Myocardial infarction (MI), also known as a heart attack, is a leading cause of mortality in the world. Spatial vectorcardiogram (VCG) signals are recorded on the body surface to monitor the ...underlying cardiac electrical activities in three orthogonal directions of the body, namely, frontal, transverse, and sagittal planes. The 3-D VCG vector loops provide a new way to study the cardiac dynamical behaviors, as opposed to the conventional time-delay reconstructed phase space from a single ECG trace. However, few, if any, previous approaches studied the relationships between cardiac disorders and recurrence patterns in VCG signals. This paper presents the recurrence quantification analysis (RQA) of VCG signals in multiple wavelet scales for the identification of cardiac disorders. The linear classification models using multiscale RQA features were shown to detect MI with an average sensitivity of 96.5% and an average specificity of 75% in the randomized classification experiments of PhysioNet Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt database, which is comparable to the performance of human experts. This study is strongly indicative of potential automated MI classification algorithms for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
Since the discovery of graphene just over a decade ago, 2D materials have been a central focus of materials research and engineering because of their unique properties and potential of revealing ...intriguing new phenomena. In the past few years, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have also attracted considerable attention because of the intrinsically opened bandgap. The exceptional properties and potential applications of graphene and TMDs have inspired explosive efforts to discover novel 2D materials. Here, emerging novel 2D materials are summarized and recent progress in the preparation, characterization, and application of 2D materials is highlighted. The experimental realization methods for these materials are emphasized, while the large‐area growth and controlled patterning for industrial productions are discussed. Finally, the remaining challenges and potential applications of 2D materials are outlined.
Recent advances in the growth of novel 2D materials beyond graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides are comprehensively reviewed. The in‐depth and balanced growth methods of these novel 2D materials are presented. The daunting quest for novel 2D materials poses great potential in electronics and other applications.
We propose a paradigm to apply machine learning various databases which have emerged in the study of the string landscape. In particular, we establish neural networks as both classifiers and ...predictors and train them with a host of available data ranging from Calabi–Yau manifolds and vector bundles, to quiver representations for gauge theories, using a novel framework of recasting geometrical and physical data as pixelated images. We find that even a relatively simple neural network can learn many significant quantities to astounding accuracy in a matter of minutes and can also predict hithertofore unencountered results, whereby rendering the paradigm a valuable tool in physics as well as pure mathematics.
Asymmetric hydroxycarbonylation is one of the most fundamental yet challenging methods for the synthesis of carboxylic acids. Herein, we reported the development of a palladium‐catalyzed highly ...enantioselective Markovnikov hydroxycarbonylation of vinyl arenes with CO and water. A monodentate phosphoramidite ligand L6 plays vital role in the reaction. The reaction tolerates a range of functional groups, and provides a facile and atom‐economical approach to an array of 2‐arylpropanoic acids including several commonly used non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs. The catalytic system has also enabled an asymmetric Markovnikov hydroalkoxycarbonylation of vinyl arenes with alcohols to afford 2‐arylpropanates. Mechanistic investigations suggested that the hydropalladation is irreversible and is the regio‐ and enantiodetermining step, while hydrolysis/alcoholysis is probably the rate‐limiting step.
A Pd‐catalyzed highly enantioselective Markovnikov hydroxycarbonylation of vinyl arenes with CO and water for the synthesis of 2‐arylpropanoic acids has been developed. Several non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs including ibuprofen, naproxen, flurbiprofen, fenoprofen, and ketoprofen were synthesized in high yields and ees in gram scale.
Background General practice research should be in the hands of general practitioners (GPs) . GPs' participation in research is an important condition of development of the discipline. Compared with ...other clinical medicines, the research activities of GPs need to be enhanced. Objective Based on the perspectives and actions of GPs worldwide towards research, this study aims to investigate the driving forces and obstacles underlying the development of family medicine. Methods Rapid literature review, using PubMed data to understand opinions of international general practice colleagues. Results Over 90% GPs thought research was very important, 60% of GPs were interested in research, 30% expressed willingness to participate, 10% were actually involving research, and less than 1% of GPs published research results. In terms of attitude and ability, GPs believe that the lack of relevance between research and actual clinical practice weakens the usefulness of research; some GPs believe that research work is not part o
Low‐dimensional materials have been long sought after for their particular electromagnetic (EM) functions, with promising applications in EM wave absorbing and shielding, communicating and imaging, ...sensing and detecting, driving and actuating, etc. Herein, across the whole EM spectrum, low‐dimensional EM functional materials and devices are highly focused on. The crystal engineering and function‐guiding features addressed relate to crystal and electronic structures, EM responses and properties, energy conversion, as well as EM wave absorbing and shielding. Moreover, insight is given into this rapidly broadening field, the main challenges are proposed and future directions are predicted.
Electromagnetic response and energy conversion for functions and devices of low‐dimensional materials are systematically summarized. The crystal and electronic structures are described, and crystal engineering and function‐guiding features are highlighted. Importantly, the electromagnetic functions and devices are demonstrated with a prediction of the most prospective opportunities and directions for the future.
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