Buckypaper (BP) was prepared as efficient electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials in X-band (8.2–12.4 GHz). The EMI shielding effectiveness (SE) of 31.2 dB and a high specific SE of ...19850 dB cm2/g have been realized by BP of 35 μm thick. Notably, the absorption-dominated SE above 100 dB can be achieved by constructing multilayer structure or sandwich structure using BP and polypropylene sheet. For multilayer structure, the increment in EMI SE is contributed by absorption loss and reveals a slow decline trend on the whole with BP layers increasing. For sandwich structure, the improvement in SE is ascribed to the constructive interference, and there is a best polypropylene sheet thickness (0.32–0.48λ, λ = 25 mm) to realize the maximization of SE. In comparison with multilayer structure of the same components of BPs, the SE of sandwich structure with one and two wave-transmitting layers significantly increased by 61.5% and 90% respectively.
► Low-cost highly mesoporous activated carbons were used as electrodes for CDI. ► BET and pore structure of electrodes have an important influence on capacity. ► The electrosorption kinetics follows ...pseudo-first-order model. ► Langmuir isotherm can better describe experimental data. ► Good reproducibility in regeneration phase was achieved.
The capacitive deionization (CDI) technology using different activated carbon electrodes was investigated to desalinate. The effect of specific surface area and pore structure of the activated carbon electrodes on the amount of ions removed in CDI was demonstrated. A highly mesoporous activated carbon (ACk2) was chosen to study desalination performance in detail. It is found that the electrosorption kinetics follows pseudo-first-order model. The electrosorption isotherm investigation shows that Langmuir isotherm can better describe experimental data. The maximum electrosorption capacity (qm) of the ACk2 electrode decreases from 10.9 to 9.4mg/g when solution temperature increases from 289 to 308K. Good reproducibility in regeneration phase was achieved because of highly mesoprous distribution of ACk2 electrodes.
The development of methane hydrate extraction technology remains constrained due to the limited physical understanding of hydrate dissociation dynamics. While recent breakthroughs in pore-scale ...visualization techniques offer intuitive insights into the dissociation process, obtaining a profound grasp of the underlying mechanisms necessitates more than mere experimental observations. In this research, we introduce a two-phase micro-continuum model that facilitates the numerical simulation of methane hydrate dissociation at both single- and multiscale levels. We employed this numerical model to simulate microfluidic experiments and determined the kinetic parameters of methane hydrate dissociation based on experimental data under various dissociation scenarios. The simulations, once calibrated, correspond closely to experimental results. By comprehensively comparing the simulated results with experimental data, the rate constant and the effective diffusion coefficient were reliably determined to be kd = 1.5 × 108 kmol2/(J·s·m2) and Dl = 0.8 × 10−7 m2/s, respectively. Notably, the multiscale model not only matches the precision of the single-scale model but also presents considerable promise for streamlining the simulation of hydrate dissociation across multiscale porous media. Moreover, we contrast hydrate dissociation under isothermal versus adiabatic conditions, wherein the dissociation rate is significantly reduced under adiabatic conditions due to the shifted thermodynamic condition. This comparison highlights the disparities between microfluidic experiments and real-world extraction environments.
Detonation nanodiamonds (DNDs) have been widely explored for biomedical applications ranging from cancer therapy to magnetic resonance imaging due to several promising properties. These include ...faceted surfaces that mediate potent drug binding and water coordination that have resulted in marked enhancements to the efficacy and safety of drug delivery and imaging. In addition, scalable processing of DNDs yields uniform particles. Furthermore, a broad spectrum of biocompatibility studies has shown that DNDs appear to be well-tolerated. Prior to the clinical translation of DNDs for indications that are addressed via intravenous administration, comprehensive assessment of DND safety in both small and large animal preclinical models is needed. This article reports the results of a DND biocompatibility study in both non-human primates and rats. The rat study was performed as a multiple dose subacute investigation in two cohorts that lasted for 2 weeks and included histological, serum, and urine analysis. The non-human primate study was performed as a dual gender, multiple dose, and long-term investigation in both standard/clinically relevant and elevated dosing cohorts that lasted for 6 months and included comprehensive serum, urine, histological, and body weight analysis. The results from these studies indicate that NDs are well-tolerated at clinically relevant doses. Examination of dose-dependent changes in biomarker levels provides important guidance for the downstream in-human validation of DNDs for clinical drug delivery and imaging.
An approach is reported based on the combination of aptamer and metal organic frameworks (MOF) to prepare a molecularly imprinted sensor that recognizes viruses with high specificity and sensitivity. ...Using MIL-101-NH
2
as a polymer carrier, viral aptamers were introduced into the carrier surface through an amide reaction to specifically identify the target, and surface imprinting is carried out through tetraethyl silicate (TEOS) self-polymerization. The MIL-101-NH
2
is also used as the reference fluorescence signal (λex/λem = 290/460 nm) and rhodamine B as the change signal (λex/λem = 550/570 nm). The ratiometric fluorescence detection and dual recognition strategy not only reduce environmental interference but also greatly improve the sensor’s anti-interference ability, the obtained imprinting factor was 5.72, and the detection limit as low as 1.8 pmol L
−1
. Therefore, the molecular imprinting sensor designed realizes the specific and highly sensitive identification of viruses, which provides theoretical support for the application of molecular imprinting technology in clinical diagnosis of viruses.
Graphical abstract
Aptamer-molecular imprinting polymer based on metal-organic framework ratiometric fluorescent detect virus.
This study investigates the effects of text direction (horizontal and vertical) and length (long and short) on Chinese reading performance. The experiment enrolled 68 university students aged ...19-29 years who were asked to read articles. We recorded reading times and measured recall after reading using a memory test and measured task load using the NASA-TLX scale. The results show that horizontal text was read faster than vertical text. When reading long texts, horizontal reading has a better memory effect than vertical reading. When reading short texts, the effect of text direction on memory was not significant. Moreover, the mental, physical, and temporal demands of horizontal text were lower than those of vertical text. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the impact of text direction, provide valuable suggestions for Chinese typography, and help readers obtain better reading outcomes.
In recent years, environmental sound classification (ESC) has prevailed in many artificial intelligence Internet of Things (AIoT) applications, as environmental sound contains a wealth of information ...that can be used to detect particular events. However, existing ESC methods have high computational complexity and are not suitable for deployment on AIoT devices with constrained computing resources. Therefore, it is of great importance to propose a model with both high classification accuracy and low computational complexity. In this work, a new ESC method named BSN-ESC is proposed, including a big-small network-based ESC model that can assess the classification difficulty level and adaptively activate a big or small network for classification as well as a pre-classification processing technique with logmel spectrogram refining, which prevents distortion in the frequency-domain characteristics of the sound clip at the joint part of two adjacent sound clips. With the proposed methods, the computational complexity is significantly reduced, while the classification accuracy is still high. The proposed BSN-ESC model is implemented on both CPU and FPGA to evaluate its performance on both PC and embedded systems with the dataset ESC-50, which is the most commonly used dataset. The proposed BSN-ESC model achieves the lowest computational complexity with the number of floating-point operations (FLOPs) of only 0.123G, which represents a reduction of up to 2309 times in computational complexity compared with state-of-the-art methods while delivering a high classification accuracy of 89.25%. This work can achieve the realization of ESC being applied to AIoT devices with constrained computational resources.
First-principle density functional theory calculations have been performed to investigate the adsorption of C
2
H
2
on Ni(111) and Sn@Ni(111) at different coverages. At low coverage, the C
2
H
2
...molecule is strongly adsorbed on Ni(111) and the dissociation of the H atom is not favorable. Furthermore, the more the H atom dissociated, the more unstable the system is. However, the dissociation structure of C
2
H+H has the largest adsorption energy on Sn@Ni(111), indicating that the dissociation structure is more stable than molecular adsorbed C
2
H
2
. At moderate coverage, there is some repulsive interaction between two C
2
H
2
molecules, inducing the decrease in adsorption energy. On Ni(111), the two C
2
H
2
tend to adsorb separately, however, the dimer C
4
H
4
has the largest adsorption energy on Sn@Ni(111). At high coverage, the trimer derivative benzene has the largest adsorption energy on both Ni(111) and Sn@Ni(111) surfaces. The adsorption energies of the formed benzene are very high on the two systems, even larger than those of three individual adsorbed C
2
H
2
.
