•Developed a finite element model for simulating localized corrosion on pipelines.•Simulated the stress distribution at corrosion defects on pipelines.•Simulated corrosion potential and corrosion ...current density at defects.•Determined the mechanoelectrochemical effect of pipeline corrosion.
In this work, a finite element model was developed to study mechanoelectrochemical effect of pipeline corrosion through a multiphysics field coupling technique. The modeling results, i.e., corrosion potential and corrosion current density, are well consistent with experimental measurements on pipeline steel in a near-neutral pH solution. It is demonstrated that, while a tensile strain enhances stress uniformly through pipe wall, an increasing depth of corrosion defect results in a concentrated stress at the defect center only. When the corrosion defect is under an elastic deformation, there is no apparent effect of mechanical–electrochemical interaction on corrosion. However, when the applied tensile strain or the geometry of corrosion defect is sufficient to cause a plastic deformation at the defect, the local corrosion activity is increased remarkably. Corrosion at the defect is composed of a series of local galvanic cells, where the region with a higher stress, such as the defect bottom, serves as anode, and that under lower stress, such as the defect sides, as cathode. The locally accelerated corrosion at the defect center can be further enhanced as the corrosion defect deepens.
Insomnia disorder (ID) is a persistent difficulty sleeping, often accompanied by anxiety and depression, which seriously reduces a person's quality of life. Dietary changes in insomnia patients have ...been a concern. To explore the rationality of diet in patients with ID and its correlation with insomnia in ID patients.
This study included 216 patients diagnosed with ID and 197 individuals as the healthy control (HC) group who attended the neurology outpatient clinic or sleep clinic at Henan Provincial People's Hospital between September 2018 and November 2019. Through the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), and Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), sleep and mental conditions were assessed in the ID and HC groups. The dietary intake structure of both groups was observed using the food frequency table. Meanwhile, the relationship between dietary intake and sleep quality was analyzed based on the logistics regression.
Individuals in the ID group had significantly higher age, weight, and body mass index compared to the HC group (p<0.01). Individuals within the ID category demonstrated a heightened daily consumption of carbohydrates, grains, tubers, and legumes relative to the healthy control group. In contrast, the intake levels of vegetables, fruits, and nuts were diminished compared to the HC group, with this difference being statistically significant (p<0.01). A positive correlation was observed between the daily consumption of grains, tubers, and legumes and PSQI scores. Conversely, a negative association was found between daily consumption of vegetables and fruits.
ID patients exhibit an elevated intake of carbohydrates, whereas the consumption of vegetables, fruits, and nuts is deficient in comparison to the healthy cohort, implying that a distorted dietary structure might be a contributing factor to ID onset. Sensible and scientific dietary guidance is of considerable significance in preventing the onset of ID and facilitating its management. However, the derived conclusions warrant further extensive research.
Advanced persistent threat (APT) is a serious threat to the Internet. With the aid of APT malware, attackers can remotely control infected machines and steal sensitive information. DNS is popular for ...malware to locate command and control (C&C) servers. In this paper, we propose a novel system placed at the network egress point that aims to efficiently and effectively detect APT malware infections based on malicious DNS and traffic analysis. The system uses malicious DNS analysis techniques to detect suspicious APT malware C&C domains, and then analyzes the traffic of the corresponding suspicious IP using the signature-based and anomaly based detection technology. We extracted 14 features based on big data to characterize different properties of malware-related DNS and the ways that they are queried, and we also defined network traffic features that can identify the traffic of compromised clients that have remotely been controlled. We built a reputation engine to compute a reputation score for an IP address using these features vector together. Our experiment was performed at a large local institute network for two months, and all the features were studied with big data, which includes ~400 million DNS queries. Our security approach cannot only substantially reduce the volume of network traffic that needs to be recorded and analyzed but also improve the sustainability of the system.
The intrinsic magnetic topological insulatorMnBi2Te4exhibits rich topological effects such as quantum anomalous Hall effect and axion electrodynamics. Here, by combining the use of synchrotron and ...laser light sources, we carry out comprehensive and high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy studies onMnBi2Te4and clearly identify its topological electronic structure. In contrast to theoretical predictions and previous studies, we observe topological surface states with diminished gap forming a characteristic Dirac cone. We argue that the topological surface states are mediated by multidomains of different magnetization orientations. In addition, the temperature evolution of the energy bands clearly reveals their interplay with the magnetic phase transition by showing interesting differences between the bulk and surface states, respectively. The investigation of the detailed electronic structure ofMnBi2Te4and its temperature evolution provides important insight into not only the exotic properties ofMnBi2Te4, but also the generic understanding of the interplay between magnetism and topological electronic structure in magnetic topological quantum materials.
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•Manchusused a cross-ethnic strategy to rule China where Han elites were appointed to handle daily tasks andManchu superiors were assigned for oversight.•Higher governance complexityled to a higher ...likelihoodof cross-ethnic arrangements.•Cross-ethnic assignments were more frequent in regions where Han elitesaccumulatedmore discretionary power.•Cross-ethnic assignments wereassociated with better local economic development, more efficient policy execution, and enhanced recognition of imperialauthority.
This paper examines how a million Manchus, as a dominant minority, partly relied on a cross-ethnic personnel strategy to rule over 100 million Han Chinese for 267 years. Under this strategy, Han elites were appointed to handle daily administrative issues, on top of whom Manchu superiors were assigned for oversight. We find that more frequent local extreme weather – a proxy for governance complexity – led to higher likelihood of such cross-ethnic arrangements. This link is stronger in regions where Han elites accumulated more discretionary power. Moreover, the cross-ethnic strategy was associated with better local economic development, more efficient policy execution, and enhanced recognition of imperial authority.
Growing evidence indicates that inflammation has a crucial role in the development and progression of cancer. We developed a novel systemic inflammation score (SIS) based on preoperative serum ...albumin and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), and examined its prognostic value for patients with clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) after surgery.
The study comprised 441 ccRCC patients undergoing nephrectomy between 2008 and 2009 in a single centre. The SIS was developed and its associations with clinicopathological features and overall survival (OS) were evaluated.
The SIS consisted of serum albumin and LMR that were both retained as independent indicators adjusting for other haematological and laboratory markers of systemic inflammation responses and traditional clinicopathological features. A high SIS was significantly associated with aggressive tumour behaviours and served as an independent prognostic factor of reduced OS. Furthermore, the SIS could significantly stratify patient prognosis in different tumour stages and Mayo Clinic stage, size, grade and necrosis scores. Incorporation of the SIS into a prognostic model including TNM stage, Fuhrman grade and lymphovascular invasion generated a nomogram, which predicted accurately 3- and 5-year survival for ccRCC patients.
The SIS as a potentially powerful prognostic biomarker might improve traditional clinicopathological analysis to refine clinical outcome prediction for ccRCC patients after surgery.
Our previous study revealed that microRNA-125a-5p plays a crucial role in regulating hepatic glycolipid metabolism by targeting STAT3 in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Dioscin, a major active ...ingredient in Dioscoreae nipponicae rhizomes, displays various pharmacological activities, but its role in T2DM has not been reported.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dioscin on T2DM and elucidate its potential mechanism.
The effect of dioscin on glycolipid metabolic disorder in insulin-induced HepG2 cells, palmitic acid-induced AML12 cells, high-fat diet- and streptozotocin- induced T2DM rats, and spontaneous T2DM KK-Ay mice were evaluated. Then, the possible mechanisms of dioscin were comprehensively evaluated.
Dioscin markedly alleviated the dysregulation of glycolipid metabolism in T2DM by reducing hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia, improving insulin resistance, increasing hepatic glycogen content, and attenuating lipid accumulation. When the mechanism was investigated, dioscin was found to markedly elevate miR-125a-5p level and decrease STAT3 expression. Consequently, dioscin increased phosphorylation levels of STAT3, PI3K, AKT, GSK-3β, and FoxO1 and decreased gene levels of PEPCK, G6Pase, SREBP-1c, FAS, ACC, and SCD1, leading to an increase in glycogen synthesis and a decrease in gluconeogenesis and lipogenesis. The effects of dioscin on regulating miR-125a-5p/STAT3 pathway were verified by miR-125a-5p overexpression and STAT3 overexpression.
Dioscin showed potent anti-T2DM activity by improving the inhibitory effect of miR-125a-5p on STAT3 signaling to alleviate glycolipid metabolic disorder of T2DM.
The formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) from the oxidation ofβ-pinene via nitrate radicals is investigated in the Georgia Tech Environmental Chamber (GTEC) facility. Aerosol yields are ...determined for experiments performed under both dry (relative humidity (RH) < 2 %) and humid (RH = 50 % and RH = 70 %) conditions. To probe the effects of peroxy radical (RO2) fate on aerosol formation, “RO2+NO3 dominant” and “RO2+HO2 dominant” experiments are performed. Gas-phase organic nitrate species (with molecular weights of 215, 229, 231, and 245 amu, which likely correspond to molecular formulas of C10H17NO4, C10H15NO5, C10H17NO5, and C10H15NO6, respectively) are detected by chemical ionization mass spectrometry (CIMS) and their formation mechanisms are proposed. The NO+ (at m/z 30) and NO2+ (atm/z 46) ions contribute about 11 % to the combined organics and nitrate signals in the typical aerosol mass spectrum, with the NO+ : NO2+ ratio ranging from 4.8 to 10.2 in all experiments conducted. The SOA yields in the “RO2+NO3 dominant” and “RO2+HO2 dominant” experiments are comparable. For a wide range of organic mass loadings (5.1–216.1 µg m-3), the aerosol mass yield is calculated to be 27.0–104.1 %. Although humidity does not appear to affect SOA yields, there is evidence of particle-phase hydrolysis of organic nitrates, which are estimated to compose 45–74 % of the organic aerosol. The extent of organic nitrate hydrolysis is significantly lower than that observed in previous studies on photooxidation of volatile organic compounds in the presence of NOx. It is estimated that about 90 and 10 % of the organic nitrates formed from the β-pinene+NO3 reaction are primary organic nitrates and tertiary organic nitrates, respectively. While the primary organic nitrates do not appear to hydrolyze, the tertiary organic nitrates undergo hydrolysis with a lifetime of 3–4.5 h. Results from this laboratory chamber study provide the fundamental data to evaluate the contributions of monoterpene+NO3 reaction to ambient organic aerosol measured in the southeastern United States, including the Southern Oxidant and Aerosol Study (SOAS) and the Southeastern Center for Air Pollution and Epidemiology (SCAPE) study.
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