The suspended particulate matter (SPM) in Changjiang Estuary is characterized by a high concentration of significant diurnal dynamics. With a higher temporal resolution (eight images obtained per ...day), Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) was selected as the primary remote sensor for the dynamics monitoring in this paper, instead of other satellite sensor working in polar orbit. Based on the characteristics of the field spectra measured in the estuary, an empirical model was established with the band ratio of R
745 divided by R
490 and proven effective in Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) estimation (R² = 0.9376, RMSE = 89.32 mg/L). While, Validation results showed that the model performed better in coastal turbid waters than offshore clear waters with higher chlorophyll-a concentration, stressing the importance of partitioning SPM into its major components and doing separate analysis. The hourly observations from GOCI showed that the diurnal variation magnitudes exhibited clear regional characteristics, with a maximum in the turbidity belt near the mouth and a minimum in the offshore deeper areas. In addition, comparing the monthly averaged SPM distribution with the amount of sediment discharged into the estuary, the variation in estuarine turbidity maximum zone is more likely contributed by the sediments resuspended from the sea bed that has already accumulated in the estuarine delta.
Quality patient care requires comprehensive health care data from a broad set of sources. However, missing data in medical records and matching field selection are 2 real-world challenges in ...patient-record linkage. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the extent to which incorporating the missing at random (MAR)–assumption in the Fellegi-Sunter model and using data-driven selected fields improve patient-matching accuracy using real-world use cases. We adapted the Fellegi-Sunter model to accommodate missing data using the MAR assumption and compared the adaptation to the common strategy of treating missing values as disagreement with matching fields specified by experts or selected by data-driven methods. We used 4 use cases, each containing a random sample of record pairs with match statuses ascertained by manual reviews. Use cases included health information exchange (HIE) record deduplication, linkage of public health registry records to HIE, linkage of Social Security Death Master File records to HIE, and deduplication of newborn screening records, which represent real-world clinical and public health scenarios. Matching performance was evaluated using the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and F1-score. Incorporating the MAR assumption in the Fellegi-Sunter model maintained or improved F1-scores, regardless of whether matching fields were expert-specified or selected by data-driven methods. Combining the MAR assumption and data-driven fields optimized the F1-scores in the 4 use cases. MAR is a reasonable assumption in real-world record linkage applications: it maintains or improves F1-scores regardless of whether matching fields are expert-specified or data-driven. Data-driven selection of fields coupled with MAR achieves the best overall performance, which can be especially useful in privacy-preserving record linkage.
Abstract Background Alterations in the ALK (anaplastic lymphoma kinase) gene play a critical role in pathogenesis of anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL). Crizotinib is a small molecule competitive ...inhibitor of ALK, ROS1, and MET kinases and was approved for pediatric patients with ALK‐positive relapsed or refractory, systemic ALCL, and ALK‐positive unresectable, recurrent, or refractory inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMT). Procedure Crizotinib data from pediatric patients with relapsed or refractory solid tumors, IMT, or ALCL were included in the analyses. All patients received crizotinib orally at doses ranging from 100 to 365 mg/m 2 twice daily (BID). PopPK analyses were conducted to characterize crizotinib disposition in pediatric patients. Exposure–response (ER) safety and antitumor analyses were conducted to characterize relationships between crizotinib dose or exposure with safety and antitumor activity endpoints of interest. Results The population pharmacokinetic (popPK), ER safety, and ER antitumor analysis included 98, 110, and 36 pediatric patients, respectively. A one‐compartment pharmacokinetic model with allometric scaling, first‐order elimination, and first‐order absorption with lag time adequately described the data. Natural log‐transformed model‐predicted crizotinib AUC ss (steady‐state area under the concentration–time curve) demonstrated a significant, positive relationship with Grade ≥3 NEUTROPENIA and Any Grade VISION DISORDER. Crizotinib dose demonstrated a positive relationship with objective response rate. Conclusions No significant differences in PK were identified across a wide range of ages or across tumor types, suggesting body surface area (BSA)‐based dosing adequately adjusted for differences in patient size to achieve similar systemic crizotinib exposures across young children and adolescent pediatric patients. None of the myelosuppressive events except Grade ≥3 NEUTROPENIA had significant relationships identified with crizotinib dose or exposure, suggesting crizotinib is a tolerable treatment with less hematological toxicity than traditional chemotherapy regimens for pediatric patients with ALK‐mutated cancers. Results from the presented analyses support the pediatric dosing recommendations in the product label.
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are severe ecological disasters threatening aquatic systems throughout the World, which necessitate scientific efforts in detecting and monitoring them. Compared with ...traditional in situ point observations, satellite remote sensing is considered as a promising technique for studying HABs due to its advantages of large-scale, real-time, and long-term monitoring. The present review summarizes the suitability of current satellite data sources and different algorithms for detecting HABs. It also discusses the spatial scale issue of HABs. Based on the major problems identified from previous literature, including the unsystematic understanding of HABs, the insufficient incorporation of satellite remote sensing, and a lack of multiple oceanographic explanations of the mechanisms causing HABs, this review also attempts to provide a comprehensive understanding of the complicated mechanism of HABs impacted by multiple oceanographic factors. A potential synthesized framework can be established by combining multiple accessible satellite remote sensing approaches including visual interpretation, spectra analysis, parameters retrieval and spatial-temporal pattern analysis. This framework aims to lead to a systematic and comprehensive monitoring of HABs based on satellite remote sensing from multiple oceanographic perspectives.
Seafloor observatories enable real-time, continuous and long-term observations that promise major breakthroughs in ocean sciences. The effort to dynamically control in situ sensor systems performing ...individual and cooperative observation tasks is both a challenge and a guarantee for the stable operations of functional observatories. However, current sensor control systems for seafloor observatories are application-oriented and focus on specific engineering requirements rather than general model research. In this paper, a sensor control model was proposed to provide a theoretical specification for designing, developing and deploying a sensor control system for cabled seafloor observatories. The model abstracted the sensor control as a standardized bidirectional information flow process and accordingly structured the control system into the application layer, the service layer, the networking layer, and the sensing layer. The layered functions and interactions between adjacent layers in return realized this information process. A prototype control system was designed and developed, the monitoring architecture of which was derived from one of the deployment scenarios of the sensor control model. The prototype system was tested for its plug-and-play enablement through a series of trials such as tank tests and shallow sea trials. It was put into service for the operational Xiaoqushan Seafloor Observatory and was consistently functioning and presenting satisfactory practical performance in accordance with all the requirements laid for the project.
We report here the case of a 50-year-old man who was first diagnosed with myelodysplastic syndrome with excess blasts-2 (MDS-EB-2) and underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation ...(allo-HSCT) in 2019, resulting in complete remission. However, he was diagnosed in 2021 with several autoimmune disorders, including autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), and autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA). This is referred as multiple autoimmune syndrome (MAS), which is a rare occurrence after allo-HSCT, as previously noted in the literature. Despite being treated with glucocorticoids, cyclosporine A, and other medications, the patient did not fully recover. To address the glucocorticoid-refractory MAS, a four-week course of rituximab (RTX) at a weekly dose of 100mg was administered, which significantly improved the patient's condition. Thus, this case report underscores the importance of implementing alternative treatments in patients with post-transplant autoimmune diseases, who are glucocorticoid-refractory or glucocorticoid-dependent, and highlights the effectiveness of RTX as second-line therapy.
Abstract
Negative capacitance effect in ferroelectric materials provides a solution to the energy dissipation problem induced by Boltzmann distribution of electrons in conventional electronics. Here, ...we discover that besides ferroelectrics, the antiferroelectrics based on Landau switches also have intrinsic negative capacitance effect. We report both the static and transient negative capacitance effect in antiferroelectric PbZrO
3
films and reveal its possible physical origin. The capacitance of the capacitor of the PbZrO
3
and paraelectric heterostructure is demonstrated to be larger than that of the isolated paraelectric capacitor at room temperature, indicating the existence of the static negative capacitance. The opposite variation trends of the voltage and charge transients in a circuit of the PbZrO
3
capacitor in series with an external resistor demonstrate the existence of transient negative capacitance effect. Strikingly, four negative capacitance effects are observed in the antiferroelectric system during one cycle scan of voltage pulses, different from the ferroelectric counterpart with two negative capacitance effects. The polarization vector mapping, electric field and free energy analysis reveal the rich local regions of negative capacitance effect with the negative d
P
/d
E
and (
δ
2
G
)⁄(δD
2
), producing stronger negative capacitance effect. The observation of negative capacitance effect in antiferroelectric films significantly extends the range of its potential application and reduces the power dissipation further.
Accurate peripheral markers for the diagnosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) are lacking. We measured the differential expression of select microRNAs (miRNAs) in plasma and bile among ...patients with PDAC, chronic pancreatitis (CP), and controls.
We identified patients (n=215) with treatment-naive PDAC (n=77), CP with bile/pancreatic duct pathology (n=67), and controls (n=71) who had been prospectively enrolled in a Pancreatobiliary Biorepository at the time of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography or endoscopic ultrasound. Controls were patients with choledocholithiasis but normal pancreata. The sample was separated into training (n=95) and validation (n=120) cohorts to establish and then test the performance of PDAC Signature Panels in diagnosing PDAC. The training cohort (n=95) included age-matched patients with PDAC, CP, and controls. Panels were derived from the differential expression of 10 candidate miRNAs in plasma or bile. We selected miRNAs having excellent accuracy for inclusion in regression models.
Using the training cohort, we confirmed the differential expression of 9/10 miRNAs in plasma (miR-10b, -30c, -106b, -132, -155, -181a, -181b, -196a, and -212) and 7/10 in bile (excluding miR-21, -132, and -181b). Of these, five (miR-10b, -155, -106b, -30c, and -212) had excellent accuracy for distinguishing PDAC. In the training and validation cohorts, the sensitivity/specificity for a PDAC Panel derived from plasma was 95/100% and 100/100%, respectively; in bile, these were 96/100% and 100/100%.
Increased expression of miRNA-10b, -155, and -106b in plasma appears highly accurate in diagnosing PDAC. Additional studies are needed to confirm this Panel and explore its value as a prognostic test.
With the construction and deployment of seafloor observatories around the world, massive amounts of oceanographic measurement data were gathered and transmitted to data centers. The increase in the ...amount of observed data not only provides support for marine scientific research but also raises the requirements for data quality control, as scientists must ensure that their research outcomes come from high-quality data. In this paper, we first analyzed and defined data quality problems occurring in the East China Sea Seafloor Observatory System (ECSSOS). We then proposed a method to detect and repair the data quality problems of seafloor observatories. Incorporating data statistics and expert knowledge from domain specialists, the proposed method consists of three parts: a general pretest to preprocess data and provide a router for further processing, data outlier detection methods to label suspect data points, and a data interpolation method to fill up missing and suspect data. The autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model was improved and applied to seafloor observatory data quality control by using a sliding window and cleaning the input modeling data. Furthermore, a quality control flag system was also proposed and applied to describe data quality control results and processing procedure information. The real observed data in ECSSOS were used to implement and test the proposed method. The results demonstrated that the proposed method performed effectively at detecting and repairing data quality problems for seafloor observatory data.
Since the outbreak of COVID-19 in December 2019, countries around the world, including China, have been administering COVID-19 vaccines in response to the pandemic. Our center has observed that ...treating patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) has become more challenging in this context.
This study compared the treatment response of 25
ITP patients who had received a COVID-19 vaccination (Group 1) with an equal number of
ITP patients randomly selected from the 2 years prior to the COVID-19 pandemic (Group 2) by using the Mann-Whitney
test and Fisher's exact.
Patients in both groups had predominantly female gender with similar age and baseline platelet counts. However, on Day 3, the median platelets were 22 and 49 × 10
/L, and on Day 7, they were 74 and 159 × 10
/L, respectively (
< 0.05). Compared to Group 2, Group 1 showed a suboptimal short-term response to glucocorticoid monotherapy, with a higher proportion of patients requiring combination therapy with other drugs including intravenous immunoglobulin, thrombopoietin receptor agonists, and rituximab. After subgroup analysis, a significant difference was observed in the proportion of patients requiring second-line therapy between the two groups.
Our study suggests that COVID-19 vaccination may lead to a lower response rate to first-line treatment in
ITP patients. Nevertheless, it is crucial to acknowledge the inherent limitations in this conclusion. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings and investigate the underlying mechanisms.
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