•Two diamictites units are recognized on the western margin of Cathaysia Block, and correlate with the global Sturtian and Marinoan glaciations.•Late Tonian, middle Cryogenian and early Ediacaran ...siliciclastic rocks overlying the Cathaysia Block were derived from sources external to South China.•The Cathaysia Block was linked to North India before 720 Ma.
Neoproterozoic paleogeography of the Cathaysia Block of South China is directly linked to the formation of Rodinia, its break-up, and the subsequent amalgamation of Gondwana. Two diamictite units occur in the Neoproterozoic sedimentary successions on the western margin of Cathaysia Block. In combination with our detrital zircon U-Pb dating results and corrected chemical weathering index data (CIAcorr), these units coincide with the global Sturtian and Marinoan glaciations. Late Tonian to early Ediacaran sedimentary rocks from western Cathaysia contain abundant late Mesoproterozoic to early Neoproterozoic (1150–870 Ma) and some mid-Neoproterozoic (800–720) detrital zircons. Paleocurrent data indicate sediment transport to the northwest. The timing and character of the ages of detrital zircons match the records of North India and East Antarctica, indicating that the Cathaysia Block received detritus from Gondwana. Thus, South China lay adjacent to northern Gondwana since at least 720 Ma, and possibly considerably earlier.
Resveratrol, curcumin, and quercetin are the secondary metabolites from medicinal food homology plants, that have been proven their potency in cancer treatment. However, the antitumor effect of a ...single component is weak. So, herein, we designed an antitumor compound named RCQ composed of resveratrol, curcumin, and quercetin. This study examined the effect on tumorigenesis and development of 4T1 breast cancer-bearing mice following administering RCQ by intragastric administration. RCQ increased the recruitment of T cells and reduced the accumulation of neutrophils and macrophages in the tumor microenvironment. Meanwhile, RCQ suppressed the development of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes into immunosuppressive cell subpopulations, including CD4+ T cells to T helper Type 2 type (Th2), tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) to the N2 TANs, and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) cells to M2 TAMs. RCQ reversed the predominance of immunosuppressive infiltrating cells in the tumor microenvironment and tipped the immune balance toward an immune activation state. In vitro the study showed that RCQ significantly increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), reduce mitochondrial membrane potentials in cancer cells, and modulate pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members. In conclusion, RCQ can promote the ROS apoptosis mechanism of tumor cells and alleviate immunosuppression of the tumor microenvironment to enhance the anti-tumor effect.
Alcohol consumption increases the risk of gastritis and gastric ulcer. Nutritional alternatives are considered for relieving the progression of gastric mucosal lesions instead of conventional drugs ...that produce side effects. This study was designed to evaluate the gastroprotective effects and investigate the defensive mechanisms of wheat peptides against ethanol-induced acute gastric mucosal injury in rats. Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into six groups and orally treated with wheat peptides (0.1, 0.2, 0.4 g/kgbw) and omeprazole (20 mg/kgbw) for 4 weeks, following absolute ethanol administration for 1 h. Pretreatment with wheat peptides obviously enhanced the vasodilation of gastric mucosal blood vessels via improving the gastric mucosal blood flow and elevating the defensive factors nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and lowering the level of vasoconstrictor factor endothelin (ET)-1. Wheat peptides exhibited anti-inflammatory reaction through decreasing inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and increasing trefoil factor 1 (TFF1) levels. Moreover, wheat peptides significantly down-regulated the expression of phosphorylated nuclear factor kappa-B (p-NF-κB) p65 proteins in the NF-κB signaling pathway. Altogether, wheat peptides protect gastric mucosa from ethanol-induced lesions in rats via improving the gastric microcirculation and inhibiting inflammation mediated by the NF-κB signaling transduction pathway.
•Mafic and intermediate rocks together with overlying tuff and carbonate rocks from the Yingyangguan Group, western Cathaysia Block, are dated at 750 Ma and 670–660 Ma, respectively.•The volcanic and ...volcaniclastic rocks experienced varying degrees of crustal contamination, accompanied by assimilation and fractional crystallization, and originated from older, subduction – modified, lithospheric mantle sources.•The mid-late Neoproterozoic volcaniclastic rock, argillaceous limestone and sandstone samples were derived from sources external to South China, which requires that the Cathaysia Block was accreted to North India from at least 750 Ma.•The tectonic setting of central and eastern South China transformed from an overall convergent plate margin setting into a stable within-plate siliciclastic depositional environment at ca. 750 Ma.
The tectonic affinity of mid - late Neoproterozoic magmatism in the South China Block provides a first order constraint on its role in the break-up of Rodinia and the subsequent amalgamation of Gondwana. The Yingyangguan area in the western margin of Cathaysia Block preserves a magmatic and sedimentary record of this period. U-Pb zircon age data indicate magmatism at around 750 Ma, followed by accumulation of a succession of tuff and carbonate rocks at ca. 670–660 Ma. All samples show evidence for ductile deformation and metamorphism. The geochemical characteristics of mid-Neoproterozoic mafic and intermediate rocks suggest crustal assimilation and fractional crystallization play an important role in magma evolution, and they were derived from a source dominated by modified lithospheric mantle sources previously metasomatized by slab-derived fluids. Analyzed samples, as well as contemporaneous mafic rocks in neighboring areas, have high Zr/Y ratios, and plot in the within-plate basalt field at ca. 750 Ma. In addition, zircons with ages between 1200 and 950 Ma and 850–770 Ma mostly fall within the arc-related field on discriminating diagrams based on zircon trace-element compositions, whereas, most ca. 750 Ma and 700–600 Ma zircons plot in the within-plate field. This evolving tectonic record of magmatic activity suggests a transformation from a convergent plate margin setting on the periphery of Rodinia to one involving within plate extension at ca. 750 Ma. Furthermore, the detrital zircons from samples of the Yingyangguan Group present abundant late Mesoproterozoic to early Neoproterozoic (1200–950 Ma) ages. These ages match the record of North India and Indo-Antarctica, and imply a peripheral setting for South China with respect to the supercontinent and most likely adjacent to India from at least 750 Ma. Thus, we suggest that the Yangtze Block accreted to Cathaysia on the northern margin of India in the early Neoproterozoic, and that the active plate boundaries located along the northern and western margins of South China continue to ca. 750 Ma. After this time, the tectonic setting within the South China Block transformed into a stable within-plate siliciclastic depositional environment that continued to receive detritus from East Gondwana until the early Devonian.
A multitude of biotic and abiotic stress factors do harm to plants by bringing about diseases and inhibiting normal growth and development. As a pivotal signaling molecule, salicylic acid (SA) plays ...crucial roles in plant tolerance responses to both biotic and abiotic stresses, thereby maintaining plant normal growth and improving yields under stress. In view of this, this paper mainly discusses the role of SA in both biotic and abiotic stresses of plants. SA regulates the expression of genes involved in defense signaling pathways, thus enhancing plant immunity. In addition, SA mitigates the negative effects of abiotic stresses, and acts as a signaling molecule to induce the expression of stress-responsive genes and the synthesis of stress-related proteins. In addition, SA also improves certain yield-related photosynthetic indexes, thereby enhancing crop yield under stress. On the other hand, SA acts with other signaling molecules, such as jasmonic acid (JA), auxin, ethylene (ETH), and so on, in regulating plant growth and improving tolerance under stress. This paper reviews recent advances in SA’s roles in plant stress tolerance, so as to provide theoretical references for further studies concerning the decryption of molecular mechanisms for SA’s roles and the improvement of crop management under stress.
Provenance analyses of Lower to Middle Triassic strata from the Greater Youjiang Basin along with the Permian strata of Hainan Island, provide a record of the collisional assembly of the South China ...Craton and Indochina Block and their incorporation into Asia. Detrital zircons from Lower and Middle Triassic samples show similar overall age spectra ranging from Archean to Triassic with major age groups at 300–250Ma, 480–420Ma, and 1200–900Ma, as well as at 400–300Ma in one Triassic sample. Permian siltstones from Hainan Island, to the southeast of the Greater Youjiang Basin, record different age spectra with major age groups at 400–300Ma and 530–420Ma and subordinate components at 1200–900Ma and 1900–1700Ma. These age data in combination with available paleocurrent data and regional geological relations suggest that Precambrian detrital zircons were derived from the Precambrian basement or recycled from the overlying early Paleozoic sedimentary rocks that contain Precambrian detritus. Early Paleozoic detrital zircons were derived from igneous rocks in the South China Craton. Devonian-Triassic detrital zircons in the Triassic strata were likely sourced from coeval magmatic activity related to closure of Paleo-Tethys branch ocean that lay to the southwest, whereas 400–300Ma detrital zircons in the Permian siltstones of Hainan Island were likely derived from a Paleozoic magmatic arc source that extended along the eastern-southeastern margin of China from Hainan Island to Japan in response to subduction of the Paleo-Pacific oceanic crust.
Detrital zircon, trace element, and sandstone modal data for Permo-Triassic strata from the Greater Youjiang Basin indicate that the basin evolved from a trailing-edge passive margin setting to a peripheral foreland basin during closure of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean and collision between Indochina and South China. The initiation time of the foreland basin decreases from southeast to southwest across the basin, probably reflecting oblique collision. In contrast, the Permian strata on Hainan Island record a provenance history distinct from the Greater Youjiang Basin, which is related to late Paleozoic to Mesozoic subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Plate beneath South China.
•Different source records in Hainan Island and Greater Youjiang Basin in Permian and Triassic, respectively.•Greater Youjiang Basin converted from trailing edge passive margin to peripheral foreland basin in Late Permian-Triassic•Oblique southeast to southwest between South China and Indochina blocks•Hainan Island constitute the southwest part of Paleo-Pacific Ocean subducted arc suture zone in late Paleozoic-Mesozoic
Unconformity bound Permo-Triassic successions in the Qinfang Basin, South China Craton, reflect tectonic processes associated with tectonothermal activity along the margins of the craton. The ...provenance record of these successions, based on modal analysis, geochemical composition, detrital zircon U–Pb ages, and paleocurrent data indicate derivation from the adjoining Precambrian Yunkai massif and surrounding Paleozoic sedimentary units. The quartz dominated nature of the siliciclastic units, along with their high Th/Sc and Zr/Sc ratios indicate a recycled orogen source. Detrital zircons from Late Permian to Early Triassic samples display major age groups at 1100–800Ma, 650–500Ma, 480–420Ma, with subordinate age groups at 2800–2400Ma, 1900–1600Ma and 1400–1200Ma. Late Triassic sandstones show a similar detrital zircon age pattern as well as a 300–250Ma age group. Integration of this provenance data with regional geological information suggests that the unconformity at the base of the Permian succession is related to subduction of the Paleo-Tethys ocean to the south of the craton, whereas the major driver for Triassic tectonic activity corresponds with terrane accretion and the termination of Paleo-Tethys Ocean subduction along the southwest margin of the craton.
•Establish systematic sources analysis for Qingfang Basin.•Quartz dominated and recycled orogen source for Permo-Triassic sequence in the basin.•Yunkai massif and around Paleozoic succession and igneous rocks as major sources.•Subduction/closure of the Paleo-Tethys driver the Indosinian orogenesis in the SCC
This study aims to examine the relationship between dietary inflammatory index (DII) and bone mineral density (BMD) changes among Chinese pregnant women, offering valuable insights for dietary ...guidance during pregnancy.
289 pregnant women were enrolled in this cohort. Serum inflammatory factors and ultrasonic BMD were measured at the first, second, and the third trimesters. DII scores were calculated based on a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and divided into tertiles. We compared the differences in inflammatory factors in serum across the tertiles of DII and changes in BMD at the second and third trimesters across the tertiles.
The participants with higher DII scores had higher total energy intakes than those with lower DII scores. The serum level of interleukin-6 (IL-6) was significantly different across the tertiles of the DII. Women who had lower DII scores had higher T-scores and Z-scores in the BMD assessment. In the test of trends, after adjusting potential covariates, including educational level, physical activity, body mass index, and calcium, vitamin D, or multivitamin supplements, DII values were determined to be positively related to the maternal BMD lost.
DII was positively associated with serum IL-6. Meanwhile, higher DII scores were associated with more bone mass loss in pregnant women. We recommend adhering to a lower-DII diet to preserve BMD during pregnancy.
3D Instance segmentation is a fundamental task in computer vision. Effective segmentation plays an important role in robotic tasks, augmented reality, autonomous driving, etc. With the ascendancy of ...convolutional neural networks in 2D image processing, the use of deep learning methods to segment 3D point clouds receives much attention. A great convergence of training loss often requires a large amount of human-annotated data, while making such a 3D dataset is time-consuming. This paper proposes a method for training convolutional neural networks to predict instance segmentation results using synthetic data. The proposed method is based on the SGPN framework. We replaced the original feature extractor with "dynamic graph convolutional neural networks" that learned how to extract local geometric features and proposed a simple and effective loss function, making the network more focused on hard examples. We experimentally proved that the proposed method significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art method in both Stanford 3D Indoor Semantics Dataset and our datasets.
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•The treatment of galactomannan (SP) could decrease the blood glucose and lipids in type 2 diabetes mice.•This galactomannan (SP) was able to increase insulin sensitivity in diabetic ...mice.•This galactomannan (SP) could improve the intestinal microbiota composition of diabetic mice.•This galactomannan (SP) had potential antidiabetic activity.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antidiabetic activity of galactomannan (SP) extracted from endosperm splits of Chinese Sesbania cannabina seeds based on the animal experiments and discuss the effects of SP on the regulation of intestinal microbiota in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic mice. According to the results, we found that the blood glucose and lipids in type 2 diabetes mice decreased significantly with SP treatment. SP was able to increase insulin sensitivity in diabetic mice and improve the intestinal microbiota composition of diabetic mice by the results of high throughput deep sequencing. The improvement of intestinal microbiota could play a vital role in reducing insulin resistance and blood glucose of diabetic mice. The results demonstrated that SP had ability to improve diabetic mellitus and owned the antidiabetic activity. As a consequence, SP could be a potential functional food for reducing blood glucose level and was expected to be suitable for applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
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