The inflammation modulation effects of mesenchymal stromal cell-derived exosomes (MSC-EXO) are well established. We aimed to explore the mechanism behind the inflammatory responses of numerous ...exosomal cargo molecules that have been neglected in molecular biology research, and to develop an exosomal cargo delivery system that can exert a stronger therapeutic effect on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury.
Computational approaches were used to identify key exosomal miRNAs and their downstream mRNAs that are expressed in the inflammatory response. Direct interactions between miRNA-181a and the c-Fos mRNA complex were confirmed by luciferase reporter assay. MSC-EXO carrying miRNA-181a-overexpressing lentiviruses were intramyocardially injected into a mouse model of myocardial I/R injury. I/R progression was evaluated through echocardiography and immunofluorescence microscopy.
miRNA-181a provided substantial coverage against a host of immune-related genes through the miRNA-mRNA network. miRNA-181a delivery by MSC-EXO combined the immune-suppressing effect of miRNA-181a and the cell targeting capability of MSC-EXO to exert a stronger therapeutic effect on myocardium I/R injury.
We showed the potential of MSC-EXO as a tool for the specific delivery of small RNAs in vivo. This study shed new light on the potential application of miRNA-181a-overexpressing MSC-EXO as a therapeutic strategy for myocardial I/R injury.
The interface, referred to as the boundary between two phases, has been demonstrated to play a critical role in catalysis. Fundamental understanding of interfacial phenomena occurring in catalysis ...will favor the rational design of high-performance catalysts. With the thriving of nanoscience, the nanointerface has also received tremendous attention in nanocatalysis. In this review, we focus on the recent advances in the delicate design and the fine control of various complex nanomaterials with well-defined interfaces based on progress in nano-synthetic methodologies, including metal-metal oxide, metal-metal, metal-non-oxide and metal in confined spaces. Then the challenging issues in the synthetic control of a nanointerface, based on the authors' experiences, are discussed. Finally, the prospects and outlooks for engineering nanointerfaces for nanocatalysis towards renewable energy are presented.
We focus on recent advances in the delicate design of well-defined nanointerfaces to promote nanocatalysis towards renewable energy.
Highly active and robust eletcrocatalysts based on earth-abundant elements are desirable to generate hydrogen and oxygen as fuels from water sustainably to replace noble metal materials. Here we ...report an approach to synthesize porous hybrid nanostructures combining amorphous nickel-cobalt complexes with 1T phase molybdenum disulfide (MoS
) via hydrazine-induced phase transformation for water splitting. The hybrid nanostructures exhibit overpotentials of 70 mV for hydrogen evolution and 235 mV for oxygen evolution at 10 mA cm
with long-term stability, which have superior kinetics for hydrogen- and oxygen-evolution with Tafel slope values of 38.1 and 45.7 mV dec
. Moreover, we achieve 10 mA cm
at a low voltage of 1.44 V for 48 h in basic media for overall water splitting. We propose that such performance is likely due to the complete transformation of MoS
to metallic 1T phase, high porosity and stabilization effect of nickel-cobalt complexes on 1T phase MoS
.
Signalized intersections play an important role in transportation efficiency and vehicle fuel economy in urban areas. This paper proposes a cooperative method of traffic signal control and vehicle ...speed optimization for connected automated vehicles, which optimizes the traffic signal timing and vehicles' speed trajectories at the same time. The method consists of two levels, i.e., roadside traffic signal optimization and onboard vehicle speed control. The former calculates the optimal traffic signal timing and vehicles' arrival time to minimize the total travel time of all vehicles; the latter optimizes the engine power and brake force to minimize the fuel consumption of individual vehicles. The enumeration method and the pseudospectral method are applied in roadside and onboard optimization, respectively. Simulation studies are conducted to compare the proposed method with benchmark methods. The results show significant improvement of transportation efficiency and fuel economy by the cooperation method.
•Functionalized phosphonium-based ILs (FPBILs) were synthesized by a simple method.•For the first time the FPBILs were used as catalysts for cycloaddition reaction.•The FPBILs show high catalytic ...activity and selectivity under mild conditions.•The structure of FPBILs has an influence on catalytic activity.
A series of novel functionalized phosphonium-based ionic liquids (FPBILs) were synthesized by a simple method, and first evaluated as catalysts for the synthesis of cyclic carbonates through the cycloaddition of CO2 to epoxides in the absence of co-catalyst and solvent. The FPBILs perform well in the cycloaddition reaction, especially the carboxyl-functionalized one. Over Ph3PC2H4COOHBr, the yield of propylene carbonate is 97.3% (TOF=64.9h−1) at 130°C and 2.5MPa in 3h. The synergistic effects of polarization induced by hydrogen bonding and nucleophilic attack of Br−anion account for the excellent performance. Furthermore, the FPBILs with moderate methylene chain length show superior catalytic activity. It is because they have both strong acidity and weak electrostatic interaction between phosphonium cation and halide anion. The strong acidity facilitates the ring-opening of epoxyl, and the weak electrostatic interaction enhances the nucleophilic attack capability of Br−. It is envisaged that the metal- and solvent-free process has high potential for the catalytic conversion of CO2 into value-added chemicals.
Multidimensional nano‐heterostructures (NHSs) that have unique dimensionality‐dependent integrative and synergic effects are intriguing but still underdeveloped. Here, we report the first helical ...1D/2D epitaxial NHS between CdS and ZnIn2S4. Experimental and theoretical studies reveal that the mismatches in lattice and dangling bonds between 1D and 2D units govern the growth procedure. The resulting well‐defined interface induces the delocalized interface states, thus facilitate the charge transfer and enhance the performance in the photoelectrochemical cells. We foresee that the mechanistic insights gained and the electronic structures revealed would inspire the design of more complex 1D/2D NHSs with outstanding functionalities.
Rotate and connect! The shape evolution of a helical 1D/2D semiconductor nano‐heterostructure (NHS) consisting of CdS and ZnIn2S4 is demonstrated. This NHS exhibits enhanced performance in photoelectrochemical cells, which is explained by the interface electronic states and the tailored band alignment.
In many real-world engineering applications, a uniform design needs to be conducted in a constrained experimental domain that includes linear/nonlinear and inequality/equality constraints. In ...general, these constraints make the constrained experimental domain small and irregular in the decision space. Therefore, it is difficult for current methods to produce a predefined number of samples and make the samples distribute uniformly in the constrained experimental domain. This paper presents a two-phase differential evolution for uniform designs in constrained experimental domains. In the first phase, considering the constraint violation as the fitness function, a clustering DE is proposed to guide the population toward the constrained experimental domain from different directions promptly. As a result, a predefined number of samples can be obtained in the constrained experimental domain. In the second phase, maximizing the minimum Euclidean distance among samples is treated as another fitness function. By optimizing this fitness function, the samples produced in the first phase can be scattered uniformly in the constrained experimental domain. The performance of the proposed method has been tested and compared with another state-of-the-art method. Experimental results suggest that our method is significantly better than the compared method in the uniform designs of a new type of automotive crash box and five benchmark test problems. Moreover, the proposed method could be considered as a general and promising framework for other uniform designs in constrained experimental domains.
The association between composite dietary antioxidant index (CDAI) and hypertension remains unknown. Our study was to investigate the association of CDAI with hypertension in general adults.
A total ...of 21 526 participants were enrolled from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES). The CDAI was calculated from the intake of six dietary antioxidants. Multivariable logistic regressions were performed to explore the associations between CDAI and the prevalence of hypertension. Non-linear correlations were explored using restricted cubic splines. And the inflection point was determined by the two-piecewise linear regression.
In the multivariate logistic regression model with full adjustment for confounding variables, the odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of CDAI associating with hypertension was 0.98 (0.97-1.00; P = .016). Besides, compared to the lowest quartile, the highest quartile of CDAI was associated with a lower risk of hypertension (0.81 0.70-0.94; P = .006). Furthermore, a linear association was found by restricted cubic spline, with 3.4 being the turning point.
Our study highlighted a negative linear association between CDAI and hypertension in general adults.
•Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have been confirmed to reduce the rate of rehospitalization for heart failure and cardiovascular death in diabetic patients.•We found that ...empagliflozin could inhibit cardiomyocyte apoptosis and improve cardiac remodeling early MI.•Our work laid the groundwork for future therapeutic strategies of empagliflozin on MI patients.
Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have been confirmed to reduce the rate of rehospitalization for heart failure and cardiovascular death in diabetic patients. The aim of our study was to investigate the cardioprotective role of SGLT2 inhibitors in early myocardial infarction (MI) of non-diabetic mice.
C57BL/6 mice underwent left artery coronary artery descending (LAD) ligation to induce MI. Following the surgery, animals were randomized to receive saline or empagliflozin. Empagliflozin (EMPA) was administrated at 10 mg/kg per day by oral gavage for 2 weeks. Echocardiography, histological staining and qualitative RT-PCR were performed to assess the cardiac remodeling post MI. In vitro experiments were performed to evaluate the effect of empagliflozin on apoptosis, oxidative stress and mitochondrial membrane potential of cardiomyocyte subjected to hypoxic treatment.
Compared with MI group, the empagliflozin treatment group showed improved cardiac function, reduced infarct size and interstitial fibrosis. Empagliflozin also inhibited cardiomyocyte apoptosis by alleviating oxidative stress and restoring mitochondrial membrane potential. Immunoblotting analysis revealed activated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling may mediated the cardioprotective role of empagliflozin.
In summary, empagliflozin could inhibit cardiomyocyte apoptosis and improve cardiac remodeling early MI, which provided insights into the benefic effect of empagliflozin on MI patients without diabetes.
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