This study aimed to determine whether regular recruitment maneuvers (RMs) are essential for obese patients (OPs) undergoing elective laparoscopic bariatric surgery (LBS) during intraoperative ...ventilation with individualized positive end‐expiratory pressure (PEEP). Patients were randomly assigned to two arms: the RM + PEEP−EIT arm consisted of individualized PEEP titrated by electrical impedance tomography (EIT) with two regular RMs and the PEEP−EIT arm consisted of individualized PEEP titrated by EIT without additional RMs. For these two arms together, EIT‐guided PEEP varied among individuals. The partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood to fractional inspired oxygen (PaO2/FiO2) ratio in the RM + PEEP−EIT arm was higher than that in the PEEP−EIT arm at 1 h after pneumoperitoneum (p = 0.024) and at the end of surgery (p = 0.035). There was no great difference in the PaO2/FiO2 ratio between these two arms when measured 5 min prior to postanesthesia care unit (PACU) departure and on postoperative day 1. Compared with the PEEP−EIT arm, patients in the RM + PEEP−EIT arm had significantly higher intraoperative dynamic respiratory system compliance (p < 0.001) but consumed more vasopressors (p = 0.036). Postoperative pulmonary complications occurred in 1 of 29 patients in the RM + PEEP−EIT arm compared with 2 of 31 patients in the PEEP−EIT arm. Regular lung RMs can improve intraoperative oxygenation and respiratory system compliance among OPs undergoing LBS with EIT‐guided individual PEEP. However, the improvement might disappear before leaving the PACU, and regular RMs resulted in more vasopressor consumption.
A general approach to the synthesis of diverse heteroaryl-C-Δ1,2-glycosides has been developed by employing the Pd(OAc)2/CuI cocatalyzed direct cross-coupling of five-membered nitrogen heterocycles ...with 1-iodoglycals in a C–H activation manner. Using this method, 27 examples of heteroaryl-C-Δ1,2-glycosides, containing indoles, thiazoles, benzothiazoles, imidazoles, benzimidazoles, and benzoxazoles as aglycones were obtained in 43–99% yield.
As the competition of tourism industry becomes increasingly white-hot, the sustainability and competitiveness of tourism economies inside a zone gradually gets people’s attentions. Based on data of ...16 cities from 2010 to 2019, this paper aims to investigate the sustainability and competitiveness of tourism economies in the Chengdu-Chongqing metropolitan area, by constructing a niche evaluation index and four niche models (niche ecostate-ecorole model, niche expansion model, niche breadth model, and niche overlap degree model). The results show that (1) during the sample period, the niche values of tourism competitiveness in most cities of the Chengdu-Chongqing metropolitan area have shown a sustained increasing trend, indicating that the status of these cities in resources, market, environment, social economy, and other dimensions is rising steadily, and their competitive advantages are gradually increasing; (2) the niche values of tourism competitiveness in the core cities of Chengdu-Chongqing metropolitan area (Chengdu and Chongqing) remain stable, while the niche values of tourism competitiveness in the remaining cities vary greatly; the comprehensive niche values of tourism industry competitiveness of the cities in the central area are significantly lower than those of the cities in the peripheral area; (3) the niche overlap of tourism competitiveness in the Chengdu-Chongqing metropolitan area is relatedly high, indicating that the homogenization of tourism in these cities is more serious.
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•ZVI and magnetite enhanced the MCFAs carbon-flow distribution by 26 % and 52 %.•Main function contributor are Massilibacterium and Tidjanibacter with ZVI.•Main function contributor ...are Petrimonas and Candidatus_Microthrix with magnetite.•Microbial metabolism and ABC transporters are promoted with iron-based CMs.•CE bacteria adjust TCS and QS to adapt to the biotoxicity of ZVI and magnetite.
Despite the increased research efforts aimed at understanding iron-based conductive materials (CMs) for facilitating chain elongation (CE) to produce medium chain fatty acids (MCFAs), the impact of these materials on microbial community functions and the adaptation mechanisms to their biotoxicity remain unclear. This study found that the supply of zero-valent iron (ZVI) and magnetite enhanced the MCFAs carbon-flow distribution by 26 % and 52 %, respectively. Metagenomic analysis revealed the upregulation of fatty acid metabolism, pyruvate metabolism and ABC transporters with ZVI and magnetite. The predominant functional microorganisms were Massilibacterium and Tidjanibacter with ZVI, and were Petrimonas and Candidatus_Microthrix with magnetite. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that CE microorganisms respond and adapt to the biotoxicity of iron-based CMs by adjusting Two-component system and Quorum sensing for the first time. In summary, this study provided a new deep-insight on the feedback mechanisms of CE microorganisms on iron-based CMs.
Weight loss is common in patients with Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and associated with disease progression. Loss of appetite has been shown to be a contributor to weight loss in patients ...with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, the reason of loss of appetite is not clear. The Council on Nutrition appetite questionnaire (CNAQ) and the simplified nutritional appetite questionnaire (SNAQ) are short and simple appetite assessment tools, which were using in ALS patients. In our study, the CNAQ and SNAQ were translated into Chinese, and their reliability and validity were tested. The Chinese version of the CNAQ (CNAQ-C) presented more appropriate reliability and validity than the SNAQ. Among the 94 ALS patients, 50 patients (53.2%) had loss of appetite, and we found that anxiety and/or depression contributed to the loss of appetite in the ALS patients. We reconfirmed that loss of appetite was associated with greater weight loss but not with clinical features of ALS. The loss of appetite caused by emotional problems in ALS patients should be taken seriously, and early intervention should be implemented to reduce weight loss.
The photoinitiated intramolecular hydroetherification of alkenols has been used to form C−O bonds, but the intermolecular hydroetherification of alkenes with alcohols remains an unsolved challenge. ...We herein report the visible‐light‐promoted 2‐deoxyglycosylation of alcohols with glycals. The glycosylation reaction was completed within 2 min in a high quantum yield (ϕ=28.6). This method was suitable for a wide array of substrates and displayed good reaction yields and excellent stereoselectivity. The value of this protocol was further demonstrated by the iterative synthesis of 2‐deoxyglycans with α‐2‐deoxyglycosidic linkages up to a 20‐mer in length and digoxin with β‐2‐deoxyglycosidic linkages. Mechanistic studies indicated that this reaction involved a glycosyl radical cation intermediate and a photoinitiated chain process.
A fast photoglycosylation is reported that proceeds through a bromide‐based hydrogen species and electron transfer process. The value of this protocol was well demonstrated by the iterative synthesis of oligosaccharides on a gram scale as well as digoxin and a 20‐mer deoxyglycan in good yields and with excellent stereoselectivity.
Diabetic vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) exhibit significantly increased rates of proliferation and migration, which was the most common pathological change in atherosclerosis. In addition, the ...study about the role for miRNAs in the regulation of VSMC proliferation is just beginning to emerge and additional miRNAs involved in VSMC proliferation modulation should be identified.
The expression of miR-138 and SIRT1 were examined in SMCs separated from db/db mice and in SMC lines C-12511 exposed to high glucose with qRT-PCR and western blot. The regulation of miR-138 on the expression of SMCs was detected with luciferase report assay. VSMCs proliferation and migration assays were performed to examine the effect of miR-138 inhibitor on VSMCs proliferation and migration.
We discovered that higher mRNA level of miR-138 and reduced expression of SIRT1 were observed in SMCs separated from db/db mice and in SMC lines C-12511. Moreover, luciferase report assay showed that the activity of SIRT1 3′-UTR was highly increased by miR-138 inhibitor and reduced by miR-138 mimic. In addition, we examined that the up-regulation of NF-κB induced by high glucose in SMCs was reversed by resveratrol and miR-138 inhibitor. MTT and migration assays showed that miR-138 inhibitor attenuated the proliferation and migration of smooth muscle cells.
In this study, we revealed that miR-138 might promote proliferation and migration of SMC in db/db mice through suppressing the expression of SIRT1.
•Higher mRNA level of miR-138 was observed in SMCs from db/db mice.•The mRNA and protein level of SIRT1 in SMCs from db/db mice were greatly reduced.•miR-138 could regulate the expression of SIRT1 in SMCs.•SIRT1 overexpression reversed the up-regulation of acetylized p65 and NF-κB induced by high glucose.•MiR-138 inhibitor reversed VSMCs proliferation and migration induced by high glucose.
A mild, efficient, and practical transformation for the direct C–H trifluoromethylation of glycals under visible light has been reported for the first time. This reaction employed fac-Ir3+(ppy)3 as ...the photocatalyst, Umemoto’s reagent as the CF3 source, and a household blue LED or sunlight as the light source. Glycals bearing both electron-withdrawing and -donating protective groups performed this reaction smoothly. This visible light-mediated trifluoromethylation reaction was highlighted by the trifluoromethylation of the biologically important Neu2en moiety.
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common bone malignancy without a reliable therapeutic target. Glypican‐3 (GPC3) mutation and upregulation have been detected in multidrug resistant OS, and anti‐GPC3 ...immunotherapy can effectively suppress the growth of organoids. Further profiling of GPC3 mutations and expression patterns in OS is of clinical significance. To address these issues, fresh OS specimens were collected from 24 patients for cancer‐targeted next‐generation sequencing (NGS) and three‐dimensional patient‐derived organoid (PDO) culture. A tumor microarray was prepared using 37 archived OS specimens. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was performed on OS specimens and microarrays to profile GPC3 and CD133 expression as well as intratumoral distribution patterns. RT‐PCR was conducted to semiquantify GPC3 and CD133 expression levels in the OS tissues. Anti‐GPC3 immunotherapy was performed on OS organoids with or without GPC3 expression and its efficacy was analyzed using multiple experimental approaches. No OS cases with GPC3 mutations were found, except for the positive control (OS‐08). IHC staining revealed GPC3 expression in 73.77% (45/61) of OSs in weak (+; 29/45), moderate (++; 8/45), and strong (+++; 8/45) immunolabeling densities. The intratumoral distribution of GPC3‐positive cells was variable in the focal (+; 10%–30%; 8/45), partial (++; 31%–70%; 22/45), and the most positive patterns (+++; >71%; 15/45), which coincided with CD133 immunolabeling (P = 9.89 × 10−10). The anti‐GPC3 antibody efficiently inhibits Wnt/β‐catenin signaling and induces apoptosis in GPC3‐positive PDOs and PDXs, as opposed to GPC3‐negative PDOs and PDXs. The high frequency of GPC3 and CD133 co‐expression and the effectiveness of anti‐wild‐type GPC3‐Ab therapy in GPC3‐positive OS models suggest that GPC3 is a novel prognostic parameter and a promising therapeutic target for osteosarcoma.
Lack of molecular target is a tricky problem in osteosarcoma treatment. In this study, we report (1) high frequency of GPC3 detection (73.77%; 45/61) and its overlapped expression with CD133 in OSs; (2) successful generation of patient‐derived organoids (PDOs) from 24 human osteosarcoma cases (OSs) as ex vivo experimental model; (3) the effectiveness of anti‐GPC3 strategy against GPC3‐expressing OS PDOs and PDXs, accompanied with suppressed Wnt/β‐catenin signaling. We therefor propose that GPC3 would be a promising target for personalized OS therapy.
Biochar is one of the most promising adsorbents for Hg0 from flue gas due to renewable raw materials. Cotton straw and maize straw biochars prepared by microwave activation and H2O2 modification were ...used for removing Hg0 from flue gas. Hg0 capture efficiency and mechanism on biochars were studied. Cotton straw and maize straw biochars modified with 2 and 10 % H2O2, respectively, show optimal Hg0 removal performance exceeding that of activated carbon. Microwave activation and H2O2 impregnation greatly improve the BET surface areas of the biochars. H2O2 impregnation increases the number of O‐containing functional groups, i.e., O–H and C–O, on the biochar surface, enhancing Hg0 removal. Chemisorption dominates the Hg0 capture on biochars.
Biochars are promising alternatives to activated carbon as adsorbents in various adsorption processes. Herein, biochars were prepared from cotton and maize straws by pyrolysis and a clean microwave/H2O2 modification method and used for the removal of elemental mercury from flue gas, in which their performance could exceed those of commercial activated carbon and biochars prepared by other methods.
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