Urban street space is a critical reflection of a city’s vitality and image and a critical component of urban planning. While visual perceptual information about an urban street space can reflect the ...composition of place elements and spatial relationships, it lacks a unified and comprehensive quantification system. It is frequently presented in the form of element proportions without accounting for realistic factors, such as occlusion, light and shadow, and materials, making it difficult for the data to accurately describe the complex information found in real scenes. The conclusions of related studies are insufficiently focused to serve as a guide for designing solutions, remaining merely theoretical paradigms. As such, this study employed semantic segmentation and information entropy models to generate four visual perceptual information quantity (VPIQ) measures of street space: (1) form; (2) line; (3) texture; and (4) color. Then, at the macro level, the streetscape coefficient of variation (SCV) and K-means cluster entropy (HCK) were proposed to quantify the street’s spatial variation characteristics based on VPIQ. Additionally, we used geographically weighted regression (GWR) to investigate the relationship between VPIQ and street elements at the meso level as well as its practical application. This method can accurately and objectively describe and detect the current state of street spaces, assisting urban planners and decision-makers in making decisions about planning policies, urban regeneration schemes, and how to manage the street environment.
We aimed to examine the associations between cord blood lipids and childhood adiposity and to investigate whether these associations vary across birth weight categories (small for gestational age ...(SGA), appropriate for gestational age (AGA) and large for gestational age (LGA)) in 1306 infants in the Born in Guangzhou Cohort Study, China. Adiposity outcomes at the age of three years included z-scores of weight-for-length/height (WFLZ), body mass index (BMIZ), subscapular (SSTZ) and triceps skinfold thickness (TSTZ), and the sum of skinfold thicknesses (SSFTZ). Cord blood triglycerides (TG) levels were negatively associated with WFLZ and BMIZ, whereas high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels were positively associated with WFLZ, BMIZ, TSTZ and SSFTZ. These associations were attenuated after adjustment for birth weight. Stratified analyses revealed that total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels were positively associated with childhood adiposity indicators among AGA infants but tended to be negatively associated with the adiposity indicators among LGA infants (p values for interaction <0.05). Furthermore, TG levels appeared to be positively associated with adiposity indicators among SGA infants but negatively associated with the outcomes among LGA infants (p values for interaction <0.05). Cord blood lipids levels might be associated with childhood adiposity, and these associations appear to differ across different birth weight categories. If confirmed in future studies, our findings suggest that individualized management plans might be warranted in preventing obesity.
S400E stainless steel is a new type of sorbite stainless steel that has been developed in China recently. S400E stainless steel exhibits good mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and ...weldability due to the alloying elements. However, the corrosion and microstructure role has not been understood extensively. This paper investigates the electrochemical corrosion properties, microstructure, and phase diagram of the new S400E sorbite stainless steel. The corrosion potential and pitting potential of the S400E are higher than the 12Cr13, indicating better corrosion resistance. The microstructure by SEM and EPMA illustrated that chromium carbides are distributed homogenously in the S400E stainless steel but heterogenous in the 12Cr13 stainless steel. The calculated phase diagram shows that the increase in the P element content in the S400E stainless steel will expand the M
3
P and M (C, N) phase regions; furthermore, the calculated phase diagram shows that the S400E stainless steel temperature from 900–1000°C has ferrite and austenite region, whereas 12Cr13 have austenite phase at that temperature.
Anxiety disorders are a series of mental disorders characterized by anxiety and fear, but the molecular basis of these disorders remains unclear. In the present study, we find that the global
male ...mice exhibit anxious behaviors, whereas the Slack
male mice manifest anxiolytic behaviors. The expression of Slack channels is rich in basolateral amygdala (BLA) glutamatergic neurons and downregulated in chronic corticosterone-treated mice. In addition, electrophysiological data show enhanced excitability of BLA glutamatergic neurons in the
mice and decreased excitability of these neurons in the
mice. Furthermore, the Slack channel deletion in BLA glutamatergic neurons is sufficient to result in enhanced avoidance behaviors, whereas
gene expression in the BLA or BLA-ventral hippocampus (vHPC) glutamatergic projections reverses anxious behaviors of the
mice. Our study identifies the role of the Slack channel in controlling anxious behaviors by decreasing the excitability of BLA-vHPC glutamatergic projections, providing a potential target for anxiolytic therapies.
Anxiety disorders are a series of mental disorders characterized by anxiety and fear, but the molecular basis of these disorders remains unclear. Here, we examined the behaviors of loss- and gain-of-function of Slack channel mice in elevated plus maze and open field tests and found the anxiolytic role of the Slack channel. By altering the Slack channel expression in the specific neuronal circuit, we demonstrated that the Slack channel played its anxiolytic role by decreasing the excitability of BLA-vHPC glutamatergic projections. Our data reveal the role of the Slack channel in the regulation of anxiety, which may provide a potential molecular target for anxiolytic therapies.
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•The soluble protein content of Chinese flowering cabbage declined along leaf senescence.•Protease genes were differentially modulated by senescence-associated phytohormones.•BrDof2.4 ...functions as a transcriptional repressor.•BrDof2.4 suppresses the transcription of protease genes via binding to their promoters.
Protein degradation is an integral process of leaf senescence, and this catabolism is strongly associated with proteases in diverse plant species. However, the characterization of proteases as well as their upstream regulators during postharvest senescence, especially in economically important leafy vegetables such as Chinese flowering cabbage, remains to be determined. In this study, temporal and spatial gene expression patterns of eight proteases showed that three of them, namely, BrAPM1, BrASPG2 and BrSAG12, were most up-regulated during postharvest leaf senescence. Their expressions were also significantly induced by senescence-accelerating phytohormones abscisic acid (ABA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA), but were inhibited by senescence-delaying hormones gibberellin (GA3) and cytokinin (6-BA). Importantly, using yeast one-hybrid screening, we identified a Dof (DNA-binding with one finger) transcription factor, BrDof2.4, as the putative binding protein of BrAPM1, BrASPG2 and BrSAG12 promoters. Nucleus-localized BrDof2.4 was senescence-, ABA- and MeJA-repressible, but was GA3- and 6-BA-inducible. Furthermore, gel mobility shift and transient dual luciferase reporter assays revealed that BrDof2.4 suppressed the transcription of BrAPM1, BrASPG2 and BrSAG12, through binding to their promoters. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that BrDof2.4 acts as a potential repressor of postharvest leaf senescence in Chinese flowering cabbage by the direct suppression of protease expression. Our work contributes towards improving the technology for increasing the shelf-life and commercial value of this important leafy vegetable.
We conducted a phase I, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial including healthy adults in Sui County, Henan Province, China. Ninety-six adults were randomly assigned to one of three ...groups (high-dose, medium-dose, and low-dose) at a 3:1 ratio to receive one vaccine dose or placebo. Adverse events up to 28 days after each dose and serious adverse events up to 6 months after all doses were reported. Geometric mean titers and seroconversion rates were measured for anti-rotavirus neutralizing antibodies using microneutralization tests. The rates of total adverse events in the placebo group, low-dose group, medium-dose group, and high-dose group were 29.17 % (12.62 %–51.09 %), 12.50 % (2.66 %–32.36 %), 50.00 % (29.12 %–70.88 %), and 41.67 % (22.11 %–63.36 %), respectively, with no significant difference in the experimental groups compared with the placebo group. The results of the neutralizing antibody assay showed that in the adult group, the neutralizing antibody geometric mean titer at 28 days after full immunization in the low-dose group was 583.01 (95 % confidence interval CI: 447.12–760.20), that in the medium-dose group was 899.34 (95 % CI: 601.73–1344.14), and that in the high-dose group was 1055.24 (95 % CI: 876.28–1270.75). The GMT of serum-specific IgG at 28 days after full immunization in the low-dose group was 3444.26 (95 % CI: 2292.35–5175.02), that in the medium-dose group was 6888.55 (95 % CI: 4426.67–10719.6), and that in the high-dose group was 7511.99 (95 % CI: 3988.27–14149.0). The GMT of serum-specific IgA at 28 days after full immunization in the low-dose group was 2332.14 (95 % CI: 1538.82–3534.45), that in the medium-dose group was 4800.98 (95 % CI: 2986.64–7717.50), and that in the high-dose group was 3204.30 (95 % CI: 2175.66–4719.27). In terms of safety, adverse events were mainly Grades 1 and 2, indicating that the safety of the vaccine is within the acceptable range in the healthy adult population. Considering the GMT and positive transfer rate of neutralizing antibodies for the main immunogenicity endpoints in the experimental groups, it was initially observed that the high-dose group had higher levels of neutralizing antibodies than the medium- and low-dose groups in adults aged 18–49 years. This novel inactivated rotavirus vaccine was generally well-tolerated in adults, and the vaccine was immunogenic in adults (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04626856).
A mononuclear FeII complex that shows a high‐spin (S=2) paramagnetic behavior at all temperatures (with standard temperature‐scan rates, ≈1 K min−1) has, in fact, a low‐spin (S=0) ground state below ...100 K. This low‐spin state is not easily accessible due to the extremely slow dynamics of the spin‐crossover process—a full relaxation from the metastable high‐spin state to the low‐spin ground state takes more than 5 h below 80 K. Bidirectional photo‐switching of the FeII state is achieved reproducibly by two selective irradiations (at 530–590 and 830–850 nm). The slow dynamics of the spin‐crossover and the strong structural cooperativity result in a remarkably wide 95‐K hysteresis loop induced by both temperature and selected light stimuli.
Slow down, please! An extremely slow spin‐transition and a remarkably wide magnetic bistability at 95 K triggered by both temperature and selected irradiations are observed in a mononuclear FeII complex. This work describes the necessary elements to design new families of spin‐crossover complexes with reversible thermally and photo‐induced bistabilities over very large temperature domains.
Metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) is characterized by poorer prognosis of patients and limited therapeutic approach, partly due to the lack of effective target. Using mouse models and tumor ...organoids, this study reported a tripartite motif 21 (TRIM21) protein, exerting potential inhibitory effects on the invasion and metastasis of CRC. Mechanistically, TRIM21 directly interacted with and ubiquitinated MST2 at lysine 473 (K473) via K63-linkage. This ubiquitination enabled the formation of MST2 homodimer and enhanced its kinase activity, ultimately resulting in the functional inactivation of yes-associated protein (YAP) and inhibition of an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) feature. We identified that vilazodone, an antidepressant, directly bound to TRIM21 to exert effective anti-metastatic action both in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, these findings revealed a previously unrecognized interplay between TRIM21 and the Hippo-YAP signaling. These results suggested that vilazodone could be repositioned as an anti-tumor drug to inhibit CRC metastasis by targeting TRIM21.
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•TRIM21 exerts inhibitory effects on CRC invasion and metastasis•TRIM21 interacts with and ubiquitinates MST2 to activate Hippo signaling•Vilazodone binds to TRIM21 to enhance TRIM21-induced MST2 activation•Vilazodone exhibits effectively anti-metastatic action through targeting TRIM21
Liu et al. report that TRIM21 inhibits colorectal cancer (CRC) invasion and metastasis by activating Hippo signaling. Furthermore, the authors identify an antidepressant, vilazodone, which directly binds to TRIM21 and has significant anti-metastatic effects on CRC. These results suggest that TRIM21 is a promising drug target for metastatic CRC.
Four novel bacterial strains (zg-ZUI122
/zg-ZUI10 and zg-ZUI227
/zg-ZUI100) were isolated from the intestinal contents of
and characterized using a polyphasic approach. Cells were Gram-stain- and ...catalase-positive, urease- and oxidase-negative. Strains grew optimally at 28-30 °C, pH 7.0, with 0.5 % NaCl (w/v). A comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain pairs zg-ZUI122
/zg-ZUI10 and zg-ZUI227
/zg-ZUI100 belonged to the genus
and were most closely related to
DSM 20133
, with similarities of 99.6 and 99.5 %, respectively. This was further confirmed by phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene and genome sequences. The digital DNA-DNA hybridization and average nucleotide identity values between the two new type strains (zg-ZUI122
and zg-ZUI227
) and other species in the genus
were 20.0-24.4/77.2-83.4% and 19.9-25.1/77.1-83.4%, all below the thresholds. The major cellular fatty acids detected in the two novel species included
-C
and
-C
; the predominant polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol. MK-8(H
) (77.3%) was the predominant respiratory quinone detected in strain zg-ZUI122
, while MK-8(H
) (53.7%) and MK-9(H
) (46.3%) were detected in strain zg-ZUI227
. The shared cell-wall amino acids detected in the two novel species were alanine, glutamic acid and lysine; the shared whole cell wall sugars consisted of galactose, mannose and ribose. All these analyses concluded that these four strains represent two different novel species in the genus
, for which the names
sp. nov. (zg-ZUI122
= GDMCC 1.2502
= KCTC 49677
) and
sp. nov. (zg-ZUI227
= GDMCC 1.2500
= KCTC 49676
) are proposed.
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