This study aimed to investigate student teachers' perceived competence in educational research, along with teacher educators' and graduates' opinions and suggestions regarding research in an initial ...English language teacher education program at a state university in Türkiye. To this end, this case study employed a mixed-method design to explore data from 70 student teachers, nine graduates, and six teacher educators through surveys and interviews. We observed that the student teachers perceive themselves as competent in designing, conducting, and reporting research, and their competence was also acknowledged by the graduates and teacher educators. All the participants highlighted the importance of research for teachers; however, some had reservations. They found the context too academically oriented and emphasized the need to introduce the inherent link between teaching and research, which seemed to be obscure especially for the student teachers. We conclude that introducing action research early on is an ideal way to address and embrace all the diverse perceptions, orientations, interests, and motivations about research in initial teacher education.
Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’de bir devlet üniversitesinde İngilizce öğretmenliği programında öğrenim gören öğretmen adaylarının eğitim araştırması yapma bağlamındaki özyeterlik algıları ile öğretmen eğitimcisi ve mezunlarının hizmet öncesi öğretmen eğitiminde araştırma ile ilgili görüş ve önerilerini araştırmaktır. Bu amaçla kurgulanan durum çalışmasında 70 öğretmen adayı, 9 mezun ve 6 öğretmen eğitimcisinden karma yöntem kullanılarak anket ve sözlü görüşmeler yoluyla elde edilen veriler incelenmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre öğretmen adayları kendilerini araştırma tasarlamada, uygulamada ve raporlamada yetkin olarak değerlendirmişler, mezunlar ve öğretmen eğitimcileri de bu yönde görüş bildirmiştir. Katılımcıların tamamı öğretmen adayları için araştırma yapmanın öneminin altını çizmiş ancak bazı katılımcılar çekincelerini de dile getirmişlerdir. Bu katılımcılar programı fazla akademik odaklı bulmaktadır; özellikle öğretmen adaylarının görmekte zorluk çektiği temel öğretmenlik-araştırma bağlantısının programda daha çok vurgulanmasına yönelik ihtiyaca dikkat çekmişlerdir. Çalışma sonucunda, hizmet öncesi öğretimde araştırmaya yönelik farklı algı, yönelim, ilgi ve motivasyonların etkin şekilde ele alınabilmesi için eylem araştırmasını müfredata daha erken dahil etmenin ideal bir yöntem olduğu belirtilmiştir.
We report an infant with tetralogy of fallot (TOF) who was born at 35 weeks of gestation and of 1700 g birth weight and presented with persistent retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) at 6 months of age. ...Follow-up ophthalmic examinations were done at 2, 3, and 4 weeks of age. A demarcation line in Zone II was noticed on the first ocular examination done at 4 weeks of postnatal age. At 6 months of postnatal age, the infant still had an avascular peripheral retina with the demarcation line in Zone II. Even though this index subject did not have any typical risk factors for ROP, TOF seems to be the probable reason for developing as well as persistence of avascular retina.
Tissue Doppler echocardiography (TDI) is a convenient method to detect cardiac dysfunction in the infants of diabetic mothers (IDMs). Umbilical cord serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is ...known to be higher in IDMs. We aimed to determine whether there is a relation between diastolic functions examined by TDI and cord serum IGF-1 levels of IDMs. Cord serum IGF-1 levels of 32 IDMs and 22 healthy infants were measured. The cardiac functions of the infants were evaluated by M-Mode and TDI. For statistical analysis, Mann–Whitney
U
and Spearman correlation tests were used for continuous variables, and the chi-square test was used for categorical variables. The cord serum IGF-1 levels of the IDMs were higher (
p
= 0.000). The left ventricle (LV) e', LVa', LV e'/a', and LV Tei index, indicating left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in IDMs, were detected (LV e'
p
= 0.016; LV a'
p
= 0.003; LV e'/ a'
p
= 0.000; LV Tei index
p
= 0.023). IDMs’ cord serum IGF-1 levels were found weakly correlated with the interventricular septum (IVS) and left ventricle posterior wall (LVPW) thicknesses in M-Mode and LV e' and LV e'/a' in TDI (IVS
r
= 0.357,
p
= 0.008; LVPW
r
= 0.289,
p
= 0.034; LV e'
r
= 0.297,
p
= 0.029; LV e'/ a'
r
= 0.031,
p
= 0.014).
Conclusion
: To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the relationship between cord serum IGF-1 levels and diastolic functions of IDMs assessed by TDI. A weak correlation was found between IGF-1 levels and IVS and LVPW thicknesses in M-Mode and LV e' and LV e'/a' parameters in TDI, revealing diastolic dysfunction in IDMs.
What is Known:
• The umbilical cord blood serum IGF-1 level of IDMs is higher than in infants of healthy mothers.
• Diastolic dysfunction is a well-studied and frequently observed consequence in IDMs.
What is New:
• This is the first study to examine the relationship between cord serum IGF-1 levels and diastolic functions of IDMs assessed by TDI.
• A weak correlation was detected between the median cord serum IGF-1 level of IDMs and the median values of IVS, LVPW, LV e', LV a', LV e'/a' ratio.
OBJETIVO: Analisar comparativamente a dispersão da onda P (DOP) em pacientes com talassemia beta maior (β-TM) e indivíduos saudáveis (controles) para a detecção precoce do risco de arritmias. ...MÉTODOS: Oitenta e uma crianças com β-TM, com idades entre 4 e 19 anos, e 74 crianças saudáveis (grupo controle) foram submetidas a exame eletrocardiográfico e ecocardiograma transtorácico de rotina para avaliação cardíaca. A DOP foi calculada como a diferença entre as durações máxima e mínima da onda P. RESULTADOS: Houve uma diferença estatisticamente significativa entre o grupo de estudo e o grupo controle no pico de velocidade do fluxo transmitral no início da diástole (E) e na razão E/fluxo transmitral tardio (A). A duração máxima da onda P e a DOP foram significativamente maiores nos pacientes com β-TM do que nos indivíduos controles. CONCLUSÕES: O aumento da DOP em nossos pacientes com β-TM pode estar relacionado à depressão na condução intra-atrial, devido à dilatação atrial, e ao aumento da atividade simpática. Estes pacientes devem ser acompanhados atentamente devido à possibilidade de ocorrência de arritmias com risco de vida.
To comparatively evaluate P-wave dispersion (PWD) in patients with beta-thalassemia major (TM) and healthy control subjects for the early prediction of arrhythmia risk.
Eighty-one children with ...beta-TM, aged 4-19 years, and 74 healthy children (control group) underwent routine electrocardiography and transthoracic echocardiography for cardiac evaluation. PWD was calculated as the difference between the maximum and the minimum P-wave duration.
There was a statistically significant difference between study and control groups in peak early (E) mitral inflow velocity and E/late (A) velocity ratio. Maximum P-wave duration and PWD were found to be significantly higher in beta-TM patients than in control subjects.
Increased PWD in our beta-TM patients might be related to depression of intra-atrial conduction due to atrial dilatation and increased sympathetic activity. These patients should be closely followed up for risk of life-threatening arrhythmias.
The aim of the study is to determine the most accurate length and position of umbilical venous catheter (UVC).
This prospective study included premature infants who were admitted to the neonatal ...intensive care unit with inserted UVC between January 1, 2014 and December 31, 2015. The length of UVC was calculated according to the Shukla formula (3 × birth weight + 9)/2 + 1 and the catheter was inserted under sterile conditions. After the insertion, umbilical catheter was first evaluated through chest X-ray and then with echocardiography to confirm its position. Catheters seen on the chest X-ray at the level of T9-T10 vertebrae were classified as "accurate position," those seen above T9 vertebra as "high position," and the catheters identified below T10 vertebra were classified as "low position."
A total of 68 infants smaller than 36 weeks of gestation were included in the study. In echocardiographic evaluation, 80% of the cases identified as in the "accurate position," 100% of the cases classified as in a "high position," and 33% of the cases defined as in a "low position" on the chest X-rays were found to be intracardiac. In our study, length of the catheter calculated according to the Shukla formula was intracardiac in 88.2% of premature infants.
Radiography alone is not sufficient for the determination of adequate position of umbilical catheter, especially in premature infants. Specialists practicing in neonatal intensive care units could improve themselves and evaluate UVC with echocardiography, making this a routine part of clinical practice. Echocardiography-guided fixation of the catheter will reduce the complications related to catheter malposition.
· Shukla formula is commonly used to calculate the adequate length of UVC.. · Chest X-ray is the most widely used modality for locating the tip of UVC.. · Echocardiography can be conveniently used for the determination of adequate position of UVC..
Aim
Pentraxin-3, high sensitive CRP (HsCRP) and adropin were investigated in cord blood of infants of mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (IDM) to evaluate the exposure of fetus to ...inflammation and whether there is any correlation with clinical findings.
Methods
Forty IDM and forty three infants whose mother did not have diabetes were included in this prospective study. Adropin, pentraxin-3 and HsCRP levels were measured in the cord blood samples. Echocardiographic measurements were performed in the first three days of life.
Results
Adropin and pentraxine-3 levels were significantly lower and HsCRP levels were significantly higher in IDM group. Echocardiographic measurements of myocardial hypertrophy were negatively correlated with adropin.
Conclusion
Alterations in these markers in IDM supports the hypothesis of in utero fetal exposure to inflammation caused by gestational diabetes mellitus. Potentially, cord blood adropin might be used as a predictor for complications of diabetes.
Backround
: Two earthquakes in the north‐west region of Turkey destroyed 80% of the houses and schools in Düzce in 1999. This study was conducted to determine the parasitic infection rate associated ...with the post‐earthquake unhealty living conditions and related epidemiological risk factors.
Methods
: Two populations living and studying in different socioeconomic conditions as a result of the earthquake were compared: Group 1 (study group) consisted of 326 children living and studying in transitory houses and classes. Group 2 (control) consisted of 127 children living in normal houses and studying in normal school classes. Fecal samples were obtained from both groups and examined for intestinal parasites’ eggs and trofozoid forms. In addition, selotype procedure was applied to both populations. Epidemiological data determining the socioeconomic status of the populations were collected by questionnaire.
Results
: In group 1, Giardia lamblia (G. lamblia) cysts were observed in 10.4% of the fecal samples and Enterobius vermicularis (E. vermicularis) eggs were observed in 13.5% of selotype samples. In group 2, Giardia cysts were observed in 3.1% of the samples and E. vermicularis eggs were observed in 5.5% of selotype samples. The rate of Giardiasis and Enterobiasis was found to be significantly higher in children still living and studying in temporary houses and schools years after the earthquakes (P < 0.05). The following pidemiological and social factors arising after the earthquakes were associated with increased rate of G. lamblia and E. Vermicularis infections: number of communal toilets per child at school, socioeconomic level of the children, dimensions of the classrooms where the children are studying and living and frequency of hand‐washing at school. These parameters are significantly different between the groups (P < 0.05).
Conclusion
: Giardiasis should be considered as an emerging disease in postdisaster situations and adequate prevention measures should be implemented in these circumstances. It should also be known that the rate of Enterobiasis is increased in populations living in crowded unhealthy conditions.
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