Post-lithium-ion batteries are designed to achieve high energy density and high safety by modifying their active material and cell configuration. In terms of the active material, lithium-sulfur ...batteries have the highest charge-storage capacity and high active-material utilization because of the use of a conversion-type sulfur cathode, which involves conversion between solid-state sulfur, liquid-state polysulfides, and solid-state sulfides. In terms of the configuration, solid-state batteries ensure high safety by using a solid-state electrolyte in between the two electrodes. Herein, we use a lithium lanthanum titanate (LLTO) solid-state electrolyte in the lithium-sulfur cell with a polysulfide catholyte electrode. The LLTO, which replaces the conventional liquid electrolyte, is a solid-state electrolyte that offers smooth lithium-ion diffusion and prevents the loss of polysulfides, while the highly active polysulfide electrode, which replaces the solid-state sulfur cathode, improves the reaction kinetics and the active-material utilization. The material and electrochemical analyses confirm the stabilized electrodes exhibit long-lasting lithium stripping/plating stability and limited polysulfide diffusion. Moreover, the morphologically and electrochemically smooth interface between the solid-state electrolyte and catholyte enables fast charge transfer in the cell, which demonstrates a high charge-storage capacity of 1429 mA h g
−1
, high rate performance, and high electrochemical efficiency.
A lithium lanthanum titanate (LLTO) solid-state electrolyte is adopted in a lithium-sulfur cell to stabilize the passivated lithium anode and to demonstrate the optimized electrochemical interface between the LLTO and polysulfide cathode.
The wear fault of the inner and outer race of bearing in an in-wheel motor is vital as the performance of bearing effects the transmission efficiency. Unlike the commonly used vibration ...analysis-based monitoring methods, the accelerometer cannot be installed inside the in-wheel motor since it would damage the structural reliability. The electricity-related signals sourcing from the motor controller may be a feasible way. In this paper, a load demodulation and normalization method under the condition of no vibration sensor is proposed to solve the problem of fault detection and diagnosis of the in-wheel motor transmission component under the condition of variable load. First, the stator current is selected to reflect the load changes according to the mathematical model of in-wheel motor in the three-phase stationary coordinates. Second, the order tracking is applied to synchronize the sampled signals on time domain with synchronous resampling, which converts the equally spaced signals into the angularly spaced signals. The merits are improving the definition of time–frequency representations (TFRs) of wear fault and avoiding the difficulty to determine the resolution of TFRs caused by load fluctuations. The short-time Fourier transform (STFT) is introduced to convert the angularly spaced signals into the TFRs. Finally, an adapted convolutional neural network (CNN) with random weight initialization and dropout strategy is employed to classify the wear of inner race and outer race. The proposed framework is verified on the in-wheel motor simulation platform. The experimental results show that the proposed method has a higher fault detection precision than the other methods. The core contribution reveals that this paper does not use the vibration-free sensor. Instead, the electrical signals of the controller are used to realize the fault detection and diagnosis of the inner and outer wear of the in-wheel motor bearing under the variable load conditions. Compared with the commonly used fault diagnosis method based on vibration signal analysis, the proposed method is more suitable for the condition monitoring system of the in-wheel motor transmission mechanism.
The genetic variability has obtained more and more attention in the process of diagnosis and treatment of tumors. Herein, we have described a multiple genotyping method based on magnetic enrichment- ...multiplex PCR （MEM-PCR） and microarray technology. Monodisperse magnetic beads were fabricated and modified with streptavidin. Four loci on two genes （M235T and A-6G loci on AGT gene, A1298C and C677T loci on MTHFR gene） were selected to study single nucleotide polymorphisms （SNP）. Target sequences of these SNP loci were amplified using Cy3-1abeled primers through multiplex PCR in one tube after the templates were enriched and purified by functional magnetic beads （MB）. Four pairs of NH2- labeled probes, corresponding to each locus, were fixed on CHO-modified glass slide by covalent binding. Hybridization between target sequences and probes was performed under suitable conditions. The spotting locations on microarray and the ratio of fluorescence intensity, produced by different loci, were used to distinguish the SNP genotypes. Finally, three of gastric cancer samples were collected and genotvping analysis for these four SNP loci was carried out successfully simultaneously by this method.
AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the associations of habitual fish oil supplementation with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality in a large prospective cohort.DesignPopulation based, prospective ...cohort study.SettingUK Biobank.ParticipantsA total of 427 678 men and women aged between 40 and 69 who had no CVD or cancer at baseline were enrolled between 2006 and 2010 and followed up to the end of 2018.Main exposureAll participants answered questions on the habitual use of supplements, including fish oil.Main outcome measuresAll cause mortality, CVD mortality, and CVD events.ResultsAt baseline, 133 438 (31.2%) of the 427 678 participants reported habitual use of fish oil supplements. The multivariable adjusted hazard ratios for habitual users of fish oil versus non-users were 0.87 (95% confidence interval 0.83 to 0.90) for all cause mortality, 0.84 (0.78 to 0.91) for CVD mortality, and 0.93 (0.90 to 0.96) for incident CVD events. For CVD events, the association seemed to be stronger among those with prevalent hypertension (P for interaction=0.005).ConclusionsHabitual use of fish oil seems to be associated with a lower risk of all cause and CVD mortality and to provide a marginal benefit against CVD events among the general population.
Welding and mechanical expansion during the manufacture of X80 pipes can introduce and change the residual stress at welding joints, which has many adverse effects on the fatigue properties of ...in-service pipelines that experience cyclic stress due to pressure fluctuations. Stress-relief annealing is an effective way to change the residual stress distribution. In this work, changes in the strength, residual stress, and fatigue properties of original and plastically-deformed X80 welded pipes were compared after stress-relief annealing. The results showed that stress-relief annealing significantly improved the fatigue lives of the welded joints of X80 pipes, especially when performed after plastic deformation. High-energy dislocation motion was the main cause of changes in the residual stresses and fatigue properties, as shown by the changes in dislocation distribution and misorientation within grains.
•Effect of annealing on the fatigue properties after plastic deformation was studied.•The plastically deformed X80 pipe has the highest fatigue life after annealing.•Stress-relief annealing has a greater recovering effect on the high-energy dislocations.•High-energy dislocation motion results in the change in fatigue properties.
A novel health assessment method for pumped storage units (PSUs) is presented in this article. First, multihead self-attentive mechanism (MSM) combined with quantile regression neural network (QRNN) ...are proposed to establish a health benchmark model for PSUs to reveal the intricate relationship between the vibration and its multiple influencing factors. Especially, MSM automatically learns the complex interaction features among multiple influencing factors, while QRNN explores the upper bounds of health vibration under specific operational parameters. Then, a fuzzy dimensionless function is constructed to map the deviation of the currently measured vibration from the predicted health vibration to the performance degradation indexes. Finally, an improved radar chart method is proposed to visually illustrate the health condition of multiple measurement locations and give comprehensive health assessment for PSUs. The proposed method is applied in a PSU in Zhejiang province of China. The results of comparative experiments illustrate its effectiveness and feasibility.
To identify genetic susceptibility loci for hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the Chinese population, we carried out a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in 2,514 ...chronic HBV carriers (1,161 HCC cases and 1,353 controls) followed by a 2-stage validation among 6 independent populations of chronic HBV carriers (4,319 cases and 4,966 controls). The joint analyses showed that HCC risk was significantly associated with two independent loci: rs7574865 at STAT4, P(meta) = 2.48 × 10(-10), odds ratio (OR) = 1.21; and rs9275319 at HLA-DQ, P(meta) = 2.72 × 10(-17), OR = 1.49. The risk allele G at rs7574865 was significantly associated with lower mRNA levels of STAT4 in both the HCC tissues and nontumor tissues of 155 individuals with HBV-related HCC (P(trend) = 0.0008 and 0.0002, respectively). We also found significantly lower mRNA expression of STAT4 in HCC tumor tissues compared with paired adjacent nontumor tissues (P = 2.33 × 10(-14)).
Reliable and quick response fault diagnosis is crucial for the wind turbine generator system (WTGS) to avoid unplanned interruption and to reduce the maintenance cost. However, the conditional data ...generated from WTGS operating in a tough environment is always dynamical and high-dimensional. To address these challenges, we propose a new fault diagnosis scheme which is composed of multiple extreme learning machines (ELM) in a hierarchical structure, where a forwarding list of ELM layers is concatenated and each of them is processed independently for its corresponding role. The framework enables both representational feature learning and fault classification. The multi-layered ELM based representational learning covers functions including data preprocessing, feature extraction and dimension reduction. An ELM based autoencoder is trained to generate a hidden layer output weight matrix, which is then used to transform the input dataset into a new feature representation. Compared with the traditional feature extraction methods which may empirically wipe off some "insignificant' feature information that in fact conveys certain undiscovered important knowledge, the introduced representational learning method could overcome the loss of information content. The computed output weight matrix projects the high dimensional input vector into a compressed and orthogonally weighted distribution. The last single layer of ELM is applied for fault classification. Unlike the greedy layer wise learning method adopted in back propagation based deep learning (DL), the proposed framework does not need iterative fine-tuning of parameters. To evaluate its experimental performance, comparison tests are carried out on a wind turbine generator simulator. The results show that the proposed diagnostic framework achieves the best performance among the compared approaches in terms of accuracy and efficiency in multiple faults detection of wind turbines.
Abstract
Background: Little is known about the role of specific leisure activities in affecting cognitive functions. We aim to examine the associations of specific leisure activities with the risk of ...cognitive impairment among oldest-old people in China. Methods: This community-based prospective cohort study included 10,741 cognitively normal Chinese individuals aged 80 years or older (median age 88 years) from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. Cognitive function was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Cox proportional hazards models were utilized to estimate the effects of specific leisure activities on cognitive impairment outcome. Results: During a median follow-up time of 3.4 years (41,760 person-years), 2,894 participants developed cognitive impairment. Compared to those who “never” engaged in watching TV or listening to radio, reading books or newspapers, and playing cards or mah-jong, those who engaged in such activities “almost every day” reduced their risk of cognitive impairment, the fully-adjusted hazard ratios were 0.56 (0.51–0.61), 0.64 (0.53–0.78), and 0.70 (0.56–0.86), respectively. The association between the risk of cognitive impairment and watching TV and listening to the radio, playing cards or mah-jong, and reading books or newspapers were stronger among those who had two or more years of education. Moreover, the association between risk of cognitive impairment and watching TV and listening to radio was stronger in men than in women. Conclusions: In conclusion, a greater frequency of TV watching or radio listening, reading books or newspapers, and playing cards or mah-jong may decrease the risk of cognitive impairment among the oldest-old.
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