We determine 3‐D isotropic and anisotropic P‐wave velocity models beneath eastern SE Asia by inverting a large number of P‐wave arrival times selected from the ISC‐EHB database. Our results reveal ...detailed structures of the subducting South China Sea (SCS), Negros, Molucca Sea, Philippine Sea, and Banda slabs, the previously subducted Proto‐SCS slab and remnants of other paleo slabs, showing long‐lived subductions of these oceanic slabs in eastern SE Asia. There is an obvious change in the subduction angle of the SCS slab at 18°N along the Manila trench. We suggest that the relatively low dip angle of the SCS slab to the south of 18°N was caused by subduction of an extinct mid‐ocean ridge, and a slab tear is possibly formed at 18°N. This feature is supported by the resolved fast velocity directions (FVDs) of P‐wave azimuthal anisotropy in the mantle wedge, which show that 3‐D toroidal mantle flow may develop around the southern part of the SCS slab. Trench‐normal FVDs are revealed in the deeper mantle wedge of the Sangihe subduction zone, which are associated with the deep subduction and stagnancy of the Molucca Sea slab. A nearly trench‐parallel FVD is observed beneath the Molucca Sea slab, which may be caused by trench‐parallel extension due to the retreating slab or reflect subslab mantle flow associated with the double‐sided subduction. The subducting Banda slab exhibits a curved feature, which greatly affects the flow pattern in the mantle wedge.
Plain Language Summary
Studying seismic anisotropy can provide direct constraints on the mantle flow field in subduction zones, which is essential for our understanding of subduction dynamics. Shear wave splitting measurements are widely used to investigate the upper‐mantle anisotropy in subduction zones. However, due to the poor vertical resolution of this technique, the depth and origin of anisotropy are less well constrained. In this study, we use P‐wave anisotropic tomography to investigate depth‐dependent azimuthal anisotropy in the eastern SE Asian subduction zones. We find that seismic anisotropy exists in a wide depth range from the shallow mantle to the mantle transition zone (410–660 km depths), exhibiting complex mantle flow patterns in the subduction system with slab subductions at various stages.
Key Points
A tear exists in the subducting SCS slab, which induces a complex flow pattern
Trench‐normal mantle flow is found in the deep upper mantle behind the Sangihe arc, which is caused by subduction of the Molucca Sea slab
Significant azimuthal anisotropy is observed in stagnant slabs in the MTZ, which may reflect the slab LPO of wadsleyite
Background and Aim
Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is used for treating unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but its efficacy still needs to be improved. Recombinant adenovirus p53 ...(rAd‐p53) injection is a gene therapeutic agent that could improve the prognosis of HCC patients. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of rAd‐p53‐based TACE for treating unresectable HCC.
Methods
Prospective analysis of patients who received rAd‐p53‐based TACE or TACE alone in Chongqing Cancer Institute from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2012. The primary endpoint is overall survival. The secondary endpoints were progression‐free survival, response rate, and safety.
Results
One hundred two patients were enrolled in this study. Forty‐nine patients received the rAd‐p53‐based TACE, and 53 patients received TACE alone. The rAd‐p53‐based TACE treatment strategy improved the overall survival (hazard ratio: 0.58, 95% confidence interval: 0.35–0.96, P = 0.035), progression‐free survival (hazard ratio: 0.60, 95% confidence interval: 0.37–0.97, P = 0.037), response rate (P = 0.047) compared with TACE monotherapy. The rAd‐p53‐based TACE treatment group caused more occurrences of fever than with TACE alone (P = 0.01). However, symptomatic treatment may solve this problem.
Conclusions
rAd‐p53‐based TACE treatment strategy is effective and safe for treating unresectable HCC. Large‐scale randomized clinical trials are needed to verify these results.
, characterized by its expansive leaves, low height, strong reproductive capacity, and abundant bioactive compounds, has extensive utility in the realms of food processing, the manufacturing of ...packaging materials, and the advancement of novel pharmaceuticals. Two light environments, CK (100% full light) and ST (50% full light), were established to explore the effects of low-light environments on the reproductive ability, morphological characteristics, photosynthetic properties, and leaf active substances of 14
species. The findings revealed that in comparison to the CK treatment, for 14 species of
under the ST treatment, (1) the diameter, single leaf area, and leaf area index increased by 8.27%, 8.14%, and 17.88%, respectively; (2) the net photosynthetic rate decreased by 15.14%, and the total chlorophyll contents increased by 20.25%; and (3) the total flavonoid contents increased by 18.28% in autumn, the total polyphenol contents increased by 48.96% in spring, and the total polysaccharide contents increased by 31.44% and 30.81% in summer and winter, respectively. In summary,
are adapted to survive in low-light environments; the growth and physiological indices differ significantly between the two light environments, and the low-light environment can effectively promote the growth and development of the leaves. Furthermore, the leaves are rich in flavonoids, polyphenols, polysaccharides, and active substances, which are affected by the light intensity and the season to varying degrees, and autumn and winter are the best times for harvesting the leaves. The leaves of
and
are richest in flavonoids and polyphenols, while the leaves of
cv. fuminer are richest in polysaccharides. The main findings of this study demonstrate that
has strong shade tolerance and tremendous leaf value, laying the foundation for broadening the application of their leaves and for their industrial development in understory composite planting systems.
Recent studies have shown that the combined application of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and degradable chelating agents can enhance EDTA's affinity for heavy metals and reduce its toxicity, ...but the effect of this combination on the phytoremediation remains largely unknown. This study evaluated and compared the effects of EDTA, nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), and glutamic acid-N,N-diacetic acid (GLDA) alone (E, N, G treatment), and in combination (EN and EG treatment), on the growth of dwarf bamboo (
Q. H. Dai), their phytoremediation efficiency, and the soil environment in Pb-contaminated soil. The results showed that treatment E significantly reduced the biomass, while treatments N and EN were more conducive to the distribution of aerial plant biomass. Except for treatment E, the total Pb accumulation in all treatments increased significantly, with the highest increase in treatment EN. For double chelating agents, the acid-soluble Pb concentrations in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils of treatments EN and EG were lower than those of treatment E, and the soil water-soluble Pb content after 20 days of treatment EN was significantly lower than that of treatment EG. Furthermore, chelating agents generally increased soil-enzyme activity in rhizosphere soil, indicating that chelating agents may promote plant heavy-metal uptake by changing the rhizosphere environment. In conclusion, treatment EN had the highest phytoremediation efficiency and significantly lower environmental risk than treatments E and EG, highlighting its massive potential for application in phytoremediation of Pb-contaminated soil when combined with
.
Abstract
Background and Aim
Transarterial chemoembolization (
TACE
) is used for treating unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (
HCC
), but its efficacy still needs to be improved. Recombinant ...adenovirus
p
53 (r
A
d‐
p
53) injection is a gene therapeutic agent that could improve the prognosis of
HCC
patients. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of r
A
d‐
p
53‐based
TACE
for treating unresectable
HCC
.
Methods
Prospective analysis of patients who received r
A
d‐
p
53‐based
TACE
or
TACE
alone in
C
hongqing
C
ancer
I
nstitute from
J
anuary 1, 2011 to
D
ecember 31, 2012. The primary endpoint is overall survival. The secondary endpoints were progression‐free survival, response rate, and safety.
Results
One hundred two patients were enrolled in this study. Forty‐nine patients received the r
A
d‐
p
53‐based
TACE
, and 53 patients received
TACE
alone. The r
A
d‐
p
53‐based
TACE
treatment strategy improved the overall survival (hazard ratio: 0.58, 95% confidence interval: 0.35–0.96,
P
= 0.035), progression‐free survival (hazard ratio: 0.60, 95% confidence interval: 0.37–0.97,
P
= 0.037), response rate (
P
= 0.047) compared with
TACE
monotherapy. The r
A
d‐
p
53‐based
TACE
treatment group caused more occurrences of fever than with
TACE
alone (
P
= 0.01). However, symptomatic treatment may solve this problem.
Conclusions
r
A
d‐
p
53‐based
TACE
treatment strategy is effective and safe for treating unresectable
HCC
. Large‐scale randomized clinical trials are needed to verify these results.
Recent studies have shown that the combined application of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and degradable chelating agents can enhance EDTA’s affinity for heavy metals and reduce its toxicity, ...but the effect of this combination on the phytoremediation remains largely unknown. This study evaluated and compared the effects of EDTA, nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), and glutamic acid-N,N-diacetic acid (GLDA) alone (E, N, G treatment), and in combination (EN and EG treatment), on the growth of dwarf bamboo (Indocalamus decorus Q. H. Dai), their phytoremediation efficiency, and the soil environment in Pb-contaminated soil. The results showed that treatment E significantly reduced the biomass, while treatments N and EN were more conducive to the distribution of aerial plant biomass. Except for treatment E, the total Pb accumulation in all treatments increased significantly, with the highest increase in treatment EN. For double chelating agents, the acid-soluble Pb concentrations in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils of treatments EN and EG were lower than those of treatment E, and the soil water-soluble Pb content after 20 days of treatment EN was significantly lower than that of treatment EG. Furthermore, chelating agents generally increased soil-enzyme activity in rhizosphere soil, indicating that chelating agents may promote plant heavy-metal uptake by changing the rhizosphere environment. In conclusion, treatment EN had the highest phytoremediation efficiency and significantly lower environmental risk than treatments E and EG, highlighting its massive potential for application in phytoremediation of Pb-contaminated soil when combined with I. decorus.
Indocalamus, characterized by its expansive leaves, low height, strong reproductive capacity, and abundant bioactive compounds, has extensive utility in the realms of food processing, the ...manufacturing of packaging materials, and the advancement of novel pharmaceuticals. Two light environments, CK (100% full light) and ST (50% full light), were established to explore the effects of low-light environments on the reproductive ability, morphological characteristics, photosynthetic properties, and leaf active substances of 14 Indocalamus species. The findings revealed that in comparison to the CK treatment, for 14 species of Indocalamus under the ST treatment, (1) the diameter, single leaf area, and leaf area index increased by 8.27%, 8.14%, and 17.88%, respectively; (2) the net photosynthetic rate decreased by 15.14%, and the total chlorophyll contents increased by 20.25%; and (3) the total flavonoid contents increased by 18.28% in autumn, the total polyphenol contents increased by 48.96% in spring, and the total polysaccharide contents increased by 31.44% and 30.81% in summer and winter, respectively. In summary, Indocalamus are adapted to survive in low-light environments; the growth and physiological indices differ significantly between the two light environments, and the low-light environment can effectively promote the growth and development of the leaves. Furthermore, the leaves are rich in flavonoids, polyphenols, polysaccharides, and active substances, which are affected by the light intensity and the season to varying degrees, and autumn and winter are the best times for harvesting the leaves. The leaves of I. hunanensis and I. lacunosus are richest in flavonoids and polyphenols, while the leaves of I. kunmingensis cv. fuminer are richest in polysaccharides. The main findings of this study demonstrate that Indocalamus has strong shade tolerance and tremendous leaf value, laying the foundation for broadening the application of their leaves and for their industrial development in understory composite planting systems.
It is still unclear whether the timing of intracoronary stem cell therapy affects the therapeutic response in patients with myocardial infarction. The natural course of healing the infarction and the ...presence of putative homing signals within the damaged myocardium appear to favor cell engraftment during the transendothelial passage in the early days after reperfusion. However, the adverse inflammatory environment, with its high oxidative stress, might be deleterious if cells are administered too early after reperfusion. Here we highlight several aspects of the timing of intracoronary stem cell therapy. Our results showed that transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells at 2–4 weeks after myocardial infarction is more favorable for reduction of the scar area, inhibition of left ventricular remodeling, and recovery of heart function. Coronary injection of autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells at 2–4 weeks after acute myocardial infarction is safe and does not increase the incidence of complications.
The paper presents a high accuracy learning dynamic models system for gaze point mapping based on capturing eye movement from front camera of mobile devices. In the stage of detect pupil, we used a ...Haar feature-based cascade classifier for real-time eye detection, and connect region detect algorithm for pupil tracking. In the stage of gaze point mapping, we constructed a dynamic learning model by pupil coordinate data collected, denoising them by density-based cluster algorithm, and learning them with a mapping mechanism. Finally, the leaning models were evaluated by a set of experiments, and the results demonstrated the effectiveness of this approach.
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