In this study, we examined how perceived overqualification influences employees' career distress and career planning. Specifically, we drew on role identity theory to hypothesize that perceived ...overqualification is positively related to individuals' career identity. Based on internal self‐processing dynamics of role identity, we further hypothesized that career identity predicts reduced career distress and increased career planning. We expected career identity to mediate the effects of overqualification on career distress and career planning. Based on the symbolic interactionism perspective of identity, we hypothesized that this mediation is moderated by leader humility so that overqualified employees exhibit stronger career identities in the presence of a humble leader. We found support for our hypotheses in a multi‐wave time‐lagged study of 220 supervisor–subordinate dyads from 50 groups. Overall, our studies highlight that perceived overqualification can have positive effects on employees and organizations under appropriate management conditions. We discuss theoretical and practical implications of these results.
Interest-point matching is a key technique for image registration. It is widely used for 3-D shape reconstruction, change detection, medical image processing, computerized visioning systems, and ...pattern recognition. Although numerous algorithms have been developed for different applications, processing local distortion inherent in images that are captured from different viewpoints remains problematic. High-resolution satellite images are normally acquired at widely spaced intervals and typically contain local distortion due to ground relief variation. Interest-point-matching algorithms can be grouped into two broad categories: area based and feature based. Although each type has its own particular advantages in specific applications, they all face the common problem of dealing with ambiguity in smooth (low-texture) areas, such as grass, water, highway surfaces, building roofs, etc. In this paper, a new algorithm for interest-point matching of high-resolution satellite images is proposed. The conceptual basis of this algorithm is the detection of ldquosuper points,rdquo those points which have the greatest interest strength (i.e., which represent the most prominent features) and the subsequent construction of a control network. Sufficient spatial information is then available to reduce the ambiguity and avoid false matches. We commence this paper with a brief review of current research on interest-point matching. We then introduce the proposed algorithm in detail and describe experiments with three sets of high-resolution satellite images. The experiment results show that the proposed algorithm can successfully process local distortion in high-resolution satellite images and can avoid ambiguity in matching the smooth areas. It is simple, fast, and accurate.
ZIF-8 nanoparticles were prepared with a convenient method at room temperature. The morphology and components of the ZIF-8 were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), powder X-ray ...diffraction spectroscopy (PXRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and zeta potential analysis. The ZIF-8 nanoparticles were relatively stable under neutral and alkaline solutions, while their structure easily collapsed partially in the strong acidic aqueous solution. The adsorption kinetics and isotherms of ZIF-8 for tetracycline were evaluated in detail. The effects of key parameters such as pH, contact time, temperature and ionic strength on the adsorption of tetracycline were studied. The data on the adsorption of tetracycline on the ZIF-8 nanoparticles fitted well to the pseudo-second-order kinetics model, while the adsorption isotherm data can be explained respectively by the Langmuir isothermal model and the Freundlich isotherm model to varying degrees. The equilibrium quantity of tetracycline on ZIF-8 obtained in adsorption kinetic studies was 124.6 mg g −1 at 25 °C, while the value calculated by the Langmuir isotherm model was above 1000 mg g −1 at the same temperature. This implied that the adsorption capacity of ZIF-8 to tetracycline can be improved to a large extent. The analysis of the adsorption mechanism showed that electrostatic attraction and π–π stacking interaction both played crucial roles in the adsorption process. Regeneration experiments indicated that the used adsorbent still showed excellent applicability after four rounds of recycling.
We used cultural self-representation theory to develop a model of the processes linking delegation to work outcomes. We tested this model with data from a sample of 171 subordinate-supervisor dyads ...from the People's Republic of China. Regression results revealed that organization-based self-esteem and perceived insider status fully mediated the influence of delegation on affective organizational commitment, task performance, and innovative behavior and partially mediated delegation's influence on job satisfaction. Furthermore, traditionality moderated the relationships between delegation and the mediators in such a way that the relationships were stronger for individuals lower rather than higher in traditionality.
Disrupting the balance between self-renewal and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) leads to bone marrow failure or hematologic malignancy. However, how HSCs sustain their quiescent ...state and avoid type I interferon (IFN)-mediated exhaustion remains elusive. Here we defined a circular RNA that we named cia-cGAS that was highly expressed in the nucleus of long-term (LT)-HSCs. Cia-cGAS deficiency in mice caused elevated expression of type I IFNs in bone marrow and led to decreased numbers of dormant LT-HSCs. Under homeostatic conditions, cia-cGAS bound DNA sensor cGAS in the nucleus to block its synthase activity, thereby protecting dormant LT-HSCs from cGAS-mediated exhaustion. Moreover, cia-cGAS harbored a stronger binding affinity to cGAS than self-DNA did and consequently suppressed cGAS-mediated production of type I IFNs in LT-HSCs. Our findings reveal a mechanism by which cia-cGAS inhibits nuclear cGAS by blocking its enzymatic activity and preventing cGAS from recognizing self-DNA to maintain host homeostasis.
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•Cia-cGAS deficiency leads to elevated type I IFNs in LT-HSCs•Cia-cGAS binds to cGAS and inactivates the enzymatic activity of cGAS in LT-HSCs•Cia-cGAS protects dormant HSCs from cGAS-mediated exhaustion•Cia-cGAS is a potent suppressor of cGAS-mediated recognition and autoimmune response
Disrupting the balance between self-renewal and differentiation of HSCs leads to severe pathologic consequences. Xia et al. identify a circular RNA cia-cGAS that is highly expressed in the nucleus of LT-HSCs. Under homeostatic conditions, cia-cGAS binds DNA sensor cGAS to block its synthase activity, protecting dormant LT-HSCs from cGAS-mediated exhaustion.
As studies continue to accumulate on leader humility, it has become clear that humility (one of the moral virtues) in a leader is largely beneficial to his or her followers. While the majority of the ...empirical research on this topic has demonstrated the positive effects of leader humility, this study challenges that consensus by arguing that a leader's humble behavior can have contradictory outcomes in followers' voice behavior. Drawing on attachment theory, we develop a model which takes into account the ways in which leader humility influences the seemingly contradictory voice behavior of followers, i.e., inducing challenging voice (promoting the flexibility toward changes), and defensive voice (showing the persistence toward changes) depending on the followers' sense of security as reflected by feeling trusted (sensing the leaders' confidence in them) and self-efficacy for voice (sense of self-confidence). The results of this empirical study confirm that leader humility influences followers' voice in a contradictory way through their sense of security.
Abstract
Contributing to the literature on positive effects of overqualification, this research examines when and why perceived overqualification predicts affiliative and proactive performance at ...work. Integrating optimal distinctiveness theory with self‐construal theory, we propose that depending on the nature of an employee's self‐construal (i.e., independent, or interdependent), perceived overqualification will be associated with two opposing motivational processes—namely, differentiation and assimilation. We expect perceived overqualification to have a positive relationship with a motive for assimilation when an employee has a strong interdependent self‐construal. Conversely, we expect perceived overqualification to have a positive relationship with a motive for differentiation when an employee has a strong independent self‐construal. We further argue that assimilation‐seeking and differentiation‐seeking motives will be positively related to affiliative and proactive performance, respectively. We conducted two multi‐waved and multisourced studies to test our hypotheses. In a pilot study (
N
= 249), we first tested our moderation hypothesis. In our main study (
N
= 496), we tested our overall moderated mediation model. Results from both studies reveal that perceived overqualification can trigger a need for differentiation or assimilation in employees depending on the nature of their self‐construal. The differentiation‐seeking motive was positively related to proactive performance, while the assimilation‐seeking motive was positively related to affiliative performance. Our findings advance overqualification and motivation literatures and provide insights into talent acquisition and management.
Research investigating the underlying mechanisms and boundary conditions under which leader humility influences employee voice remains underdeveloped. Drawing from approach-inhibition theory of power ...and leader humility literature, we developed a moderated-mediation model in which personal sense of power (i.e., employees' ability to influence other individuals such as their leader) was theorized as a unique mechanism underlining why employees feel motivated to speak up under the supervision of humble leaders. Additionally, the cultural value of power distance was proposed to be a relevant boundary condition to influence such relationship. We tested the model using time-lagged supervisor-subordinate matched data. Results of mixed models analyses provided support for our hypotheses confirming that employees' personal sense of power mediates the relationship between leader humility and employee voice, and such relationship was found to be stronger when employees' power distance was lower rather than higher.
The phenylalanine-tyrosine-dopa-dopamine pathway provides dopamine to the brain. In this process, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) is the rate-limiting enzyme that hydroxylates tyrosine and generates ...levodopa (L-dopa) with tetrahydrobiopterin (BH
) as a coenzyme. Here, we show that oral berberine (BBR) might supply H
through dihydroberberine (reduced BBR produced by bacterial nitroreductase) and promote the production of BH
from dihydrobiopterin; the increased BH
enhances TH activity, which accelerates the production of L-dopa by the gut bacteria. Oral BBR acts in a way similar to vitamins. The L-dopa produced by the intestinal bacteria enters the brain through the circulation and is transformed to dopamine. To verify the gut-brain dialog activated by BBR's effect, Enterococcus faecalis or Enterococcus faecium was transplanted into Parkinson's disease (PD) mice. The bacteria significantly increased brain dopamine and ameliorated PD manifestation in mice; additionally, combination of BBR with bacteria showed better therapeutic effect than that with bacteria alone. Moreover, 2,4,6-trimethyl-pyranylium tetrafluoroborate (TMP-TFB)-derivatized matrix-assisted laser desorption mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) imaging of dopamine identified elevated striatal dopamine levels in mouse brains with oral Enterococcus, and BBR strengthened the imaging intensity of brain dopamine. These results demonstrated that BBR was an agonist of TH in Enterococcus and could lead to the production of L-dopa in the gut. Furthermore, a study of 28 patients with hyperlipidemia confirmed that oral BBR increased blood/fecal L-dopa by the intestinal bacteria. Hence, BBR might improve the brain function by upregulating the biosynthesis of L-dopa in the gut microbiota through a vitamin-like effect.
An emerging family of innate lymphoid cells (termed ILCs) has an essential role in the initiation and regulation of inflammation. However, it is still unclear how ILCs are regulated in the duration ...of intestinal inflammation. Here, we identify a regulatory subpopulation of ILCs (called ILCregs) that exists in the gut and harbors a unique gene identity that is distinct from that of ILCs or regulatory T cells (Tregs). During inflammatory stimulation, ILCregs can be induced in the intestine and suppress the activation of ILC1s and ILC3s via secretion of IL-10, leading to protection against innate intestinal inflammation. Moreover, TGF-β1 is induced by ILCregs during the innate intestinal inflammation, and autocrine TGF-β1 sustains the maintenance and expansion of ILCregs. Therefore, ILCregs play an inhibitory role in the innate immune response, favoring the resolution of intestinal inflammation.
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•ILCregs exist in mouse and human intestines•ILCregs contribute to the resolution of innate intestinal inflammation•ILCregs suppress the activation of ILC1s and ILC3s via secretion of IL-10•Autocrine TGF-β1 is required for the expansion of ILCregs during inflammation
A subpopulation of innate lymphoid cells, called ILCregs, are found to have a regulatory role in intestinal homeostasis and innate immune defenses akin to Treg cells.
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