Urban industrial land has gradually become a scarcity affecting production, and the reallocation planning of industrial land is an important tool with which to guide the sustainable development of ...urban industrial manufacturing. To save energy and ensure the economic benefits of industrial production, we designed a reallocation planning model for urban industrial land. The planning model takes the cost of industrial land development, the investment intensity of unit land fixed assets and planning density as the main planning indices and combines the tax differences for different energy consumption intensity industries and the heterogeneity of the enterprise’s decision of spatial location. The reallocation strategy of the model is simulated according to the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomerations of China. The characteristics of industrial land reallocation planning and its impact on industrial structure optimization and emission reduction are analyzed. The results show that the position adjustment of industrial parks during planning will lead to ladder-type spatial characteristics of planning indices through enterprises’ decision heterogeneity. The differences in tax intensity for industries with different energy consumption intensities have little influence on indices’ spatial characteristics and have no significant impact on the structural characteristics of the industrial land development cost except for large size enterprises. The role of urban industrial land reallocation planning in the process of urban industrial structure optimization has been better reflected under indifferent tax policies, which will also have a significant effect on reducing regional industrial carbon emissions and optimizing the spatial pattern of regional industrial carbon emissions. In China’s Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomerations, cities with large areas of industrial land should make full use of the role of the industrial park's position adjustment in urban industrial land reallocation planning to optimize the urban industrial structure. Cities with small scale industrial land should pay attention to the decision heterogeneity of enterprises in the planning process. Industrial tax policy and land use planning should be combined to make full use of the contribution of industrial land reallocation to regional carbon emission reduction.
•The grey model can be applied to predict fog and haze weather because of their characteristic of uncertainty.•A new Multivariable Grey Model based on interval grey number sequences with known ...possibility function is built.•The proposed model is applied to simulate and predict the measurable indicators of fog and haze.•The examination verifies that the performance of the proposed model is much better than other prediction models’.
In this study, a new Multivariable Grey Model (1,m) aimed at interval grey number sequences with known possibility functions is built using the kernel and degree of greyness under new definitions. Based on the new model, formulae are deduced to calculate and predict the upper and lower bounds of interval grey numbers. Since the grey system model and fog- and haze-prone weather have the same characteristics of uncertainty, this model was applied to simulate and predict the measurable indicators of fog and haze in Nanjing, China. We selected visibility data and particulate matter data with a diameter of 2.5 µm to build a new Multivariable Grey Model (1,2) with a new kernel and degree of greyness sequence. In addition, we established the traditional Multivariable Grey Model (1,2) with the original kernel and degree of greyness and the Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average Model (1,1,0). The results show that the new Multivariable Grey Model (1,2) has the best simulation and prediction effects among the three models, with average relative errors of simulation and prediction at 1.32% and 0.32%, respectively. To further verify the validity and feasibility of the proposed model, we added another real-world example to establish the three models mentioned above. The results prove that the proposed model has evidently superior performance to another two models.
is the major intracellular degradation system, by which cytoplasmic materials are delivered to and degraded in the lyso- some. As a quality control mechanism for cytoplasmic proteins and organelles, ...autophagy plays important roles in a variety of human diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes and infectious and inflammatory diseases. The discovery of ATG genes and the dissection of the signaling pathways involved in regulating autophagy have greatly enriched our knowledge on the occurrence and development of this lysosomal degradation pathway. In addition to its role in degradation, autophagy may also promote a type of programmed cell death that is different from apoptosis, termed type II programmed cell death. Owing to the dual roles of autophagy in cell death and the specificity of diseases, the exact mechanisms of autophagy in various diseases require more investigation. The application of autophagy inhibitors and activators will help us understand the regulation of autophagy in human diseases, and provide insight into the use of autophagy-targeted drugs. In this review, we summarize the latest research on autophagy inhibitors and activators and discuss the possibility of their application in human disease therapy.
Privacy preserving on data mining and data release has attracted an increasing research interest over a number of decades. Differential privacy is one influential privacy notion that offers a ...rigorous and provable privacy guarantee for data mining and data release. Existing studies on differential privacy assume that in a data set, records are sampled independently. However, in real-world applications, records in a data set are rarely independent. The relationships among records are referred to as correlated information and the data set is defined as correlated data set. A differential privacy technique performed on a correlated data set will disclose more information than expected, and this is a serious privacy violation. Although recent research was concerned with this new privacy violation, it still calls for a solid solution for the correlated data set. Moreover, how to decrease the large amount of noise incurred via differential privacy in correlated data set is yet to be explored. To fill the gap, this paper proposes an effective correlated differential privacy solution by defining the correlated sensitivity and designing a correlated data releasing mechanism. With consideration of the correlated levels between records, the proposed correlated sensitivity can significantly decrease the noise compared with traditional global sensitivity. The correlated data releasing mechanism correlated iteration mechanism is designed based on an iterative method to answer a large number of queries. Compared with the traditional method, the proposed correlated differential privacy solution enhances the privacy guarantee for a correlated data set with less accuracy cost. Experimental results show that the proposed solution outperforms traditional differential privacy in terms of mean square error on large group of queries. This also suggests the correlated differential privacy can successfully retain the utility while preserving the privacy.
Objective
Inflammatory injury plays a critical role in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH)‐induced secondary brain injury. However, the upstream events that initiate inflammatory responses following ICH ...remain elusive. Our previous studies suggested that Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) may be the upstream signal that triggers inflammatory injury in ICH. In addition, recent clinical findings indicated that both TLR2 and TLR4 may participate in ICH‐induced brain injury. However, it is unclear how TLR2 functions in ICH‐induced inflammatory injury and how TLR2 interacts with TLR4.
Methods
The role of TLR2 and TLR2/TLR4 heterodimerization in ICH‐induced inflammatory injury was investigated in both in vivo and in vitro models of ICH.
Results
TLR2 mediated ICH‐induced inflammatory injury, which forms a heterodimer with TLR4 in both in vivo and in vitro models of ICH. Hemoglobin (Hb), but not other blood components, triggered inflammatory injury in ICH via assembly of TLR2/TLR4 heterodimers. MyD88 (myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88), but not TRIF (Toll/IR‐1 domain–containing adaptor protein inducing interferon‐beta), was required for ICH‐induced TLR2/TLR4 heterodimerization. Mutation of MyD88 Arg196 abolished the TLR2/TLR4 heterodimerization.
Interpretation
Our results suggest that a novel TLR2/TLR4 heterodimer induced by Hb initiates inflammatory injury in ICH. Interfering with the assembly of the TLR2/TLR4 heterodimer may be a novel target for developing effective treatment of ICH. Ann Neurol 2014;75:876–889
The continuous improvement of living standards is related to higher requirements for the freshness and taste of food. For example, synthetic phenolic antioxidants (SPAs) are added to fats and fried ...foods as food additives to minimize the oxidative rancidity of oils and fats. Hence, the global use of SPAs is increasing year by year. Dibutyl hydroxytoluene is one of the widely used SPAs, often in combination with butyl hydroxyanisole or gallate SPAs. The extensive use of these compounds makes them and their transformation products to be widespread in various environmental matrices, including indoor dust, wastewater, river water, sewage sludge, and sediment, as well as human samples, such as nails and urine, at concentrations varying from nanogram per gram (ng/g) to microgram per gram (μg/g). Animal experiments have shown that high-dose SPA exposure is toxic, which may lead to DNA damage and mismatches and the development of cancerous tumors. Since the biosphere shares the same set of genetic codes, humans and animals have many identical or similar feedback mechanisms and information pathways. Therefore, the damage of SPAs to animals may also threaten human health. This review discusses the properties, occurrence, analysis, and environmental health risks of typical SPAs, including butyl hydroxyanisole, dibutyl hydroxytoluene, tert-butylhydroquinone, propyl gallate, octyl gallate, and lauryl gallate, used as food additives. In addition, AO2246, which is used in food packaging bags, is also considered. Future research directions on SPAs and their transformation products (TPs) are identified and discussed.
Display omitted
•Analytical methods of SPAs and TPs based on GC and HPLC were summarized.•BHA, and BHT and its TPs are frequently detected in various environmental matrices.•Human exposure to SPAs is minor compared with the ADIs.•The lack of PNECs may cause inaccurate risk assessment of SPAs.
An asymmetric unactivated alkene/CH bond difunctionalization reaction for the concomitant construction of CCF3 and CO bonds was realized by using a Cu/Brønsted acid cooperative catalytic system, ...thus providing facile access to valuable chiral CF3‐containing N,O‐aminals with excellent regio‐, chemo‐, and enantioselectivity. Mechanistic studies revealed that this reaction may proceed by an unprecedented 1,5‐hydride shift involving activation of unactivated alkenes and a radical trifluoromethylation to initiate subsequent enantioselective functionalization of CH bonds. Control experiments also suggested that chiral Brønsted acid plays multiple roles and not only controls the stereoselectivity but also increases the reaction rate through activation of Togni’s reagent.
En route: The title redox‐neutral reaction provides a convenient route to valuable enantioenriched trifluoromethylated N,O‐aminals in good to excellent yields and with excellent regio‐, chemo‐, and enantioselectivity. The reaction features a CuI/Brønsted acid system and broad substrate scope.
As of June 1, 2020, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused more than 6,000,000 infected persons and 360,000 deaths globally. Previous studies revealed pregnant women with COVID-19 had similar ...clinical manifestations to nonpregnant women. However, little is known about the outcome of neonates born to infected women.
In this retrospective study, we studied 29 pregnant women with COVID-19 infection delivered in 2 designated general hospitals in Wuhan, China between January 30 and March 10, 2020, and 30 neonates (1 set of twins). Maternal demographic characteristics, delivery course, symptoms, and laboratory tests from hospital records were extracted. Neonates were hospitalized if they had symptoms (5 cases) or their guardians agreed to a hospitalized quarantine (13 cases), whereas symptom-free neonates also could be discharged after birth and followed up through telephone (12 cases). For hospitalized neonates, laboratory test results and chest X-ray or computed tomography (CT) were extracted from hospital records. The presence of antibody of SARS-CoV-2 was assessed in the serum of 4 neonates. Among 29 pregnant COVID-19-infected women (13 confirmed and 16 clinical diagnosed), the majority had higher education (56.6%), half were employed (51.7%), and their mean age was 29 years. Fourteen women experienced mild symptoms including fever (8), cough (9), shortness of breath (3), diarrhea (2), vomiting (1), and 15 were symptom-free. Eleven of 29 women had pregnancy complications, and 27 elected to have a cesarean section delivery. Of 30 neonates, 18 were admitted to Wuhan Children's Hospital for quarantine and care, whereas the other 12 neonates discharged after birth without any symptoms and had normal follow-up. Five hospitalized neonates were diagnosed as COVID-19 infection (2 confirmed and 3 suspected). In addition, 12 of 13 other hospitalized neonates presented with radiological features for pneumonia through X-ray or CT screening, 1 with occasional cough and the others without associated symptoms. SARS-CoV-2 specific serum immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) were measured in 4 neonates and 2 were positive. The limited sample size limited statistical comparison between groups.
In this study, we observed COVID-19 or radiological features of pneumonia in some, but not all, neonates born to women with COVID-19 infection. These findings suggest that intrauterine or intrapartum transmission is possible and warrants clinical caution and further investigation.
Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2000031954 (Maternal and Perinatal Outcomes of Women with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a multicenter retrospective cohort study).
•Impacts of different operational parameters on function microbes were evaluated.•Function microbiomes included the distinct and overlapping components.•The set of minimal “core microbiome” is ...detectable (ca. 40%).•Organic loading rate shaped finer microbial networks than hydraulic retention time.•Firmicutes is the most connected node with biogas production.
Understanding of how anaerobic digestion (AD)-related microbiomes are constructed by operational parameters or their interactions within the biochemical process is limited. Using high-throughput sequencing and molecular ecological network analysis, this study shows the succession of AD-related microbiome hosting diverse members of the phylum Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Euryarchaeota, and Firmicutes, which were affected by organic loading rate (OLR) and hydraulic retention time (HRT). OLR formed finer microbial network modules than HRT (12 vs. 6), suggesting the further subdivision of functional components. Biomarkers were also identified in OLR or HRT groups (e.g. the family Actinomycetaceae, Methanosaetaceae and Aminiphilaceae). The most pair-wise link between Firmicutes and biogas production indicates the keystone members based on network features can be considered as markers in the regulation of AD. A set of 40% species (“core microbiome”) were similar across different digesters. Such noteworthy overlap of microbiomes indicates they are generalists in maintaining the ecological stability of digesters.
The first example of a metal-free direct carbotrifluoromethylation of alkenes using inexpensive TMSCF3 as the CF3 source is described. The methodology not only exhibits high chemoselectivity for this ...transformation but also expands the substrate scope that is difficult to access by known transition-metal-catalyzed methods.
PDF
