This paper is devoted to the chemotaxis model with indirect production and general kinetic function
u
t
=
Δ
u
-
χ
∇
·
(
u
∇
v
)
+
f
(
u
)
,
x
∈
Ω
,
t
>
0
,
v
t
=
Δ
v
-
v
+
w
,
x
∈
Ω
,
t
>
0
,
τ
w
t
+
...λ
w
=
g
(
u
)
,
x
∈
Ω
,
t
>
0
,
in a bounded domain
Ω
⊂
R
n
(
n
≤
3
)
with smooth boundary
∂
Ω
, where
χ
,
τ
,
λ
are given positive parameters,
f
and
g
are known functions. We find several explicit conditions involving the kinetic function
f
,
g
, the parameters
χ
,
λ
, and the initial data
‖
u
0
‖
L
1
(
Ω
)
to ensure the global-in-time existence and uniform boundedness for the corresponding 2D/3D Neumann initial-boundary value problem. Particularly, when
f
≡
0
, and
g
is a linear function, the global bounded classical solutions to the corresponding 2D Neumann initial-boundary value problem with arbitrarily large initial data and chemotactic sensitivity are established. Our results partially extend the results of Hu and Tao (Math Models Methods Appl Sci 26:2111–2128, 2016), Tao and Winkler (J Eur Math Soc 19:3641–3678, 2017), etc.
We sought to investigate epidemiologic features of Kawasaki disease (KD) in Shanghai from 2013 through 2017 and identify risk factors for coronary artery lesions (CAL).
As in our previous three ...surveys, a set of questionnaires and diagnostic guidelines for KD were sent to 50 hospitals providing pediatric medical care in Shanghai. Medical records of KD patients diagnosed from January 2013 through December 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors for CAL.
A total of 4,452 cases were enrolled. Male-to-female ratio was 1.7:1. The incidence of KD was 68.8 to 107.3 per 100,000 children aged <5 years from 2013 to 2017. Age at onset ranged from 15 days to 14.0 years (median: 1.8 years). KD occurred more frequently in spring and summer. Of 4,325 patients (97.0%) receiving intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), 362 (8.4%) were resistant to initial IVIG. CAL occurred in 406 (9.1%) patients, including 118 (2.7%) with medium aneurysms and 31 (0.7%) with giant aneurysms. Recurrent cases were 60 (1.3%). No death was found in this survey. Higher platelet levels, lower albumin levels, male sex, incomplete KD, IVIG resistance, and receiving initial IVIG ≤4 days or >10 days, were independently associated with CAL.
The incidence of KD in Shanghai had substantially increased while the proportion of CAL had substantially decreased as compared with our previous surveys. Higher platelet levels, lower albumin levels, male sex, incomplete KD, IVIG resistance, and receiving initial IVIG ≤4 days or >10 days, were risk factors for CAL.
We consider the stability properties of sampled-data networked linear systems with Markovian packet losses. A binary Markov chain is used to characterize the packet loss phenomenon of the network. We ...show that the sampled-data system under consideration can be considered as a randomly sampled system with an i.i.d. random sampling period. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the stochastic stability properties are established. Those conditions are based on the relationships of stability properties between the systems evolving in deterministic continuous time, deterministic discrete time, and random discrete time. In addition, the asymptotic stability of the system is also studied by using Lyapunov exponent method.
The progress of plasmon-based technologies relies on an understanding of the properties of the enhanced electromagnetic fields generated by the coupling nanostrucutres
. Plasmon-enhanced applications ...include advanced spectroscopies
, optomechanics
, optomagnetics
and biosensing
. However, precise determination of plasmon field intensity distribution within a nanogap remains challenging. Here, we demonstrate a molecular ruler made from a set of viologen-based, self-assembly monolayers with which we precisely measures field distribution within a plasmon nanocavity with ~2-Å spatial resolution. We observed an unusually large plasmon field intensity inhomogeneity that we attribute to the formation of a plasmonic comb in the nanocavity. As a consequence, we posit that the generally adopted continuous media approximation for molecular monolayers should be used carefully.
•Command-and-control and market-based environmental regulation(ER) are identified.•ER increases the proportion of new energy investment.•Command-and-control ER increase investment ratios of new ...energy.•FCER increases the proportion of new energy investment.•ICER increases the proportion of new energy investment in China's eastern region.
Investment structure optimization is important for achieving green development, and environmental regulation affects enterprises’ investment behavior significantly. This study divides environmental regulation into market-based and command-and-control policies. The latter is further divided into the formulation and implementation of policies. Using the Chinese power generation industry from 2007 to 2017 as a sample, we employ the system generalized method of moments (system GMM) to study the impact of environmental regulation on the energy investment structure and explore how differences in regions and environmental regulations affect the energy investment structure. The results show that although environmental regulation increased the proportion of investment in new energy power generation, different types and levels of environmental regulations affected investment in power generation differently. Stricter command-and-control environmental regulation policies at the formulation level increased the investment proportion of new energy power generation. However, the regional data show that different types and levels of environmental regulation affected the power generation investment structure in each region differently. Both command-and-control and market-based environmental regulation in China's central and western regions failed to play their role. Moreover, the implementation of command-and-control environmental regulation policies significantly influenced the direct increase in the proportion of new energy power generation in China's eastern region.
Microbial communities often perform important functions that depend on inter-species interactions. To improve community function via artificial selection, one can repeatedly grow many communities to ...allow mutations to arise, and "reproduce" the highest-functioning communities by partitioning each into multiple offspring communities for the next cycle. Since improvement is often unimpressive in experiments, we study how to design effective selection strategies in silico. Specifically, we simulate community selection to improve a function that requires two species. With a "community function landscape", we visualize how community function depends on species and genotype compositions. Due to ecological interactions that promote species coexistence, the evolutionary trajectory of communities is restricted to a path on the landscape. This restriction can generate counter-intuitive evolutionary dynamics, prevent the attainment of maximal function, and importantly, hinder selection by trapping communities in locations of low community function heritability. We devise experimentally-implementable manipulations to shift the path to higher heritability, which speeds up community function improvement even when landscapes are high dimensional or unknown. Video walkthroughs: https://go.nature.com/3GWwS6j ; https://online.kitp.ucsb.edu/online/ecoevo21/shou2/ .
The concept of gyrogroups is a generalization of groups which do not explicitly have associativity. In this paper, the notion of fuzzy gyronorms on gyrogroups is introduced. The relations of fuzzy ...metrics (in the sense of George and Veeramani), fuzzy gyronorms and gyronorms on gyrogroups are studied. Also, the fuzzy metric structures on fuzzy normed gyrogroups are discussed. Finally the fuzzy metric completion of a gyrogroup with an invariant metric is studied. We mainly show that if d is an invariant metric on a gyrogroup G and (Gˆ,dˆ) is the metric completion of the metric space (G,d); then for any continuous t-norm ⁎, the standard fuzzy metric space (Gˆ,Mdˆ,⁎) of (Gˆ,dˆ) is the (up to isometry) unique fuzzy metric completion of the standard fuzzy metric space (G,Md,⁎) of (G,d); furthermore, (Gˆ,Mdˆ,⁎) is a fuzzy metric gyrogroup containing (G,Md,⁎) as a dense fuzzy metric subgyrogroup and Mdˆ is invariant on Gˆ. Applying this result, we obtain that every gyrogroup G with an invariant metric d admits an (up to isometric) unique complete metric space (Gˆ,dˆ) of (G,d) such that Gˆ with the topology introduced by dˆ is a topological gyrogroup containing G as a dense subgyrogroup and dˆ is invariant on Gˆ.
Objectives
Even today, tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading public health problem; yet, the current diagnostic methods still have a few shortcomings. Lipoarabinomannan (LAM) provides an opportunity ...for TB diagnosis, and urine LAM detection seems to have a promising and widely applicable prospect.
Design or methods
Four databases were systematically searched for eligible studies, and the quality of the studies was evaluated using the quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies‐2 (QUADAS‐2). Graphs and tables were created to show sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratios, diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), the area under the curve (AUC), and so on.
Results
Based on the included 67 studies, the pooled sensitivity of urine LAM was 48% and specificity was 89%. In the subgroup analyses, the FujiLAM test had higher sensitivity (69%) and specificity (92%). Furthermore, among patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), 50% of TB patients were diagnosed using a urine LAM test. Besides, the CD4+ cell count was inversely proportional to the sensitivity.
Conclusions
Urine LAM is a promising diagnostic test for TB, particularly using the FujiLAM in HIV‐infected adults whose CD4+ cell count is ≤100 per μl. Besides, the urine LAM test shows various sensitivities and specificities in different subgroups in terms of age, HIV infection status, CD4+ cell count, and testing method.
Urine antigen is used as a promising biomarker associated with TB. Urine LAM test is a simple point‐of‐care test and easy to use and fast, achieving high diagnostic accuracy. Moreover, Urine LAM test shows various sensitivities and specificities in different subgroups including age, HIV infection, CD4+ cell count, and examination methods. Thus, Urine LAM test, a simple point‐of‐care test, has been easy to use and fast, achieving high diagnostic accuracy.
In-home healthcare services based on the Internet-of-Things (IoT) have great business potential; however, a comprehensive platform is still missing. In this paper, an intelligent home-based platform, ...the iHome Health-IoT, is proposed and implemented. In particular, the platform involves an open-platform-based intelligent medicine box (iMedBox) with enhanced connectivity and interchangeability for the integration of devices and services; intelligent pharmaceutical packaging (iMedPack) with communication capability enabled by passive radio-frequency identification (RFID) and actuation capability enabled by functional materials; and a flexible and wearable bio-medical sensor device (Bio-Patch) enabled by the state-of-the-art inkjet printing technology and system-on-chip. The proposed platform seamlessly fuses IoT devices (e.g., wearable sensors and intelligent medicine packages) with in-home healthcare services (e.g., telemedicine) for an improved user experience and service efficiency. The feasibility of the implemented iHome Health-IoT platform has been proven in field trials.
This paper is concerned with the boundedness of the solution of a random Riccati difference equation arising from Kalman filtering with observation losses characterized by a Markovian binary jump ...parameter. A new sufficient condition for stability in the peak covariance sense is obtained which has a simpler form and is shown to be less conservative for systems with the observability index of two than existing works. Meanwhile, we give some conditions under which the covariance matrix is bounded or unbounded in the usual sense. Then the equivalence between the peak covariance stability and the usual covariance stability is established for systems with the observability index of one and independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) observation losses.
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