14,15-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (14,15-EET) is an important lipid signaling molecule involved in the regulation of tumor metastasis, however, the role and molecular mechanisms of 14,15-EET activity in ...breast cancer cell epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and drug resistance remain enigmatic.
The 14, 15-EET level in serum and in tumor or non-cancerous tissue from breast cancer patients was measured by ELISA. qRT-PCR and western blot analyses were used to examine expression of integrin αvβ3. The role of 14, 15-EET in breast cancer cell adhesion, invasion was explored by adhesion and Transwell assays. The role of 14, 15-EET in breast cancer cell cisplatin resistance in vitro was determined by MTT assay. Western blot was conducted to detect the protein expressions of EMT-related markers and FAK/PI3K/AKT signaling. Xenograft models in nude mice were established to explore the roles of 14, 15-EET in breast cancer cells EMT and cisplatin resistance in vivo.
In the present study, we show that serum level of 14, 15-EET increases in breast cancer patients and 14, 15-EET level of tumor tissue is higher than that of non-cancerous tissue. Moreover, 14, 15-EET increases integrin αvβ3 expression, leading to FAK activation. 14, 15-EET induces breast cancer cell EMT via integrin αvβ3 and FAK/PI3K/AKT cascade activation in vitro. Furthermore, we find that 14, 15-EET induces breast cancer cells EMT and cisplatin resistance in vivo, αvβ3 integrin and the resulting FAK/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway are responsible for 14, 15-EET induced-breast cancer cells cisplatin resistance.
Our findings suggest that inhibition of 14, 15-EET or inactivation of integrin αvβ3/FAK/PI3K/AKT pathway could serve as a novel approach to reverse EMT and cisplatin resistance in breast cancer cells.
Premature ovarian failure (POF) is characterized by hormonal disorders, amenorrhea, and premature loss of fertility potential in women of reproductive age. Several studies have been conducted on the ...effectiveness of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in treating POF. TCM relied primarily on apoptosis, immunity, and aging to treat POF based on the studies of domestic and foreign literature. Zuogui pills inhibited mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis in the treatment of POF. Huyang Yangkun formula regulated the downstream of the Bcl-2 family to resist apoptosis through the aquaporin-1 protein. Modified Bazhen decoction regulated apoptosis in POF by regulating X-linked inhibitors of apoptosis protein. Bushen Tianjing recipe was effective in treating POF by promoting angiogenesis and preventing apoptosis. As for immunity, Bushen Jianpi prescription and Er-Xian decoction cured autoimmunity POF models and increased follicular development-related protein expression. Bushen Huoxue Tang improved ovarian function and reduced ovarian inflammation by regulating the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway and T lymphocytes. Taohong Siwu decoction promoted the proliferation and differentiation of granulosa cells of POF mice by regulating the TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway. In addition, ginsenoside Rg1 and Jiajian Guisheng formula treated POF by regulating cell aging-related mechanisms. Si Wu Tang treated POF by activating the angiogenesis-related proteins. The goal of this review is to serve as a reference for in-depth research into the treatment of POF with TCM and provide inspiration for new diagnostic methods and treatment options.
Abstract
Transmission towers in heavily polluted areas and coastal areas are prone to corrosion, resulting in the decline of wind resistance capacity of the structure. In order to study the ...wind-induced effect of transmission towers under strong corrosive environment, the finite element model of transmission towers with different service life is established by using the corrosion rate model of galvanized coating and the corrosion depth model of steel provided by the specification. The attenuation characteristics of structural natural vibration characteristics are studied, and the variation of displacement, acceleration and stress of tower body under strong wind are analysed. The results show that with the increase of service life, the structural vibration mode changes and the torsional frequency decays fastest, the stress of main members increases gradually. When the service life reaches 50 years, the extreme displacement at tower top and normal stress of member at 95.5 m exceeds limit, making the tower being destroyed.
The system of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and its receptor c‐Met plays a critical role in tumor invasive growth and metastasis. The mortality rate of colorectal cancer (CRC), one of the most ...commonly diagnosed malignancies, is increased by it gradual development into metastasis, most frequently in the liver. Overexpression of c‐Met, the protein tyrosine kinase receptor for the HCF/scatter factor, has been implicated in the progression and metastasis of human colorectal carcinoma. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of c‐Met in CRC liver metastasis and illustrate the clinical impact of regulating HGF/c‐Met signaling in patients with CRC liver metastasis. We found that (I) higher levels of c‐Met expression (mRNA and Protein) in CRC liver metastasis than primary CRC by assessing the patient tissue samples; (II) a positive correlation of c‐Met expression with tumor stages of CRC liver metastasis, as well as c‐Met expression in CRC, live metastasis concurred with regional lymph node metastasis; (III) the clinical impact of downregulation of HGF/c‐Met signaling on the reduction of proliferation and invasion in CRC liver metastasis. Therefore, we demonstrate that the regulation of HGF/c‐Met pathways may be a promising strategy in the treatment of patients with CRC liver metastasis.
The exploitation of video data requires methods able to extract high-level information from the images. Video summarization, video retrieval, or video surveillance are examples of applications. In ...this paper, we tackle the challenging problem of recognizing dynamic video contents from low-level motion features. We adopt a statistical approach involving modeling, (supervised) learning, and classification issues. Because of the diversity of video content (even for a given class of events), we have to design appropriate models of visual motion and learn them from videos. We have defined original parsimonious global probabilistic motion models, both for the dominant image motion (assumed to be due to the camera motion) and the residual image motion (related to scene motion). Motion measurements include affine motion models to capture the camera motion and low-level local motion features to account for scene motion. Motion learning and recognition are solved using maximum likelihood criteria. To validate the interest of the proposed motion modeling and recognition framework, we report dynamic content recognition results on sports videos
•Structural diversity, pH sensitivity, and chirality of nucleotide ligands.•Nucleotide–metal complexes analyzed based on X-ray single crystal structures.•Rules of supramolecular self-assembly of ...nucleotide–metal coordination complexes.•Chirality and chirality delivery in nucleotide complex systems.•Functional nanomaterials with nucleotide complex as building blocks are summarized, including fluorescence, adaptive inclusion properties, molecular recognition, chiral resolution and so on.
Nucleotides are essential components of DNA and RNA, and their functions depend mainly on the participation of metal ions. Thus, research into nucleotide–metal coordination complexes, including the affinities of different coordination donors for metal ions, molecular and crystal structures, supramolecular assembly, and functional nanoparticles, will contribute to the interdisciplinary field of chemistry, biology, and materials. Numerous achievements have been reported in this area but few comprehensive reviews have considered nucleotide–metal complexes from the viewpoints of crystallography and supramolecular chemistry, or aspects of their chirality and chirality delivery. In this review, we describe the coordination ability of nucleotide ligands, the structures and properties of nucleotide–metal coordination complexes, and supramolecular assemblies. We review mononuclear complexes, multinuclear complexes, 1D and 2D coordination polymers, and 3D supramolecular assemblies in terms of their structures, mainly based on their X-ray single crystal diffraction data. In particular, we highlight the chirality of nucleotide–metal complex, including their molecular chirality, supramolecular helical chirality, and extended axial chirality. Furthermore, we summarize the functional properties of nucleotide–metal nanomaterials, such as their luminescence, magnetism, and adaptive inclusion properties. We discuss the future challenges and opportunities of research into nucleotide–metal complex.
After the reinforcement and repair of the Shangmaji weir in Wanyao Irrigation District of Jiangshan City in 2014, the results of the repair did not improve much. The surface layer of the weir fell ...off, these not only affected the drainage function of the weir, but also the appearance was different from what is now advocated “Green ecology” is incompatible. This paper analyzes the causes of damage to this problem, and obtains two solutions: drilling, grouting, vertical paving, and to extend the width of receiving water step. After adopting the research programme, the degree of shedding of pebbles is greatly reduced, and the strength of the weir is significantly increased.
Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) is a candidate oncogene that is involved in tumorigenesis and progression of many malignant tumors. Recently, many studies have revealed that YAP1 is highly expressed ...in human osteosarcoma. To investigate the role of YAP1 in osteosarcoma tumorigenesis, the expression of YAP1 in the osteosarcoma cell lines (MG-63 and HOS) was knocked down by small hairpin RNA (shRNA), and the cell proliferation and colony formation assay showed that knockdown of YAP1 significantly suppressed the cell proliferation and colony formation of osteosarcoma cells. Subsequently, cell cycle distribution was analyzed by flow cytometry, and the results showed an accumulation of YAP1-knockdown cells in the G0/G1 phase, suggesting that YAP1 knockdown results in the arrest of cell cycle progression. Additionally, the knockdown of YAP1 also inhibited the tumorsphere formation in vitro and the growth of xenograft tumors in vivo. Therefore, these data suggest that YAP1 knockdown inhibits the proliferation of osteosarcoma cells. However, the mechanism of action was unclear. Further investigation showed that in the YAP1-knockdown MG-63 and HOS cells, the level of cylinD1 and c-myc expression, target genes of the Wnt signaling pathway and TOP-Flash reporter activity were all significantly decreased, which indicated that the inhibitory effect of YAP1 knockdown on osteosarcoma might be associated with the Wnt signaling pathway. Taken together, our results demonstrated that YAP1 is an important regulator of osteosarcoma tumorigenesis and knockdown of YAP1 would be a novel therapeutic strategy for osteosarcoma.
Vernicia montana Lour. is a deciduous tree species belonging to the family of Euphorbiaceae, distributed in southeast Asia. Here, we report and characterize the complete plastome of Vernicia montana ...Lour. The complete plastome is of 164,506 bp in length with a typical structure and gene content of angiosperm plastome, including two inverted repeat (IRs) regions of 27,965 bp, a large single-copy (LSC) region of 91,427 bp and a small single-copy (SSC) region of 17,149 bp. The plastome contains 130 genes, consisting of 81 protein-coding genes (six of which are repetitive in IR), 38 tRNA genes (seven of which are repetitive in IR), seven rRNA genes (5S rRNA, 4.5S rRNA, 23S rRNA and 16S rRNA) (three of which are repetitive in the IR), and four pseudogenes. The overall G/C content in the plastome of Vernicia montana Lour. is 35.8%. The complete plastome sequence of montana Lour. will provide a useful resource for the conservation genetics of this species as well as for phylogenetic studies in Euphorbiaceae.
Self-Excited Threshold Poisson Autoregression Wang, Chao; Liu, Heng; Yao, Jian-Feng ...
Journal of the American Statistical Association,
06/2014, Volume:
109, Issue:
506
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
This article studies theory and inference of an observation-driven model for time series of counts. It is assumed that the observations follow a Poisson distribution conditioned on an accompanying ...intensity process, which is equipped with a two-regime structure according to the magnitude of the lagged observations. Generalized from the Poisson autoregression, it allows more flexible, and even negative correlation, in the observations, which cannot be produced by the single-regime model. Classical Markov chain theory and Lyapunov's method are used to derive the conditions under which the process has a unique invariant probability measure and to show a strong law of large numbers of the intensity process. Moreover, the asymptotic theory of the maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters is established. A simulation study and a real-data application are considered, where the model is applied to the number of major earthquakes in the world. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
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