese gastric cancer patients. The Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology (CSCO) arranged for a panel of senior experts specializing in all sub‐specialties of gastric cancer to compile, discuss, and revise the guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer based on the findings of evidence‐based medicine in China and abroad. By referring to the opinions of industry experts, taking into account of regional differences, giving full consideration to the accessibility of diagnosis and treatment resources, these experts have conducted experts’ consensus judgement on relevant evidence and made various grades of recommendations for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer to reflect the value of cancer treatment and meeting health economic indexes. This guideline uses tables and is complemented by explanatory and descriptive notes covering the diagnosis, comprehensive treatment, and follow‐up visits for gastric cancer.
Grain weight (GW) is one of the component traits of wheat yield. Existing reports have shown that multiple phytohormones are involved in the regulation of GW in different crops. However, the ...potential role of jasmonic acid (JA) remains unclear. Here, we report that triticale grain weight 1 (tgw1) mutant, with marked reductions in both GW and JA content, is caused by a premature stop mutation in keto-acyl thiolase 2B (KAT-2B) involved in β-oxidation during JA synthesis. KAT-2B overexpression increases GW in wild type and boosts yield. Additionally, KAT-2B compliments the grain defect in tgw1 and rescues the lethal phenotype of the Arabidopsis kat2 mutant in a sucrose-free medium. Despite the suppression of JA synthesis in tgw1 mutant, ABA synthesis is upregulated, which is accompanied by enhanced expression of SAG3 and reduction of chlorophyll content in leaves. Together, these results demonstrate a role of the JA synthetic gene KAT-2B in controlling GW and its potential application value for wheat improvement.
Abstract
Construction of heterojunctions to photocatalysts is one of the most promising approaches to improve charge separation efficiency; however, the established constructing processes usually ...require high‐temperature conditions and/or the adding of highly concentrated or expensive exotic species, and the improvement of effective contact and charge exchange between heterojunction components remains a problem. This work proposes an unprecedented “photobreeding” method and realizes the direct growth of Zn nanowires and Mott–Schottky heterojunctions from ZnS or viologen‐coated ZnS microspheres through a photochemical reaction at room temperature without external species, while demonstrating the hypothesis proposed 140 years ago on the formation of Zn in the photochromic process of ZnS. After photobreeding of the heterojunctions, the hydrogen production efficiency of the photocatalysts increases by 2 orders of magnitude. This inexpensive, facile and efficient synthetic method will find applications in H
2
production, organic synthesis, CO
2
reduction, nitrogen fixation, and so on.
The human body is a "delicate machine" full of sensors such as the fingers, nose, and mouth. In addition, numerous physiological signals are being created every moment, which can reflect the ...condition of the body. The quality and the quantity of the physiological signals are important for diagnoses and the execution of therapies. Due to the incompact interface between the sensors and the skin, the signals obtained by commercial rigid sensors do not bond well with the body; this decreases the quality of the signal. To increase the quantity of the data, it is important to detect physiological signals in real time during daily life. In recent years, there has been an obvious trend of applying graphene devices with excellent performance (flexibility, biocompatibility, and electronic characters) in wearable systems. In this review, we will first provide an introduction about the different methods of synthesis of graphene, and then techniques for graphene patterning will be outlined. Moreover, wearable graphene sensors to detect mechanical, electrophysiological, fluid, and gas signals will be introduced. Finally, the challenges and prospects of wearable graphene devices will be discussed. Wearable graphene sensors can improve the quality and quantity of the physiological signals and have great potential for health-care and telemedicine in the future.
Based on the good characteristics of graphene, many physiological signals can be detected by graphene sensors covering the human body. Graphene wearable sensors have great potential in healthcare and telemedicine.
Background
Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has emerged as a noninvasive biomarker for dynamically monitoring tumors. However, published data on perioperative ctDNA in patients with operable non–small ...cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are currently limited.
Methods
This prospective study recruited 123 patients with resectable stage I to IIIA NSCLC. Preoperative and postoperative plasma samples and tumor tissue samples were subjected to next‐generation sequencing with a panel of 425 cancer‐related genes. Peripheral blood samples were collected before surgery, postoperatively within 1 month, and every 3 to 6 months for up to 3 years.
Results
After 4 exclusions, 119 eligible patients were enrolled from June 2016 to February 2019. Presurgical ctDNA was detectable in 29 of 117 patients (24.8%) and was associated with inferior recurrence‐free survival (RFS; hazard ratio HR, 2.42; 95% CI, 1.11‐5.27; P = .022) and inferior overall survival (OS; HR, 5.54; 95% CI, 1.01‐30.35; P = .026). Similarly, ctDNA was detected in 12 of 116 first postsurgical samples (10.3%) and was associated with shorter RFS (HR, 3.04; 95% CI, 1.22‐7.58; P = .012). During surveillance after surgery, longitudinal ctDNA–positive patients (37 of 119; 31.1%) had significantly shorter RFS (HR, 3.46; 95% CI, 1.59‐7.55; P < .001) and significantly shorter OS (HR, 9.99; 95% CI, 1.17‐85.78; P = .010) in comparison with longitudinal ctDNA–negative patients. Serial ctDNA detection preceded radiologic disease recurrence by a median lead time of 8.71 months.
Conclusions
These results suggest that perioperative ctDNA analyses can predict recurrence and survival, and serial ctDNA analyses can identify disease recurrence/metastasis earlier than routine radiologic imaging in patients with resectable NSCLC.
Lay Summary
The utility of serial circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) monitoring for predicting disease recurrence and survival for early‐stage non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has not been well characterized.
The detection of ctDNA before and after surgery is associated with the identification of a high risk of disease recurrence and long‐term patient outcomes for resectable NSCLC.
Perioperative ctDNA analyses identify disease recurrence earlier than routine radiologic imaging. ctDNA analyses can detect minimal residual disease for resectable NSCLC and thus can facilitate early intervention.
Perioperative circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) analyses identify disease recurrence earlier than routine radiologic imaging. ctDNA analyses can detect minimal residual disease for resectable non–small cell lung cancer and thus can facilitate early intervention.
Background/Aims
Traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) are considered to be a public dental health problem worldwide. The aim of the current study was to provide the worldwide tendency and perspectives in ...TDIs in the last two decades via bibliometric analysis.
Methods
‘‘Tooth injuries’’ was searched as the Medical Subject Headings term within PubMed with the date range from 1999 to 2018. Two investigators perused information in the articles according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The articles were independently categorized according to the following aspects: (a) annual scholarly output; (b) leading countries or regions; (c) leading journals; (d) productive authors; (e) citations; (f) study design; (f) distribution of topics; and (g) the type of dentition and TDIs. VOSviewer 1.6.7 and Citespace 5.2 were used for analyzing and visualizing bibliometric networks.
Results
A total of 2627 articles about traumatic dental injuries were published and indexed in PubMed during the two decades, and the number of publications on traumatic dental injuries was rising in general. The research outputs were mainly concentrated in developed countries and affiliated hospitals of universities. Brazil was the most productive country. The journal Dental Traumatology had the most contributions to the scientific research of traumatic dental injuries. “Case report” was the most frequent type of article (36.50%), followed by cross‐sectional studies (19.57%) and case‐control studies (13.67%). Most studies focused on the treatment of TDIs (38.94%), especially for avulsion (21.01%), crown fracture (9.71%), and intrusion (5.25%). Permanent teeth (66%) were the dominant dentition.
Conclusion
There is a lack of high‐quality well‐designed studies such as cohort studies. The number of publications on prevention and the primary dentition is disproportionate in relation to their significance.
A new natural zircon reference material SA01 is introduced for U‐Pb geochronology as well as O and Hf isotope geochemistry by microbeam techniques. The zircon megacryst is homogeneous with respect to ...U‐Pb, O and Hf isotopes based on a large number of measurements by laser ablation‐inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS) and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). Chemical abrasion isotope dilution thermal ionisation mass spectrometry (CA‐ID‐TIMS) U‐Pb isotopic analyses produced a mean 206Pb/238U age of 535.08 ± 0.32 Ma (2s, n = 10). Results of SIMS and LA‐ICP‐MS analyses on individual shards are consistent with the TIMS ages within uncertainty. The δ18O value determined by laser fluorination is 6.16 ± 0.26‰ (2s, n = 14), and the mean 176Hf/177Hf ratio determined by solution MC‐ICP‐MS is 0.282293 ± 0.000007 (2s, n = 30), which are in good agreement with the statistical mean of microbeam analyses. The megacryst is characterised by significant localised variations in Th/U ratio (0.328–4.269) and Li isotopic ratio (−5.5 to +7.9‰); the latter makes it unsuitable as a lithium isotope reference material.
Keypoints
The homogeneity of the SA01 zircon megacryst was assessed by microbeam techniques for U‐Pb geochronology, and Li, O and Hf isotope geochemistry.
SA01 is homogeneous in terms of U‐Pb, O and Hf isotopes.
SA01 is unsuitable as a lithium isotope reference material.
Induction of the transcription factor Irf8 in the common dendritic cell progenitor (CDP) is required for classical type 1 dendritic cell (cDC1) fate specification, but the mechanisms controlling this ...induction are unclear. In the present study Irf8 enhancers were identified via chromatin profiling of dendritic cells and CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing was used to assess their roles in Irf8 regulation. An enhancer 32 kilobases (kb) downstream of the Irf8 transcriptional start site (+32-kb Irf8) that was active in mature cDC1s was required for the development of this lineage, but not for its specification. Instead, a +41-kb Irf8 enhancer, previously thought to be active only in plasmacytoid dendritic cells, was found to also be transiently accessible in cDC1 progenitors, and deleting this enhancer prevented the induction of Irf8 in CDPs and abolished cDC1 specification. Thus, cryptic activation of the +41-kb Irf8 enhancer in dendritic cell progenitors is responsible for cDC1 fate specification.
As a common malignant tumor among women, ovarian cancer poses a serious threat to their health. This study demonstrates that long non-coding RNA NRSN2-AS1 is over-expressed in ovarian cancer tissues ...using patient sample and tissue microarrays. In addition, NRSN2-AS1 is shown to promote ovarian cancer cell proliferation and metastasis both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, NRSN2-AS1 stabilizes protein tyrosine kinase 2 (PTK2) to activate the β-catenin pathway via repressing MG-53-mediated ubiquitinated degradation of PTK2, thereby facilitating ovarian cancer progression. Rescue experiments verify the function of the NRSN2-AS1/PTK2/β-catenin axis and the effects of MG53 on this axis in ovarian cancer cells. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the key role of the NRSN2-AS1/PTK2/β-catenin axis for the first time and explores its potential clinical applications in ovarian cancer.
Abstract In order to investigate the adsorption process of malachite green (MG) on gold nanoparticles, a simple gold nanoparticles‐assembled film was prepared as a substrate of surface‐enhanced Raman ...spectroscopy (SERS), and it was soaked in MG solutions of different concentrations. The kinetic adsorption process was investigated by SERS method and density functional theoretical calculations. When saturated adsorption was achieved, the relationship between the characteristic SERS band signal intensity and the logarithm of solution concentration of MG was consistent with Temkin adsorption isotherm model, where the R 2 value was greater than 0.995, and the linear range was 1 × 10 −3 –1 × 10 −7 M. Finally, a SERS quantitative analysis model of the relationship between the adsorption properties of surface species and the bulk concentration was established. According to the electrostatic interaction and co‐adsorption, we proposed the surface adsorption configurations and adsorption process of MG on the nanostructured gold films.
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