This paper proposes a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based method that learns traffic as images and predicts large-scale, network-wide traffic speed with a high accuracy. Spatiotemporal traffic ...dynamics are converted to images describing the time and space relations of traffic flow via a two-dimensional time-space matrix. A CNN is applied to the image following two consecutive steps: abstract traffic feature extraction and network-wide traffic speed prediction. The effectiveness of the proposed method is evaluated by taking two real-world transportation networks, the second ring road and north-east transportation network in Beijing, as examples, and comparing the method with four prevailing algorithms, namely, ordinary least squares, k-nearest neighbors, artificial neural network, and random forest, and three deep learning architectures, namely, stacked autoencoder, recurrent neural network, and long-short-term memory network. The results show that the proposed method outperforms other algorithms by an average accuracy improvement of 42.91% within an acceptable execution time. The CNN can train the model in a reasonable time and, thus, is suitable for large-scale transportation networks.
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) has emerged as a highly promising platform material for the manufacturing of molecule-separating membranes. However, COF membranes are predominantly used in the ...separation of dyes from water or organic solvents and there are very few reports on COF-enabled membranes for desalination. In this work, the secondary growth approach based on unidirectional diffusion synthesis is developed to grow continuous thin films of a COF with an intrinsic pore size of 0.8 nm on macroporous substrates to prepare COF membranes for desalination. The amino-modified polymer microfiltration substrate is fixed in a diffusion cell to separate the oil phase containing the aldehyde precursor (1,3,5-triformylphloroglucinol, Tp) and the aqueous phase containing both the amino precursor (hydrazine, Hz) and the catalyst. Because of the immiscible bi-phase solutions and the high molar ratio of Hz to Tp, the unidirectional diffusion of Hz molecules in the pore channel of the substrate is achieved and the polycondensation between the two precursors occurs at the phase interface. The unidirectional diffusion synthesis is sequentially performed for two times and the secondary growth is essential to ensure the formation of a defect-free, continuous thin film of COF (TpHz) on the top surface of the substrate. Cladding COF coatings are also formed along the skeleton in the near-surface region of the substrate. Such an asymmetric structure ensures both a good permselectivity and a strong adhesion between the grown COF layers and the substrates. The continuous COF thin film grown on the substrates serves as the selective layer, and the COF membrane prepared under the optimized condition exhibits an appreciable Na2SO4 rejection of 58.3% and a water permeance of 40.5 L∙m−2∙h−1∙MPa−1 which are ~ ten times higher than other membranes with similar rejections. This study not only demonstrates the potential of COFs in desalination but also showcases an efficient strategy to grow continuous thin films of COFs on porous substrates which are desired in diverse applications.
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•COFs membranes have been synthesized on polymeric substrates by secondary growth.•TpHz crystallites only grow on the top side of polymeric support at room temperature.•The desalination performances of COFs membranes can be tuned by reaction durations.•The membranes exhibit a high water permeance and appreciable salts rejection.
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is characterized by a high incidence rate and mortality. Recently, POC1 centriolar protein A (POC1A) has emerged as a potential biomarker for various cancers, contributing ...to cancer onset and development. However, the association between POC1A and LUAD remains unexplored. We extracted The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) data sets to analyse the differential expression of POC1A and its relationship with clinical stage. Additionally, we performed diagnostic receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and Kaplan–Meier (KM) survival analysis to assess the diagnostic and prognostic value of POC1A in LUAD. Furthermore, we investigated the correlation between POC1A expression and immune infiltration, tumour mutation burden (TMB), immune checkpoint expression and drug sensitivity. Finally, we verified POC1A expression using real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Cell experiments were conducted to validate the effect of POC1A expression on the proliferation, migration and invasion of lung cancer cells. POC1A exhibited overexpression in most tumour tissues, and its overexpression in LUAD was significantly correlated with late‐stage presentation and poor prognosis. The high POC1A expression group showed lower levels of immune infiltration but higher levels of immune checkpoint expression and TMB. Moreover, the high POC1A expression group demonstrated sensitivity to multiple drugs. In vitro experiments confirmed that POC1A knockdown led to decreased proliferation, migration, and invasion of lung cancer cells. Our findings suggest that POC1A may contribute to tumour development by modulating the cell cycle and immune cell infiltration. It also represents a potential therapeutic target and marker for the diagnosis and prognosis of LUAD.
As required by the Energy Policy Act of 2005, utility companies across the U.S. are offering TOU (time-of-use) based electricity demand response programs. The TOU rate gives consumers opportunities ...to manage their electricity bill by shifting use from on-peak periods to mid-peak and off-peak periods. Reducing the amount of electricity needed during the peak load times makes it possible for the power grid to meet consumers' needs without building more costly backup infrastructures and help reduce GHG (greenhouse gas) emissions. Previous research on the applications of TOU and other electricity demand response programs has been mainly focused on residential and commercial buildings while largely neglected industrial manufacturing systems. This paper proposes a systems approach for TOU based electricity demand response for sustainable manufacturing systems under the production target constraint. Key features of this approach include: (i) the electricity related costs including both consumption and demand are integrated into production system modeling; (ii) energy-efficient and demand-responsive production scheduling problems are formulated and the solution technique is provided; and (iii) the effects of various factors on the near-optimal scheduling solutions are examined. The research outcome is expected to enhance the energy efficiency, electricity demand responsiveness, and cost effectiveness of modern manufacturing systems.
•We propose a TOU based demand response approach for manufacturing systems.•Both electricity consumption and demand are integrated into the system modeling.•Energy-efficient and demand-responsive production scheduling problems are formulated.•The meta-heuristic solution technique is provided.•The effects of various factors on the scheduling solutions are examined.
Herein, an environmentally friendly electrochemical approach is reported that takes advantage of the captodative effect and delocalization effect to generate nitrogen‐centered radicals (NCRs). By ...changing the reaction parameters of the electrode material and feedstock solubility, dearomatization enabled a selective dehydrogenative C−N versus N−N bond formation reaction. Hence, pyrido1,2‐abenzimidazole and tetraarylhydrazine frameworks were prepared through a sustainable transition‐metal‐ and exogenous oxidant‐free strategy with broad generality. Bioactivity assays demonstrated that pyrido1,2‐abenzimidazoles displayed antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity against human cancer cells. Compound 21 exhibited good photochemical properties with a large Stokes shift (approximately 130 nm) and was successfully applied to subcellular imaging. A preliminary mechanism investigation and density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed the possible reaction pathway.
Tunable C−N versus N−N bond formation of nitrogen‐centered radicals was achieved by an electrochemical dehydrogenative dearomatization strategy. Control experiments, DFT calculations, and investigations of the electrode material elucidated the origin of the chemoselectivity. Bioactivity assays demonstrated that pyrido1,2‐abenzimidazoles displayed antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity against human cancer cells.
Organic electrodes for low-cost potassium ion batteries (PIBs) are attracting more interest by virtue of their molecular diversity, environmental friendliness, and operation safety. But the sluggish ...potassium diffusion kinetics, dissolution in organic electrolyte, poor electronic conductivity, and low reversible capacities are several drawbacks compared with inorganic counterparts. Herein, the boronic ester based covalent organic framework (COF) material is successfully prepared on the exterior surface of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) via rational design of the organic condensation reaction and used as an anode material for PIBs. The few-layered structure of COF-10@CNT can provide more exposed active sites and fast K+ kinetics. It exhibits ultrahigh potassium storage performances (large reversible capacities of 288 mAh g–1 after 500 cycles at 0.1 A g–1 and 161 mAh g–1 after 4000 cycles at 1 A g–1), which is superior to previous organic electrodes and most inorganic electrodes. Moreover, the K-storage mechanism is proposed to be π-cation interaction between K+ and conjugated π-electrons of benzene rings.
Remarkable hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) or superior oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalyst has been applied in water splitting, however, utilizing a bifunctional catalyst for simultaneously ...generating H2 and O2 is still a challenging issue, which is crucial for improving the overall efficiency of water electrolysis. Herein, inspired by the superiority of carbon conductivity, the propitious H atom binding energy of metallic cobalt, and better OER activity of cobalt oxide, we synthesized cobalt–cobalt oxide/N-doped carbon hybrids (CoO x @CN) composed of Co0, CoO, Co3O4 applied to HER and OER by simple one-pot thermal treatment method. CoO x @CN exhibited a small onset potential of 85 mV, low charge-transfer resistance (41 Ω), and considerable stability for HER. Electrocatalytic experiments further indicated the better performance of CoO x @CN for HER can be attributed to the high conductivity of carbon, the synergistic effect of metallic cobalt and cobalt oxide, the stability of carbon-encapsulated Co nanoparticles, and the introduction of electron-rich nitrogen. In addition, when used as catalysts of OER, the CoO x @CN hybrids required 0.26 V overpotential for a current density of 10 mA cm–2, which is comparable even superior to many other non-noble metal catalysts. More importantly, an alkaline electrolyzer that approached ∼20 mA cm–2 at a voltage of 1.55 V was fabricated by applying CoO x @CN as cathode and anode electrocatalyst, which opened new possibilities for exploring overall water splitting catalysts.
It is often difficult to obtain sufficient training data for adaptive signal detection, which is required to calculate the unknown noise covariance matrix. Additionally, interference is frequently ...present, which complicates the detecting issue. We provide a two-step method, termed interference cancellation before detection (ICBD), to address the issue of signal detection in the unknown Gaussian noise and subspace interference. The first involves projecting the test and training data to the interference-orthogonal subspace in order to suppress the interference. Utilizing traditional adaptive detector design ideas is the next stage. Due to the smaller dimension of the projected data, the ICBD-based detectors can function with little training data. The ICBD has two additional benefits over traditional detectors. Lower computational burden and proper operation with interference being in the training data are two additional benefits of ICBD-based detectors over conventional ones. We also give the statistical properties of the ICBD-based detectors and demonstrate their equivalence with the traditional ones in the special case of a large amount of training data containing no interference.
The Target. The purpose of this study is to explore the reduction of sports injury risk and verify the effective methods and means of athlete’s muscle injury rehabilitation. Methods. In this study, ...80 sanda athletes from a university were randomly selected as subjects, and the main parts of injury of all subjects were counted. After 12 weeks of muscle injury rehabilitation intervention, the pain, acute injury, and technical and tactical evaluation levels of subjects in the intervention group and the control group were compared. Results/Discussion. The overall performance of the 80 subjects’ basic exercise ability was at a moderate level, and there was no significant difference between male and female subjects (P >0.05). After 12 weeks of rehabilitation intervention, there was no significant difference in the scores of shoulder joint flexibility, supine straight leg raising, and trunk stable support between male and female subjects in the intervention group in more than 7 sports (P >0.05). In the control group, there were significant differences in the scores of shoulder flexibility and trunk stability of male and female subjects (P<0.05). Future research should further explore the effect of muscle injury rehabilitation on effectively reducing potential sports injuries and introduce advanced and effective medical rehabilitation methods.
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