Objective:
Anti-high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is involved in the pathogenesis of many inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, including psoriasis. The present study aimed to investigate the ...therapeutic effects of HMGB1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) in keratin 14 (K14)-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) transgenic homozygous mice.
Methods:
Twelve VEGF transgenic mice were randomly divided into two groups of six mice each: the anti-HMGB1 mAb group and the immune complex (IC) mAb group. The mice underwent intraperitoneal injection of anti-HMGB1 mAb or IC mAb once every 2 days for a total of three treatments. Compare the lesions on the ears of the mice and evaluate the severity of the lesions using the baseline and clinical scores on the last day of treatment. The changes in psoriasis-like lesions, cellular infiltration of T cells, dendritic cells, and neutrophils were detected by hematoxylin–eosin staining and immunohistochemistry. The mRNA expression of the inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-
γ
, and IL-17 in the lesions were assessed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The number of
γ
δ
T cells in the lesions of two groups were detected by flow cytometry. The
t
test was used to compare their differences.
Results:
The anti-HMGB1 mAb effectively ameliorated the clinical skin lesions. The clinical scores in the anti-HMGB1 mAb group were lower than those in the IC mAb group (6.00 ± 0.52
vs
. 10.83 ± 0.48,
P <
0.001). Histopathologic changes and improvements in the K14-VEGF transgenic homozygous mice were evident after three treatments. The scores of mice in the anti-HMGB1 mAb group were significantly lower than those in the IC mAb group (3.25 ± 0.71
vs
. 6.95 ± 0.83,
P
= 0.0033). The average epidermal thickness in the anti-HMGB1 mAb group was reduced by about 45% when compared with that in the IC mAb group (32.15 ± 7.08
vs.
64.69 ± 7.93,
P
= 0.0054). Moreover, anti-HMGB1 mAb also decreased the number of infiltrating CD3
+
T cells, myeloperoxidase-positive neutrophils, and CD11c
+
dendritic cells. The ratio of ear skin
γ
δ
T cells was reduced in anti-HMGB1 mAb treated group. The mRNA expression of IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ, and IL-17 in the anti-HMGB1 mAb group were significantly reduced when compared with IC mAb group (0.36 ± 0.070
vs
.1.98 ± 0.62,
P
= 0.0148; 6.43 ± 1.37
vs.
13.80 ± 1.33,
P
= 0.0006; 2.62 ± 0.83
vs.
7.77 ± 1.32,
P
= 0.0026; 4.69 ± 1.13
vs.
11.41 ± 1.92,
P
= 0.0054).
Conclusion:
HMGB1 blockade (anti-HMGB1 mAb) reduced leukocyte infiltration and suppressed inflammatory cytokine expression in this K14-VEGF transgenic mouse model, markedly reducing the severity of the psoriasis-like lesions. HMGB1 blockade might serve as a potential target for the treatment of psoriasis.
Organosulfur compounds are the basis for the unique aroma of Lentinula edodes, and cysteine sulfoxide lyase (C-S lyase) is the key enzyme in this trait. The enzyme from Alliium sativum has been ...crystallized and well-characterized; however, there have been no reports of the characterization of fungi C-S lyase at the molecular level. We identified a L. edodes C-S lyase (Lecsl), cloned a gene of Csl encoded Lecsl and then combined modeling, simulations, and experiments to understand the molecular basis of the function of Lecsl. Our analysis revealed Lecsl to be a novel cysteine desulfurase and not a type of cysteine sulfoxide lyase. The pyridoxal-5-phosphate (PLP) molecule bonded tightly to Lecsl to form a Lecsl-PLP complex. Moreover, the Lecsl had one active center that served to bind two kinds of substrates, S-methyl-L-cysteine sulfoxide and L-cysteine, and had both cysteine sulfoxide lyase and cysteine desulfurase activity. We found that the amino acid residue Asn393 was essential for the catalytic activity of Lecsl and that the gene Csl encoded a novel cysteine desulfurase to influence organosulfur compounds in L. edodes. Our results provide a new insight into understanding the formation of the unique aroma of L. edodes.
► GGT and C-S lyase from Lentinula edodes were purified and characterised. ► Both GGT and C-S lyase caused the generation of endogenous formaldehyde. ► GGT was composed of subunits of 41 and 25kDa, ...C-S lyase was a homodimer of 46kDa. ► GGT was optimally active at pH 8.8/37°C, stable at pH 8.0–10.0/20–50°C. ► C-S lyase was optimally active at pH 8.5/40°C, stable at pH 8.0–9.0/20–60°C.
In this study, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and l-cysteine sulphoxide lyase (C-S lyase) were purified from the fruiting body of Lentinula edodes in three steps and then characterised. We found that GGT together with C-S lyase caused the generation of endogenous formaldehyde in L. edodes. GGT was composed of a large subunit of 41kDa and a small subunit of 25kDa, and C-S lyase was composed of two identical subunits of 46kDa, as determined by SDS–PAGE. GGT was stable at pH 8.0–10.0 with an optimum pH of 8.8, and was stable at 20–50°C with an optimum activity at 37°C. C-S lyase was stable at pH 8.0–9.0 with an optimum pH of 8.5, and was stable at 20–60°C with an optimum activity at 40°C. The present work supports the study of the mechanism of endogenous formaldehyde in L. edodes.
Purpose - The traditional total variation (TV) models in wavelet domain use thresholding directly in coefficients selection and show that Gibbs' phenomenon exists. However, the nonzero coefficient ...index set selected by hard thresholding techniques may not be the best choice to obtain the least oscillatory reconstructions near edges. This paper aims to propose an image denoising method based on TV and grey theory in the wavelet domain to solve the defect of traditional methods.Design methodology approach - In this paper, the authors divide wavelet into two parts: low frequency area and high frequency area; in different areas different methods are used. They apply grey theory in wavelet coefficient selection. The new algorithm gives a new method of wavelet coefficient selection, solves the nonzero coefficients sort, and achieves a good image denoising result while reducing the phenomenon of "Gibbs."Findings - The results show that the method proposed in this paper can distinguish between the information of image and noise accurately and also reduce the Gibbs artifacts. From the comparisons, the model proposed preserves the important information of the image very well and shows very good performance.Originality value - The proposed image denoising model introducing grey relation analysis in the wavelet coefficients selecting and modifying is original. The proposed model provides a viable tool to engineers for processing the image.
Effective recognition of tags in the dynamic measurement system would significantly improve the reading performance of the tag group, but the blurred outline and appearance of tag images captured in ...motion seriously limit the effectiveness of the existing tag group recognition. Thus, this paper proposes passive tag group recognition in the dynamic environment based on motion blur estimation and improved YOLOv2. Firstly, blur angles are estimated with a Gabor filter, and blur lengths are estimated through nonlinear modelling of a Generalized Regression Neural Network (GRNN). Secondly, tag recognition based on YOLOv2 improved by a Gaussian algorithm is proposed. The features of the tag group are analyzed by the Gaussian algorithm, the region of interest of the dynamic tag is effectively framed, and the tag foreground is extracted; Secondly, the data set of tag groups are trained by the end-to-end YOLOv2 algorithm for secondary screening and recognition, and finally the specific locations of tags are framed to meet the effective identification of tag groups in different scenes. A considerable number of experiments illustrate that the fusion algorithm can significantly improve recognition accuracy. Combined with the reading distance, the research presented in this paper can more accurately optimize the three-dimensional structure of the tag group, improve the reading performance of the tag group, and avoid the interference and collision of tags in the communication channel. Compared with the previous template matching algorithm, the tag group recognition ability put forward in this paper is improved by at least 13.9%, and its reading performance is improved by at least 6.2% as shown in many experiments.
Polymer networks containing trithiocarbonate units as its dynamic covalent system able to radically response to external stimulus are successfully prepared via reversible addition-fragmentation chain ...transfer polymerization (RAFT). Irradiation with microwave in a few minutes causes the rehealing of the cross-linked polymer's architecture in a microscopic scale, shows which behaviors are present in the swelling property evolution, and shows macroscopic fusion of completely separated gel pieces. The influence of several parameters on healing result was investigated. A plausible mechanism was also proposed. This reorganizable chemical gels has a distinct structure manipulatable property and could has a broadly potential application as a kind of "smart" materials.
Lotus root-like porous silicon/carbon composite was synthesized via magnesiothermic reduction and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method, using mesoporous silica SBA-15 as silicon source. X-ray ...diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and nitrogen adsorption-desorption measurements were used to study the effects of the raw material ratio, mixing-pressing method and reaction temperature on the phase composition and morphology of the lotus root-like porous silicon. The optimal synthesis condition of porous silicon is that the uniformly mixed precursors with the excess amount of 20wt% Mg powder after ball-milling are directly reacted at 750 degree C for 4 h. The electrochemical tests reveal the porous silicon/carbon composite material maintains the reversible capacity of 1633.1 mAh/g at a current density of 0.5 A/g after 70 charge-discharge cycles, and attains 580.1 mAh/g even at 8 A/g.
The analysis technique of fluorescence is adopted to study the intensity of excitation fluorescence of blood in the present paper. The theoretical analysis and differences of normal and abnormal ...blood (hyperglycemia, hyperlipemia) are presented. The theoretical analysis was proved by experiment results. It was discovered that blood sugar consistency has an effect on blood fluorescence. In other words, with the same excitation wavelength and with blood sugar consistency increasing, the fluorescence intensity increases gradually. It is obvious that blood sugar is also a kind of fluorescein, and its consistency has an effect on fluorescence intensity, which is identical with the theoretical analysis, indicating that the experiment is successful, and it is possible to distinguish blood sugar consistency by comparing the fluorescence intensity in blood. It was also discovered that the higher the cholesterin content, the more intense the fluorescence. When excitation wavelength is especially 435 nm, the phenomenon
This paper regards the dynamic performance of radio frequency identification (RFID) positioning system as the analysis target. In this paper, the transmission from the static performance evaluation ...of RFID positioning system to the dynamic one is done. The Fisher information matrix and identification value are introduced to evaluate the dynamic positioning performance of RFID system. The positioning performance at the case of different paths, motion rates and number of reference tags could be evaluated by calculating the Fisher information matrix and identification value. The numerical simulation shows that motion paths and rate of target and the number of reference tags, could directly affect the positioning performance of RFID system. The findings also indicate that the selected motion path and rate of the target have a direct impact on the positioning performance. Furthermore, adjusting motion path of target close to the geometric center of reference tags and reducing motion rate and acceleration appropriately could optimize the dynamic identification performance of RFID positioning system. This method provides a reference for improving the positioning performance and reducing the measurement error of RFID system
Objective To study the role of matrix vesicles bodies (MVBs) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in the vascular calcification of type 2 diabetic rats. Methods In vivo and in vitro vascular calcification ...models were developed by streptozotocin (STZ) plus vitamin D3 in rats with high-fat diet and β-glycerophosphate and high-glucose medium in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), respectively. Calcium deposition was detected by PET/CT, Von Kossa staining or alizarin red S staining. The expression of runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX 2), annexin-Ⅵ and IL-1β were detected by immunofluorescence staining, real-time quantitative PCR or Western blot. Results The aortic artery of calcified rats and the in vitro VSMCs both showed obvious calcium deposits. Compared to the control group, the expressions of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and RUNX 2 significantly increased in the calcification group (P＜0.01, P＜0.05). At the same time, the expression of annexin-Ⅵ and IL-1β was also significantly up-regulated (P＜0.01, P
PDF
