The integration of diagnostic and therapeutic functionalities on a single theranostic nano‐system holds great promise to enhance the accuracy of diagnosis and improve the efficacy of therapy. Herein, ...a multifunctional polymeric nano‐micelle system that contains a photosensitizer chlorin e6 (Ce6) is successfully fabricated, at the same time serving as a chelating agent for Gd3+, together with a near‐infrared (NIR) dye, IR825. With a r1 relativity 7 times higher than that of the commercial agent Magnevist, strong fluorescence offered by Ce6, and high NIR absorbance attributed to IR825, these theranostic micelles can be utilized as a contrast agent for triple modal magnetic resonance (MR), fluorescence, and photoacoustic imaging of tumors in a mouse model. The combined photothermal and photodynamic therapy is then carried out, achieving a synergistic anti‐tumor effect both in vitro and in vivo. Different from single photo treatment modalities which only affect the superficial region of the tumor under mild doses, the combination therapy at the same dose using this agent is able to induce significant damage to both superficial and deep parts of the tumor. Therefore, this work presents a polymer based theranostic platform with great potential in multimodal imaging and combination therapy of cancer.
Multifunctional polymeric nano‐micelles containing a photosensitizer, which at the same time serves as a chelating agent for Gd(III), together with a near‐infrared absorbing dye, are fabricated. Utilizing these theranostic nano‐micelles, combined photothermal and photodynamic therapy, which is guided under triple‐modal magnetic resonance, fluorescence, and photoacoustic imaging, is conducted, achieving a synergistic anti‐tumor effect in a mouse model.
Recently, near‐infrared (NIR) absorbing conjugated polymeric nanoparticles have received significant attention in photothermal therapy of cancer. Herein, polypyrrole (PPy), a NIR‐absorbing conjugate ...polymer, is used to coat ultra‐small iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs), obtaining multifunctional IONP@PPy nanocomposite which is further modified by the biocompatible polyethylene glycol (PEG) through a layer‐by‐layer method to acquire high stability in physiological solutions. Utilizing the optical and magnetic properties of the yielded IONP@PPy‐PEG nanoparticles, in vivo magnetic resonance (MR) and photoacoustic imaging of tumor‐bearing mice are conducted, revealing strong tumor uptake of those nanoparticles after intravenous injection. In vivo photothermal therapy is then designed and carried out, achieving excellent tumor ablation therapeutic effect in mice experiments. These results promise the use of multifunctional NIR‐absorbing organic‐inorganic hybrid nanomaterials, such as IONP@PPy‐PEG presented here, for potential applications in cancer theranostics.
A novel type of multifunctional theranostic nanoparticles is developed by encapsulating ultra‐small iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) with polypyrrole (PPy), on top of which polyethylene glycol (PEG) is coated. The obtained IONP@PPy‐PEG nanoparticles with strong superparamagnetism and high near‐infrared absorbance enable in vivo dual‐modal magnetic resonance and photoacoustic imaging‐guided photothermal therapy, achieving excellent cancer ablation effect in animal experiments.
For daily airport operations, the insufficient number and the improper scheduling of ground support vehicles are the main causes of flight delays. In this paper, a novel network model is proposed to ...complement the optimal scheduling of ferry vehicles for the flight ground support service. In the process of model construction, we first innovatively construct a ferry vehicle capacity network by having the introduced virtual flights and the ferry vehicle depot as nodes, in which the directed edges indicate that the two nodes associated may be consecutively served by the same ferry vehicle. Based on the capacity network, a mixed integer programming model is constructed to minimize the number of ferry vehicles needed. In addition, this paper shows that the mixed integer programming is equivalent to a linear programming when the service start time of each flight is fixed, which makes the solving process more efficient, and the linear programming model can be applied to solve the minimum node-disjoint path cover of directed acyclic graphs. The efficiency and accuracy of the method are validated by the actual flight data obtained from Beijing Capital International Airport. This study will provide a methodological reference for the optimal scheduling of airport ferry vehicles.
The booming development of nanomedicine offers great opportunities for cancer diagnostics and therapeutics. Herein, a magnetic targeting‐enhanced cancer theranostic strategy using a multifunctional ...magnetic‐plasmonic nano‐agent is developed, and a highly effective in vivo tumor photothermal therapy, which is carefully planed based on magnetic resonance (MR)/photoacoustic (PA) multimodal imaging, is realized. By applying an external magnetic field (MF) focused on the targeted tumor, a magnetic targeting mediated enhanced permeability and retention (MT‐EPR) effect is observed. While MR scanning provides tumor localization and reveals time‐dependent tumor homing of nanoparticles for therapeutic planning, photoacoustic imaging with higher spatial resolution allows noninvasive fine tumor margin delineation and vivid visualization of three dimensional distributions of theranostic nanoparticles inside the tumor. Utilizing the near‐infrared (NIR) plasmonic absorbance of those nanoparticles, selective photothermal tumor ablation, whose efficacy is predicted by real‐time infrared thermal imaging intra‐therapeutically, is carried out and then monitored by MR imaging for post‐treatment prognosis. Overall, this study illustrates the concept of imaging‐guided MF‐targeted photothermal therapy based on a multifunctional nano‐agent, aiming at optimizing therapeutic planning to achieve the most efficient cancer therapy.
A multifunctional magnetic‐plasmonic nano‐agent for magnetic resonance/photoacoustic multimodal imaging guided photothermal therapy of cancer is developed. Such a magnetic targeting‐enhanced cancer theranostic strategy could potentially enable highly effective tumor ablation therapy, which could be carefully planned before treatment, precisely controlled during treatment, and with accurate prognosis after treatment.
Chlorophyll plays a critical role in assessing the photosynthetic capacity and health of grasslands. However, existing studies on the hyperspectral inversion of chlorophyll have mainly focused on ...field crops, leading to limited accuracy when applied to natural grasslands due to their complex canopy structures and species diversity. This study aims to address this challenge by extrapolating the measured leaf chlorophyll to the canopy level using the green vegetation coverage approach. Additionally, fractional-order derivative (FOD) methods are employed to enhance the sensitivity of hyperspectral data to chlorophyll. Several FOD spectral indices are developed to minimize interference from factors such as bare soil and hay, resulting in improved chlorophyll estimation accuracy. The study utilizes partial least squares regression (PLSR) and support vector machine regression (SVR) to construct inversion models based on full-band FOD, two-band FOD spectral indices, and their combination. Through comparative analysis, the optimal model for estimating grassland chlorophyll content is determined, yielding an R2 value of 0.808, RMSE value of 1.720, and RPD value of 2.347.
Background Observational studies have explored the impact of iron homeostasis on infertility; however, establishing definitive causal relationships remains challenging. This study utilized a ...two-sample Mendelian randomization approach to investigate the potential causal relationship between iron status and infertility. Materials and methods Four indicators of iron status-serum iron, ferritin, transferrin saturation, and total iron binding capacity, were considered as exposure factors. Infertility was the outcome variable for both men and women. Robust causality was assessed using the primary inverse-variance-weighted method, complemented by three supplementary Mendelian randomization approaches. Sensitivity analyses were performed to enhance the precision and reliability of the results. Results No statistically significant associations were identified between the four indicators of iron status and infertility. These results remained consistent across multiple Mendelian randomization methodologies. Conclusion In conclusion, there is no evidence of a genetic causal relationship between iron status and infertility. Nevertheless, this does not preclude the possibility of a connection between iron status and infertility at different mechanistic levels.
Lanthanide coordination polymer nanoparticles (LML-Eu3+-GMP CPNPs) were fabricated as a ratiometric fluorescence sensor for real-time and visual assays of tetracycline (TC). The LML-Eu3+-GMP CPNPs ...were prepared by spontaneous self-assembly of Eu3+, luminol (LML) and guanosine 5′-monophosphate (GMP) at room temperature, which only emitted blue fluorescence dominated by LML, and no red characteristic fluorescence of Eu3+ was observed. In the presence of TC, TC can trigger the antenna effect (AE) and inner filter effect (IFE), the blue fluorescence of LML-Eu3+-GMP CPNPs is quenched by TC via IFE, and the red characteristic fluorescence of Eu3+ can be turned on through AE. When sodium citrate (Cit) is added to the sensing system, it can further enhance the red fluorescence of Eu3+. The dual-ligand CPNP sensor has a rapid fluorescence response, noticeable fluorescence color change, good selectivity, and high sensitivity with a detection limit of 3.4 nM. It was successfully applied to detect TC in honey, milk, lake water and tap water. Meanwhile, the portable smartphone and test paper were applied to develop POCT devices for real-time and visual detection of TC, which could offer a promising application for real-time and semiquantitative assays of TC.
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•A ratiometric fluorescence sensor based on analyte-triggered antenna effect and inner filter effect.•Two recognition units for the ratiometric fluorescence sensor.•POCT devices for real-time and visual detection of tetracycline.•Visual and ultrasensitive detection of tetracycline in food and water samples.
Systemic inflammatory response after cardiovascular surgery is associated with poor prognosis, to which gut barrier impairment is related. To investigate whether perioperative changes of the gut ...microbiome are associated with systemic and intestinal inflammatory response, we examined changes of the gut microbiome, intestinal homeostasis, and systemic inflammatory response in cardiovascular patients before (Pre) surgery and on the first defecation day postoperative time 1 (Po1) or a week postoperative time 2 (Po2) postsurgery. Markedly, the enhanced systemic inflammatory response was observed in Po1 and Po2 compared with that in Pre. In line with inflammatory response, impaired gut barrier and elevated gut local inflammation were observed in Po1 and Po2. Microbiome analysis showed a remarkable and steady decline of alpha diversity perioperatively. In addition, microbial composition in the postoperation period was characterized by significant expansion of
Enterococcus
along with a decrease in anaerobes (
Blautia
,
Faecalibacterium
,
Bifidobacterium
,
Roseburia
,
Gemmiger
,
Ruminococcus
, and
Coprococcus
), which were typically health-associated bacteria. Spearman correlation analysis showed microbiome disorder was associated with enhanced systemic inflammatory response and intestinal dysbiosis. These results suggest that microbiome disorder was related to disturbed gut homeostatic and subsequently elevates plasma endotoxin and systemic inflammatory response after cardiovascular surgery. This study not only highlights gut microbiome would be considered in future clinical practice but also proposes a promising perspective of potential diagnostic and therapeutic options for perioperative management of cardiovascular surgery patients.
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