, a specific spoilage microorganism, has a strong capacity to destroy food protein and lead to spoilage. The aim of this study was to evaluate the phase-dependent regulation of lux-type genes on the ...spoilage characteristics of
H4. The auto-inducer synthase gene
and a regulatory gene
of the quorum sensing systems in
H4 were knocked out to construct the mutant phenotypes. On this basis, the research found that the
and
genes had a strong positive influence on not only flagella-dependent swimming ability and biofilm formation but also the production of putrescine and cadaverine. The
gene could downregulate putrescine production. The maximum accumulation of putrescine in wild type, Δ
, Δ
and Δ
were detected at 24 h, reaching up to 695.23 mg/L, 683.02 mg/L, 776.30 mg/L and 724.12 mg/L, respectively. However, the
and
genes have a potential positive impact on the production of cadaverine. The maximum concentration of cadaverine produced by wild type, Δ
, Δ
and Δ
were 252.7 mg/L, 194.5 mg/L, 175.1 mg/L and 154.2 mg/L at 72 h. Moreover, the self-organizing map analysis revealed the phase-dependent effects of two genes on spoilage properties. The
gene played a major role in the lag phase, while the
gene mainly acted in the exponential and stationary phases. Therefore, the paper provides valuable insights into the spoilage mechanisms of
H4.
Introduction
Previous fMRI studies revealed that the abnormal functional connectivity (FC) was related to cognitive impairment in patients with SLE. However, it remains unclear how the disease ...severity affects the functional topological organization of the whole-brain network in SLE patients without neuropsychiatric symptoms (non-NPSLE).
Objective
We aim to examine the impairment of the whole-brain functional network in SLE patients without neuropsychiatric symptoms (non-NPSLE), which may improve the understanding of neural mechanism in SLE.
Methods
We acquired resting-state fMRI data from 32 non-NPSLE patients and 32 healthy controls (HC), constructed their whole-brain functional network, and then estimated the topological properties including global and nodal parameters by using graph theory. Meanwhile, we also investigated the differences in intra- and inter-network FC between the non-NPSLE patients and the HC.
Results
The non-NPSLE patients showed significantly lower clustering coefficient, global and local efficiency, but higher characteristic path length than the HC. The non-NPSLE patients had significantly lower nodal strength in two regions, ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and anterior PFC (aPFC) than the HC. We found the non-NPSLE patients had significantly lower intra-network FC within frontal-parietal network (FPN) and within default mode network (DMN), and significantly lower inter-network FC between DMN and FPN than the HC. The intra-network FC within DMN was negatively correlated with systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index (SLEDAI).
Conclusion
Abnormal whole-brain functional network properties and abnormal intra- and inter-network FC may be related to cognitive impairment and disease degree in the non-NPSLE patients. Our findings provide a network perspective to understand the neural mechanisms of SLE.
Hafnia alvei, a specific spoilage microorganism, has a strong capacity to destroy food protein and lead to spoilage. The aim of this study was to evaluate the phase-dependent regulation of lux-type ...genes on the spoilage characteristics of H. alvei H4. The auto-inducer synthase gene luxI and a regulatory gene luxR of the quorum sensing systems in H. alvei H4 were knocked out to construct the mutant phenotypes. On this basis, the research found that the luxI and luxR genes had a strong positive influence on not only flagella-dependent swimming ability and biofilm formation but also the production of putrescine and cadaverine. The luxR gene could downregulate putrescine production. The maximum accumulation of putrescine in wild type, ΔluxI, ΔluxR and ΔluxIR were detected at 24 h, reaching up to 695.23 mg/L, 683.02 mg/L, 776.30 mg/L and 724.12 mg/L, respectively. However, the luxI and luxR genes have a potential positive impact on the production of cadaverine. The maximum concentration of cadaverine produced by wild type, ΔluxI, ΔluxR and ΔluxIR were 252.7 mg/L, 194.5 mg/L, 175.1 mg/L and 154.2 mg/L at 72 h. Moreover, the self-organizing map analysis revealed the phase-dependent effects of two genes on spoilage properties. The luxI gene played a major role in the lag phase, while the luxR gene mainly acted in the exponential and stationary phases. Therefore, the paper provides valuable insights into the spoilage mechanisms of H. alvei H4.
Objectives
To develop and validate a deep learning imaging signature (DLIS) for risk stratification in patients with multiforme (GBM), and to investigate the biological pathways and genetic ...alterations underlying the DLIS.
Methods
The DLIS was developed from multi-parametric MRI based on a training set (
n
= 600) and validated on an internal validation set (
n
= 164), an external test set 1 (
n
= 100), an external test set 2 (
n
= 161), and a public TCIA set (
n
= 88). A co-profiling framework based on a radiogenomics analysis dataset (
n
= 127) using multiscale high-dimensional data, including imaging, transcriptome, and genome, was established to uncover the biological pathways and genetic alterations underpinning the DLIS.
Results
The DLIS was associated with survival (log-rank
p
< 0.001) and was an independent predictor (
p
< 0.001). The integrated nomogram incorporating the DLIS achieved improved C indices than the clinicomolecular nomogram (net reclassification improvement 0.39,
p
< 0.001). DLIS significantly correlated with core pathways of GBM (apoptosis and cell cycle-related P53 and RB pathways, and cell proliferation-related RTK pathway), as well as key genetic alterations (del_CDNK2A). The prognostic value of DLIS-correlated genes was externally confirmed on TCGA/CGGA sets (
p
< 0.01).
Conclusions
Our study offers a biologically interpretable deep learning predictor of survival outcomes in patients with GBM, which is crucial for better understanding GBM patient’s prognosis and guiding individualized treatment.
Key Points
• MRI-based deep learning imaging signature (DLIS) stratifies GBM into risk groups with distinct molecular characteristics.
• DLIS is associated with P53, RB, and RTK pathways and del_CDNK2A mutation.
• The prognostic value of DLIS-correlated pathway genes is externally demonstrated.
Abstract
Chronic stress is a known risk factor for breast cancer, yet the underlying mechanisms are unclear. This study explores the potential involvement of microbial and metabolic signals in ...chronic stress-promoted breast cancer progression, revealing that reduced abundances of
Blautia
and its metabolite acetate may contribute to this process. Treatment with
Blautia
and acetate increases antitumor responses of CD8
+
T cells and reverses stress-promoted breast cancer progression in female mice. Patients with depression exhibit lower abundances of
Blautia
and acetate, and breast cancer female patients with depression display lower abundances of acetate, decreased numbers of tumor-infiltrating CD8
+
T cells, and an increased risk of metastasis. These results suggest that
Blautia
-derived acetate plays a crucial role in modulating the immune response to breast cancer, and its reduction may contribute to chronic stress-promoted cancer progression. Our findings advance the understanding of microbial and metabolic signals implicated in cancer in patients with depression and may provide therapeutic options for female patients with breast cancer and depression.
To achieve low regeneration energy consumption and viscosity, a novel amino-functionalized ionic liquid TEPAH2-MI combined with organic solvents has been proposed for CO2 capture in this work. The ...results demonstrated that the absorption loading of TEPAH2-MI/N-propanol (NPA)/ethylene glycol (EG) was 1.72 mol·mol–1 (28 wt %, 257 g·L–1), which was much higher than that of monoethanolamine/water, and the regeneration efficiency was maintained at 90.7% after the fifth regeneration cycle. The viscosities of the solution were only 3.66 and 7.65 mPa·s before and after absorption, respectively, which were significantly lower than those of traditional nonaqueous absorbents. The reaction mechanism investigated via 13C NMR and quantum calculations summarized that CO2 first reacted with the amino group of TEPAH+ to form the carbamates through the zwitterion formation and protonation process, while CO2 reacted with the N atom of 2-MI− to directly form the carbamate. Then, some of them further reacted with NPA and EG to form the carbonates. Moreover, Nπ and Nτ tautomers of TEPAH2-MI could convert into each other continuously when CO2 was absorbed. During CO2 desorption, the carbamates and carbonates reacted with AFILH+ to decompose and released CO2 directly.
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•A novel biphasic solvent of AEP/1-propanol/H2O was proposed for CO2 capture.•The absorption capacity was 1.26 mol CO2·mol−1 amine and 2.3 times that of MEA.•The cyclic capacity was ...0.90 mol CO2·mol−1 amine and 2.7 times that of MEA.•The regeneration energy was 2.74 GJ·t−1-CO2 and 27.9% lower than that of MEA.•The reaction mechanism and species distribution were investigated by 13C NMR.
Biphasic solvents have been attracting increasing attention in CO2 capture recently due to its energy-saving potential. However, most current biphasic solvents still face the problem of limited desorption performance. To solve the problem, a novel biphasic solvent of 1-(2-aminoethyl)piperazine (AEP)/1-propanol/H2O solution was proposed. The absorption capacity was 1.26 mol CO2·mol−1 amine, which was 2.3 times that of MEA. The regeneration efficiency was 74% and the cyclic capacity after 5 absorption-desorption experiments was 0.90 mol CO2·mol−1 amine, which was 2.7 times that of MEA. The absorption-desorption performance of AEP/1-propanol/H2O solution was much better compared with most current biphasic solvents. Meanwhile, AEP/1-propanol/H2O solution had a low regeneration heat of 2.74 GJ·t−1-CO2, which was 27.9% lower than that of MEA. Moreover, 13C NMR analysis was used to investigate the absorption-desorption mechanism and species distribution. The multiple amino groups in AEP could react with CO2 to produce carbamate and carbonate. The generated absorption products were mainly concentrated in the CO2-rich phase, while the CO2-lean phase contained much 1-propanol. Most of the absorption products were decomposed during regeneration, so the high desorption performance was achieved. Overall, AEP/1-propanol/H2O solution is a promising energy-saving candidate for industrial CO2 capture due to its competitive absorption-desorption performance and low regeneration energy.
To realize efficient low-temperature catalytic o-xylene oxidation, MOF-derived CeO2-X catalysts were prepared via the pyrolysis of MOF precursors with different ratios of cerium nitrate to trimesic ...acid. Among the synthesized catalysts, the bouquet like CeO2-1 exhibited the best activity with T 50 and T 90 of 156 and 198 °C and the lowest activation energy of 60.67 kJ·mol–1 (WHSV= 48 000 mL·g–1·h–1, o-xylene concentration = 500 ppm). o-Xylene was completely mineralized, and no change in conversion efficiency or CO2 yield was found at 5 vol % H2O for over 50 h. The rich active oxygen species (XPS: Osur/Olatt = 0.69) and abundant oxygen vacancies (Raman: I D/I F2g = 0.036) of CeO2-1 made crucial contribution to its superior catalytic activity. The O2-TPD and H2-TPR results confirmed that CeO2-1 had more surface active oxygen and better mobility of bulk oxygen. Moreover, the reaction routes under different atmospheres were probed through in situ DRIFTS, in which oxygen vacancy played a key role in promoting the adsorption and activation of molecular oxygen and facilitating the migration of the bulk lattice oxygen.
The differential sensitivity of cough to antitussive therapies implies the existence of heterogeneity in cough hypersensitivity, but how such heterogeneity is expressed across individual patients is ...poorly understood. We investigated the phenotypes of cough hypersensitivity by examining transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1)- and transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1)-mediated cough sensitivity in patients with chronic refractory cough.
Using a selective TRPA1 agonist, allyl isothiocyanate (AITC), we established an AITC cough challenge as a measure of TRPA1-mediated cough sensitivity. The AITC cough challenge and the widely used capsaicin (a selective TRPV1 agonist) cough challenge were performed with 250 patients with chronic refractory cough and 56 healthy subjects. The concentration of AITC or capsaicin solution causing at least two (C2) and five coughs (C5) was recorded. Cough sensitivity was expressed as the mean (95% confidence interval) of log C5, and cough hypersensitivity was defined as a log C5 value lower than that of healthy subjects.
A distinct concentration-response effect of inhaled AITC was identified both in patients with chronic refractory cough and in healthy subjects. Cough sensitivity to AITC and capsaicin was significantly higher in patients than in healthy subjects (AITC: 2.42 2.37-2.48 vs 2.72 2.66-2.78 mM, p = 0.001; capsaicin: 1.87 1.75-1.98 vs 2.53 2.36-2.70 μM, p = 0.001) and was higher in females than in males for both healthy subjects and patients (all p < 0.05). Among the 234 patients who completed both challenges, 25 (10.7%) exhibited hypersensitivity to both AITC and capsaicin, 44 (18.8%) showed hypersensitivity to AITC only, 28 (11.9%) showed hypersensitivity to capsaicin only, and 137 (58.6%) exhibited hypersensitivity to neither. Those with TRPA1- and/or TRPV1-mediated hypersensitivity were predominantly female, while those without TRPA1- and TRPV1-mediated hypersensitivity were mainly male.
Four phenotypes of cough hypersensitivity were identified by the activation of TRPV1 and TRPA1 channels, which supports the existence of heterogeneity in cough pathways and provides a new direction for personalized management of chronic refractory cough.
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02591550 .
Objectives
This study aimed to review and report the serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance patterns of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) isolates, as this information is important for ...policy making since China has not adopted any pneumococcal vaccines in the national immunization schedule.
Methods
A systematic review of the published literature from January 2000 to December 2018 was performed to identify articles that describe the serotype and/or antimicrobial resistance patterns of IPD cases in children in mainland China. Analysis of the extracted data was performed with the Microsoft Excel spreadsheet program. The percentage of the serotypes was calculated by dividing the number of isolates for each serotype with the total number of isolates included in all the studies. The theoretical impact of the vaccine was estimated by calculating the percentage of isolates that exhibited the serotypes included in the vaccines. The prevalence of antimicrobial resistance was defined as the number of isolates that were resistant divided by the total number of isolates tested for resistance to the specific antimicrobial agent.
Results
Forty-two articles were screened in the preliminary search, of which sixteen fulfilled inclusion criteria and were included in the final analysis. The predominant serotypes were 19A, 19F, 14, 23F, and 6B, and the estimated impact of PCV13 was 90.4%. The isolates exhibited a high frequency of resistance to cefuroxime, cefaclor, and erythromycin.
Conclusions
It is necessary for Chinese children to receive PCV13. Clinical workers should pay attention to the high frequency of resistance to antimicrobial agents.
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