The impact behavior of Fe-based amorphous coatings with various thicknesses fabricated by high-velocity-air-fuel thermal spraying was systematically investigated via 3D X-ray tomography. The results ...showed that the impact damage occurred principally by cracking in the coating, plastic deformation in the substrate, and delamination at the coating/substrate interface. It was found that the size of the interfacial delamination was a nonlinear function of the normalized coating thickness tc/a (i.e. the ratio of coating thickness (tc) to the contact radius (a)). Three thickness regions of distinctive damage modes were identified: thin coating region (tc/a ≤ 0.33), intermediate-thickness region (0.33 < tc/a ≤ 0.54), and thick coating region (tc/a > 0.54). For tc/a ≤ 0.33, no delamination appeared in the coating/substrate interface. With an increase from tc/a = 0.33 to tc/a = 0.54, the extent of interfacial delamination increased quickly and reached a maximum. Finally, when tc/a > 0.54, the extent of delamination decreased when tc/a increased. In addition, it was indicated that the residual stress was found to decrease with the coating thickness, reflecting that the residual stress was excluded as a predominant factor of impact damage. Furthermore, a good agreement with the Hertz impact theory and finite element modeling was identified in the case of interfacial damage: significant delamination was observed in the 600 μm coating when the maximum shear stress occurred close to the coating/substrate interface. This finding can be used to assist the design of coated components in load-bearing applications.
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•The impact behavior of HVAF-sprayed Fe-based amorphous coatings with various thicknesses was investigated via 3D-XRT.•The impact damage occurred by cracking in the coating, plastic deformation in the substrate and interfacial delamination.•For 200–400 μm coatings, when tc/a ≤ 0.33, the influence of the substrate on the impact behavior cannot be ignored.•Significant delamination was observed in the 600 μm coating when τmaxoccurred close to the coating/substrate interface.
Rich non-linear phenomena, such as Neimark-Sacker bifurcation and chaos and so on, are proven to exist and cause instability in one-cycle controlled (OCC) buck-boost converters. This paper presents a ...composite function embedded method based one-cycle control (CFOCC) to resolve such problems. By modifying the conventional OCC through embedding a composite function, the non-linear stability performances of the system are considerably improved to avoid bifurcation phenomena and the stable region is enlarged. Further, various commonly used functions, such as the logarithmic function, the arc-tangent function, etc., can be used as the embedded composite functions. The effectiveness of the proposed control method is verified by simulation and experiment.
To evaluate existing evidence of prospective cohort studies on associations between insomnia and multiple health outcomes.
An umbrella review of meta-analyses of prospective cohort studies.
A ...systematic search was undertaken in Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science from inception to October 2021 to find meta-analyses of prospective cohort studies investigating the association of insomnia with any health outcome. The summary relative risk (SRR) for each meta-analysis was recalculated with random-effects model. The methodological quality and the quality of evidence were assessed by the A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews and Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation, respectively.
A total of 25 published meta-analyses of prospective cohort studies, reporting 63 SRRs for 29 unique outcomes were included. Insomnia was mainly related to cardiovascular outcomes and mental disorders. The former comprised atrial fibrillation (SRR: 1.30, 95% confidence interval: 1.26 to 1.35), cardiovascular diseases (1.45, 1.29 to 1.64), coronary heart disease (1.28, 1.10 to 1.50), myocardial infarction (1.42, 1.17 to 1.72), and stroke (1.55, 1.39 to 1.72). The latter involved alcohol abuse (1.35, 1.08 to 1.67), all mental disorders (2.16, 1.70 to 3.97), anxiety (3.23, 1.52 to 6.85), depression (2.31, 1.90 to 2.81), suicidal ideation (2.26, 1.79 to 2.86), suicidal attempt (1.99, 1.31 to 3.02), and suicidal death (1.72, 1.42 to 2.08). Besides, insomnia enhanced the risk of Alzheimer's disease (1.51, 1.06 to 2.14) and hyperlipidemia (1.64, 1.53 to 1.76).
Insomnia exhibits considerable adverse outcomes, primarily comprises cardiovascular outcomes and mental disorders, but further studies with robustly designed trials are needed to draw firmer conclusions.
Many remarkable properties of graphene are derived from its large energy window for Dirac-like electronic states and have been explored for applications in electronics and photonics. In addition, ...strong electron-phonon interaction in graphene has led to efficient photo-thermo energy conversions, which has been harnessed for energy applications. By combining the wavelength independent absorption property and the efficient photo-thermo energy conversion, here we report a new type of applications in sound wave generation underlined by a photo-thermo-acoustic energy conversion mechanism. Most significantly, by utilizing ultrafast optical pulses, we demonstrate the ability to control the phase of sound waves generated by the photo-thermal-acoustic process. Our finding paves the way for new types of applications for graphene, such as remote non-contact speakers, optical-switching acoustic devices, etc.
Seeking nuclear materials that possess a high resistance to particle irradiation damage is a long-standing issue. Permanent defects, induced by irradiation, are primary structural changes, the ...accumulation of which will lead to structural damage and performance degradation in crystalline materials served in nuclear plants. In this work, structural responses of neutron irradiation in metallic glasses (MGs) have been investigated by making a series of experimental measurements, coupled with simulations in ZrCu amorphous alloys. It is found that, compared with crystalline alloys, MGs have some specific structural responses to neutron irradiation. Although neutron irradiation can induce transient vacancy-like defects in MGs, they are fully annihilated after structural relaxation by rearrangement of free volumes. In addition, the rearrangement of free volumes depends strongly on constituent elements. In particular, the change in free volumes occurs around the Zr atoms, rather than the Cu centers. This implies that there is a feasible strategy for identifying glassy materials with high structural stability against neutron irradiation by tailoring the microstructures, the systems, or the compositions in alloys. This work will shed light on the development of materials with high irradiation resistance.
The structural elucidation of natural products (NPs) remains a challenge due to their structurally diversities and unpredictable functionalities, motifs, and scaffolds. Tandem mass spectrometry ...(MS/MS) is an effective method that assists the full elucidation of complicated NP structures. Ion activation methods play a key role in determining the fragmentation pathways and the structural information obtained from MS/MS. Electron‐ion reaction‐based dissociation (ExD) methods, including electron capture dissociation (ECD), electron transfer dissociation (ETD), electron‐induced dissociation (EID), and electron detachment dissociation (EDD), can induce the breakage of specific chemical bonds and the generation of distinct fragment ions. This review article provides an overview of the mechanisms, instrumentation, and typical applications related to ExD MS/MS in the structural elucidation of NPs, primarly including lipids, oligosaccharides, glycoconjugates, metabolites, and pharmaceutical drugs. This work aims to reveal the capacity and potential of ExD mass spectrometry in analyzing NPs and consequently helping the NP communities to utilize the modern capabilities of MS/MS in the discovery and evaluation of novel NPs.
This trial was conducted to study the effect of full-fat rice bran inclusion in diets on growth performance, carcass and meat quality and fatty acid composition in Sichuan goose.
A total of 204 ...Sichuan white male geese (28-d-old, 984 ± 15 g) were used in the 42-d assay. Full-fat rice bran inclusion in diets was 0%, 6%, 12% and 18%, respectively.
On d 70, two geese from each pen were randomly selected and killed for measuring the carcass and meat quality and the meat fatty acid composition.
The results showed that full-fat rice bran inclusion had no effect on average daily gain during 28-56 d, but rice bran inclusion at 18% increased average daily gain during 57-70 d. In addition, the full-fat rice bran supplementation decreased the subcutaneous fat yield, and the inclusion of full-fat rice bran in amounts of 12% and 18% decreased the half-eviscerated carcass yield, eviscerated carcass yield and crude fat content in goose meat. Moreover, full-fat rice bran supplementation had no effect on the content of total saturated fatty acid (SFA), but decreased the content of total monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA). The inclusion of full-fat rice bran in amounts of 12-18% increased the content of total polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and total n-6 in goose meat and in the amount of 18% increased n-3 fatty acids content in goose meat.
The results indicated that the rice bran inclusion had a positive effect in geese by stimulating growth performance and improving meat quality and fatty acid composition of goose meat.
Prior studies have reported mixed findings on the impact of corporate information technology (IT) investment on firm performance. This study investigates the effect of corporate governance, an ...important management control mechanism, on the relation between IT investment and firm performance in the Taiwanese electronics industry. Specifically, we explore board independence and foreign ownership, which have increasingly become salient factors concerning corporate governance in emerging markets. We address their roles across firms of different sizes and in industries where degrees of competitiveness run a wide gamut. Our results show a positive moderating effect of board independence on the IT investment-firm performance relation, especially when competition intensifies. Furthermore, we find that the greater the foreign ownership in small firms, the more positive the IT investment-firm performance relation, suggesting that foreign investors may bring IT expertise to help small firms reap the benefits of using IT.
With the increasing demand of rail transit construction, coupled with its complexity and appearance of new technologies, an integrated system is needed to provide the stakeholders a convenient way to ...exchange information effectively and efficiently. This paper, from the angle of information, proposes using multi-dimensional (nD) modeling technology to develop an integrated system for participants and decision-making support for project owners in construction period. In this research, nD system is realized by corresponding 3D models to visual working units which have a direct relationship with Work Breakdown Structures (WBS) and other construction code structures so that the system can integrate different information in the same 3D model. In view of large amount of information and dynamic characteristics of construction work, using nD system to integrate the latest information on all aspects can be a convenient way to get access to necessary information and help the owners in making decisions comprehensively.
► n-Dimensional (nD) modeling technology is proposed to develop an integrated system in construction period. ► nD system is realized by connecting 3D models with visual working units which are related to construction code structures. ► Different information can be integrated within 3D models in nD system. ► Users can access the status of the construction via 3D models.
For improving solubility of inosine, its β-form has been designed and prepared from inosine powder upon induction by sulfosalicylic acid. A single crystal of β-form inosine has been grown. The ...structure of β-form inosine has been characterized by XRPD, NMR and single-crystal X-ray crystallography. The crystal structure of β-form inosine demonstrates the layered structure based on a primary asymmetric cyclic hydrogen-bonded tetramer R
4
4
(14) based on the hetero-nitrogen and the hydroxyl group of inosine molecules. The single crystal exhibits the spiral structure along b axis formed due to O–H···O and O–H···N hydrogen bonds. As a result, water solubility under 37°C of inosine β-form is higher than that of inosine powder, and β-form inosine is hygroscopically more stable at 98% RH with respect to inosine powder. The β-form of inosine demonstrates the improved in vitro activity against liver cancer cells compared to inosine powder.
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