The present work proposes a fast and optimized experimental approach for pressure reconstruction and far-field noise prediction for flow past tandem cylinders based on time-resolved particle image ...velocimetry (PIV). The low-order reconstruction of the velocity fields based on proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) is applied, which effectively mitigates the incoherent measurement noise by selecting the low-order modes representing the dominant coherent structures. The preprocessing of velocity fields significantly improves the accuracy of both field and surface pressure fluctuations estimated by solving the Poisson equation. The time-marching enhancement algorithm uses the pressure field from the preceding snapshot as the initial guess in the iterative process, which accelerates convergence and reduces the computational cost for solving the Poisson equation of the PIV database with a large ensemble size. The estimated surface pressure fluctuations are used to predict the far-field noise through Curle’s analogy with the correction based on the spanwise correlation length. Comparisons are performed with reference signals, yielding good agreement on both pressure and noise spectra.
Cyclocarya paliurus has traditionally been used in medicines and nutraceutical foods. The aims of this study were to determine whether flavonoid accumulation in C. paliurus is dependent on nitrogen ...(N) availability and to investigate the internal C (carbon)/N balance under controlled conditions. One-year-old seedlings were grown under five increasing available N level treatments (N1-5) and were harvested throughout the 15-d experimental period. The greatest total chlorophyll amount and photosynthetic rate were achieved during the intermediate N treatments (N3 and N4). The greatest starch level was detected in N3. The total C level was relatively stable, but the total N and free amino acid levels increased, which resulted in a decreased C:N ratio. The flavonoid contents in roots and stalks decreased, while leaves showed a different pattern (peaking in N3). The flavonoid level was closely correlated with flavanone-3-hydroxylase activity, which displayed a similar variation pattern, and their levels were significantly positively correlated with those of total C and starch. Thus, the partitioning of C among primary and secondary metabolisms could be responsible for flavonoid biosynthesis and provide the basis for maintaining high yields, which increases the nutritional values of crops and medicinal plants.
Abstract
Biochar produced from biomass has been increasingly used as an environmentally friendly and low-cost adsorbent. This study systemically evaluated the effects of raw materials including corn ...straw (CS), cattle manure (CM), and cherry woods (CW) as well as pyrolysis temperature (400, 500, and 600 °C) on the physicochemical properties, such as morphological structure, element content, and surface functionality of biochars. The batch experiments of -N adsorption using anaerobic digested slurry (ADS) confirmed that CM600 (biochar derived from CM at 600 °C) had the highest adsorption capacity of 18.16 mg·g−1. The effects of coexisting ions in ADS, biochar dosage, adsorption time and initial concentration on –N adsorption from ADS by the biochars were evaluated. The results of the batch equilibrium and kinetics experiments showed that Langmuir isotherm model and pseudo-second-order kinetic model well described -N adsorption by the biochars, indicating that physical and chemical adsorption occurred simultaneously. Furthermore, compared to the biochar-modified method, the raw material-modified biochar (CM600-modified biochar) showed excellent adsorption capacity with a maximum of 69.82 mg·g−1 (284% increase) for the high -N concentration (4,000 mg·L−1) from ADS. Therefore, it was concluded that high-concentration nitrogen recovery from ADS using modified biochar was an effective method.
Due to the increasing cost of data storage and computation, more and more graphs (e.g., web graphs, social networks) are outsourced and analyzed in the cloud. However, there is growing concern on the ...privacy of these outsourced graphs at the hands of untrusted cloud providers. Unfortunately, simple label anonymization cannot protect nodes from being re-identified by adversary who knows the graph structure. To address this issue, existing works adopt the
k
-automorphism model, which constructs
(
k
-
1
)
symmetric vertices for each vertex. It has two disadvantages. First, it significantly enlarges the graphs, which makes graph mining tasks such as subgraph matching extremely inefficient and sometimes infeasible even in the cloud. Second, it cannot protect the privacy of attributes in each node. In this paper, we propose a new privacy model (
k
,
t
)-privacy that combines the
k
-automorphism model for graph structure with the
t
-closeness privacy model for node label generalization. Besides a stronger privacy guarantee, the paper also optimizes the matching efficiency by (1) an approximate label generalization algorithm
TOGGLE
with
(
1
+
ϵ
)
approximation ratio and (2) a new subgraph matching algorithm
PGP
on succinct
k
-automorphic graphs without decomposing the query graph.
By taking advantage of typical dealloying and subsequent aging methods, a novel homogeneous porous brass with a micro/nano hierarchical structure was prepared without any chemical modification. The ...treatment of commercial brass with hot concentrated HCl solution caused preferential etching of Zn from Cu62Zn38 alloy foil, leaving a microporous skeleton with an average tortuous channel size of 1.6 μm for liquid transfer. After storage in the atmosphere for 7 days, the wettability of the dealloyed brass changed from superhydrophilic to superhydrophobic with a contact angle > 156° and sliding angle < 7°. The aging treatment enhanced the hydrophobicity of the brass by the formation of Cu2O on the surface. By virtue of the opposite wettability to water and oil, the aged brass separated surfactant-stabilized water-in-oil emulsions with separation efficiency of over 99.4% and permeate flux of about 851 L·m−2·h−1 even after recycling for 60 times. After 10 times of tape peeling or sandpaper abrasion, the aged brass maintained its superhydrophobicity, indicating its excellent mechanical stability. Moreover, the aged brass still retained its superhydrophobicity after exposure to high temperatures or corrosive solutions, displaying high resistance to extreme environments. The reason may be that the bicontinuous porous structure throughout the whole foil endows stable mechanical properties to tolerate extreme environments. This method should have a promising future in expanding the applications of alloys.
A controllable synthesis of trisubstituted imidazoles and pyrroles has been developed through rhodium(II)-catalyzed regioselective annulation of
-sulfonyl-1,2,3-trizaoles with
-enaminones. The ...imidazole ring was formed through a 1,1-insertion of the N-H bond to α-imino rhodium carbene, followed by a subsequent intramolecular 1,4-conjugate addition. This occurred when the
-carbon atom of the amino group was bearing a methyl group. Additionally, the pyrrole ring was constructed by utilizing a phenyl substituent and undergoing intramolecular nucleophilic addition. The mild conditions, good tolerance towards functional groups, gram-scale synthesis capability, and ability to undergo valuable transformations of the products qualify this unique protocol as an efficient tool for the synthesis of
-heterocycles.
We here report an efficient and enhanced fluorescence energy transfer system between confined quantum dots (QDs) by entrapping CdTe into the mesoporous silica shell (CdTe@SiO2) as donors and gold ...nanoparticles (AuNPs) as acceptors. At pH 6.50, the CdTe@SiO2–AuNPs assemblies coalesce to form larger clusters due to charge neutralization, leading to the fluorescence quenching of CdTe@SiO2 as a result of energy transfer. As compared with the energy transfer system between unconfined CdTe and AuNPs, the maximum fluorescence quenching efficiency of the proposed system is improved by about 27.0%, and the quenching constant, K sv, is increased by about 2.4-fold. The enhanced quenching effect largely turns off the fluorescence of CdTe@SiO2 and provides an optimal “off-state” for sensitive “turn-on” assay. In the present study, upon addition of melamine, the weak fluorescence system of CdTe@SiO2–AuNPs is enhanced due to the strong interactions between the amino group of melamine and the gold nanoparticles via covalent bond, leading to the release of AuNPs from the surfaces of CdTe@SiO2; thus, its fluorescence is restored. A “turn-on” fluorimetric method for the detection of melamine is proposed based on the restored fluorescence of the system. Under the optimal conditions, the fluorescence enhanced efficiency shows a linear function against the melamine concentrations ranging from 7.5 × 10–9 to 3.5 × 10–7 M (i.e., 1.0–44 ppb). The analytical sensitivity is improved by about 50%, and the detection limit is decreased by 5.0-fold, as compared with the analytical results using the CdTe–AuNPs system. Moreover, the proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of melamine in real samples with excellent recoveries in the range from 97.4 to 104.1%. Such a fluorescence energy transfer system between confined QDs and AuNPs may pave a new way for designing chemo/biosensing.
Agricultural carbon emission reduction is indispensable to the achievement of the "double carbon" goal, and the multidimensional relationship network has become the key to the decision-making of ...farmers' carbon emission reduction behaviour. Based on the perspective of heterogeneous relationship subjects, this paper divides the relationship network into three dimensions: market relationship, government relationship, and social relationship network, and explores the theoretical analysis of the influence of multidimensional relationship network on the decision-making of carbon emission reduction behaviours of farmers, and analyses the mechanism of relationship network influencing the carbon emission reduction behaviours of farmers from the three aspects of information flow, demonstration effect, and factor guarantee based on the social capital theory to lay a solid theoretical foundation for the later empirical analyses. It lays a solid theoretical foundation for the later empirical analysis.
The evaluation of farmers’ satisfaction is very important in the planning, construction, and management of ecological restoration in coal mining areas. Taking coal mining areas with high ground-water ...level in China (Jining, Huainan, and Yongxia) as examples, this study set up a farmers’ satisfaction with ecological restoration performance evaluation index system in coal mining areas. We used the questionnaire survey method, fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method and the IPA to evaluate the degree of farmers’ satisfaction. The results show that the overall farmers’ satisfaction score was 3.692, which corresponded to “basically satisfied.” The ecological performance satisfaction score was the highest, which translated to “relatively satisfied,” and the economic performance satisfaction score was the lowest, which indicated “basically satisfied.” The evaluation of social performance satisfaction was “basically satisfied.” The IPA revealed that biodiversity, land productivity, and regional farmers’ income in the indicator layer were located in the high importance–low satisfaction quadrant and urgently needed to be improved. According to the results of IPA analysis, we put forward the strategy respectively from the policies improvement, supervision and management, public participation, technology innovation, and functional transformation. The results can provide theoretical guidance and practical reference for ecological restoration and ecological civilization construction, and contribute to the sustainable development of ecological environment in the coal mining areas.
ObjectivesThis study aimed to conduct a thorough analysis of fluid retention-associated adverse events (AEs) associated with BCR::ABL inhibitors.DesignA retrospective pharmacovigilance ...study.SettingFood and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database for BCR::ABL inhibitors was searched from 1 January 2004 to 30 September 2021.Main outcome measuresReporting OR (ROR) and 95% CI were used to detect the signals. ROR was calculated by dividing the odds of fluid retention event reporting for the target drug by the odds of fluid retention event reporting for all other drugs. The signal was considered positive if the lower limit of 95% CI of ROR was >1. The analysis was run only considering coupled fluid retention events/BCR::ABL inhibitors with at least three cases.ResultsA total of 97 823 reports were identified in FAERS. Imatinib had the most fluid retention signals, followed by dasatinib and nilotinib, while bosutinib and ponatinib had fewer signals. Periorbital oedema (ROR=24.931, 95% CI 22.404 to 27.743), chylothorax (ROR=161.427, 95% CI 125.835 to 207.085), nipple swelling (ROR=48.796, 95% CI 26.270 to 90.636), chylothorax (ROR=35.798, 95% CI 14.791 to 86.642) and gallbladder oedema (ROR=77.996, 95% CI 38.286 to 158.893) were the strongest signals detected for imatinib, dasatinib, nilotinib, bosutinib and ponatinib, respectively. Pleural effusion, pericardial effusion and pulmonary oedema were detected for all BCR::ABL inhibitors, with dasatinib having the highest RORs for pleural effusion (ROR=37.424, 95% CI 35.715 to 39.216), pericardial effusion (ROR=14.146, 95% CI 12.649 to 15.819) and pulmonary oedema (ROR=11.217, 95% CI 10.303 to 12.213). Patients aged ≥65 years using dasatinib, imatinib, nilotinib or bosutinib had higher RORs for pleural effusion, pericardial effusion and pulmonary oedema. Patients aged ≥65 years and females using imatinib had higher RORs for periorbital oedema, generalised oedema and face oedema.ConclusionsThis pharmacovigilance study serves as a clinical reminder to physicians to be more vigilant for fluid retention-associated AEs with BCR::ABL inhibitors.
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