Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) are rare myeloid clonal disorders that commonly affect the elderly population and have poor prognosis. There are limited data on the ...risk of AML/MDS among patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), especially on the impact of thiopurines (TPs).
We conducted a retrospective cohort study among patients with IBD from Veteran Affairs data set. The exposure of interest was TP exposure: (i) never exposed to TPs, (ii) past TP use (discontinued >6 months ago), (iii) current TP use with a cumulative exposure of <2 years, and (iv) current TP use with a cumulative exposure of ≥2 years. The outcome of interest was a composite outcome of incident diagnosis of AML and/or MDS. Cox regression was used to estimate the adjusted and unadjusted hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for AML/MDS risk associated with TP use defined as a time-varying exposure.
Among 56,314 study patients, 107 developed AML/MDS. The overall incidence of AML/MDS in the IBD population was 18.7 per 100,000 patient-years. The incidences among those never exposed to TPs, past users of TPs, current users of TPs with a cumulative exposure of <2 years, and current users of TPs with a cumulative exposure of ≥2 years were 17.0, 17.7, 30.4, and 30.3 per 100,000 patient-years, respectively. In multivariable Cox regression analysis, compared with never exposed to TPs, current use of TPs was associated with increased risk (adjusted HR 3.05; 95% CI 1.54-6.06, P = 0.0014 for current use of TPs with a cumulative exposure of <2 years and adjusted HR 2.32; 95% CI 1.22-4.41, P = 0.0101 for current use of TPs with a cumulative exposure of ≥2 years), whereas past TP exposure was not.
Among patients with IBD, current TP use was associated with an increased risk of AML/MDS, which reverts to baseline after discontinuation of TP use.
Carbon‐based nanomaterials have been widely utilized in catalysis and energy‐related fields due to their fascinating properties. However, the controllable synthesis of porous carbon with refined ...morphology is still a formidable challenge due to inevitable aggregation/fusion of resulted carbon particles during the high‐temperature synthetic process. Herein, a hierarchically oriented carbon‐structured (fiber‐like) composite is fabricated by simultaneously taking advantage of a confined pyrolysis strategy and disparate bond environments within metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). In the resultant composite, the oriented carbon provides a fast mass (molecule/ion/electron) transfer efficiency; the doping‐N atoms can anchor or act as active sites; the mesoporous SiO2 (mSiO2) shell not only effectively prevents the derived carbon or active metal nanoparticles (NPs) from aggregation or leaching, but also acts as a “polysulfide reservoir” in the Li–S batteries to suppress the “shuttle” effect. Benefiting from these advantages, the synthesized composite Pd@NDHPC@mSiO2 (NDHPC means N‐doped hierarchically porous carbon) exhibits extremely high catalytic activity and stability toward the one‐pot Knoevenagel condensation–hydrogenation reaction. Furthermore, the oriented NDHPC@mSiO2 manifests a boosted capacity and cycling stability in Li–S batteries compared to the counterpart that directly pyrolyzes without silica protection. This report provides an effective strategy of fabricating hierarchically oriented carbon composites for catalysis and energy storage applications.
An N‐doped oriented carbon‐structured (fiber‐like) composite with hierarchical pore and ultrafine Pd nanoclusters is fabricated by simultaneously taking advantage of the confined pyrolysis strategy and disparate bond environments within metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). The synthesized composite Pd@NDHPC@mSiO2 manifests extremely high catalytic activity toward tandem catalysis and much boosted cycling stability in Li–S batteries.
Abstract
Background
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients are at an increased risk of herpes zoster (HZ). Our aim was to determine the frequency of HZ vaccination and the factors associated with ...it among eligible IBD patients.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study among IBD patients who were followed in the nationwide Veterans Affairs Healthcare system. Among this cohort, we identified patients who were the age of 60 years after the introduction of the vaccination. The outcome of interest was vaccination for HZ. For all patients, follow-up began on January 1, 2008, and ended at incident HZ diagnosis, HZ vaccination, death, June 30, 2016, or loss to follow-up, whichever was earlier. The exposure to different medication groups at any time after the onset of the study period was also evaluated, as were the demographic features.
Results
We found that among 18,825 IBD patients who were eligible for vaccination, only 3946 (20.96%) patients were vaccinated at any time during their follow-up. Within the first 5 years of follow-up, 11.7% of the total eligible population was vaccinated. Furthermore, ulcerative colitis patients and Caucasians were more likely to get vaccinated, whereas patients ever exposed to steroids, thiopurines, or anti-tumor necrosis factor medications and those with older age and a higher Charlson comorbidity index were less likely to be vaccinated.
Conclusions
The vaccination rates for HZ in a nationwide IBD cohort without insurance constraints were extremely low. Concerted efforts should be made to improve them, and HZV should be considered among the quality of care indicators.
Spatial catalytic acid-base-Pd triple-sites of a hierarchical core-shell structure have been successfully constructed for a three-step reaction, and exhibited excellent catalytic activity and ...stability. A catalytic mechanism has been systematically studied
via
single one- and two-step reactions, and possible molecular reactions have been proposed.
We present a hierarchical single catalyst with spatial acid-base-Pd triple-sites showing high catalytic activity and stability for the three-step D-K-H tandem reaction.
As energy consumption rapidly increases, energy storage devices that are low-cost, environmentally friendly and have a long life span are imperative. Recently, hierarchically porous graphene (HPG) ...based electrode materials have received widespread attention due to their unique porous structure and outstanding intrinsic properties such as high specific capacity, good rate capability, being pollution-free, and excellent conductivity. The hierarchically porous structure is beneficial for the charge transfer at the electrode/electrolyte interface and ion diffusion, and it can also accommodate volume changes during cycling. Moreover, the existence of a large number of defects in the basal plane of graphene increases the number of electrochemically active reversible storage sites. These advantages make HPG a promising material for electrochemical energy storage devices with flexible, stable, inexpensive, high gravimetric and volumetric current density. This perspective paper focuses on the recent works on HPG based materials and their applications in batteries (such as lithium-ion batteries and post lithium-ion batteries) and supercapacitors.
Hierarchical porous graphene based materials are explored for their application as electrochemical storage devices due to their large specific surface area, high electrical and thermal conductivity, and excellent specific capacity.
Hematogenous dissemination is thought to be a late event in cancer progression. We recently showed in a genetic model of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma that pancreas cells can be detected in the ...bloodstream before tumor formation. To confirm these findings in humans, we used microfluidic geometrically enhanced differential immunocapture to detect circulating pancreas epithelial cells in patient blood samples. We captured more than 3 circulating pancreas epithelial cells/mL in 7 of 21 (33%) patients with cystic lesions and no clinical diagnosis of cancer (Sendai criteria negative), 8 of 11 (73%) with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, and in 0 of 19 patients without cysts or cancer (controls). These findings indicate that cancer cells are present in the circulation of patients before tumors are detected, which might be used in risk assessment.
The concentration of benzoic acid was found to exercise efficient control over the formation of either MIL-101(Cr) or MIL-88B(Cr) under otherwise similar hydrothermal synthetic conditions. ...Nanocrystals of MIL-101(Cr) with ∼100 nm average size and excellent SBET = 3467 m2 g-1 are obtained at lower concentrations of benzoic acid, while at higher concentrations the microparticulated MIL-88B(Cr) product is formed. Hereby a new efficient synthetic method towards the elusive MIL-88B(Cr), yet reported only once without synthetic details, is proposed. The obtained MIL-88B(Cr) has an interesting and potentially valuable property of retaining its high-volume form (Vcell ∼ 2000 Å3) after thermal activation. The degassing of MIL-88B(Cr) in a vacuum at 250 °C yields a porous material with a SBET area of 1136 m2 g-1, which is around the theoretical maximum. The transition to the denser 'closed' form (Vcell ∼ 1500 Å3) occurs only at 350 °C, when all of the benzoate/benzoic acid, hindering the process, is removed.
Cell surface engineering is an emerging technology to encapsulate cells in order to enhance their functions. However, methods for reversible encapsulation of cells with abiotic functionalities are ...rare. Herein, we describe a phenylboronic acid based click reaction for encapsulation of single yeast cells using mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs). This encapsulation does not impact natural growth of the cells and leads to a significant enhancement of cell survival in a variety of hostile environments. Owing to the glucose-responsiveness of the boronate ester bond between cell surface polysaccharides and B(OH)2-grafted MSNs, encapsulation was reversible by addition or removal of glucose. This effort offers living cells effective protection under harsh conditions and enables reversible assembling–detaching of abiotic functions.
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