Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are millisecond-duration radio transients
of unknown origin. Two possible mechanisms that could generate extremely coherent emission from FRBs invoke neutron star ...magnetospheres
or relativistic shocks far from the central energy source
. Detailed polarization observations may help us to understand the emission mechanism. However, the available FRB polarization data have been perplexing, because they show a host of polarimetric properties, including either a constant polarization angle during each burst for some repeaters
or variable polarization angles in some other apparently one-off events
. Here we report observations of 15 bursts from FRB 180301 and find various polarization angle swings in seven of them. The diversity of the polarization angle features of these bursts is consistent with a magnetospheric origin of the radio emission, and disfavours the radiation models invoking relativistic shocks.
•NV-HAP among hospitalized Veterans decreased steadily between 2015 and 2020.•NV-HAP rates increased by 25% among 2019-nCoV- and 108% among 2019-nCoV+ Veterans.•Hospitalized Veterans experienced an ...increased NV-HAP risk during 2019-nCoV.•Fundamental infection prevention and nursing care are essential to reduce NV-HAP.
Among hospitalized US Veterans, the rate of non-ventilator associated hospital acquired pneumonia (NV-HAP) decreased between 2015 and 2020 then increased following the onset of 2019-nCoV (COVID-19).
Veterans admitted to inpatient acute care for ≥48 hours at 135 Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Centers between 2015 and 2021 were identified (n = 1,567,275). Non-linear trends in NV-HAP incidence were estimated using generalized additive modeling, adjusted for seasonality and patient risk factors.
The incidence rate (IR) of NV-HAP decreased linearly by 32% (95% CI: 63-74) from 10/1/2015 to 2/1/2020, translating to 337 fewer NV-HAP cases. Following the US onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2020, the NV-HAP IR increased by 25% (95% CI: 14-36) among Veterans without COVID-19 and 108% (95% CI: 178-245) among Veterans with COVID-19, resulting in an additional 50 NV-HAP cases and $5,042,900 in direct patient care costs 12-months post admission.
This increase in NV-HAP rates could be driven by elevated risk among Veterans with COVID-19, decreased prevention measures during extreme COVID-19 related system stress, and increased patient acuity among hospitalized Veterans during the first year of the pandemic.
Basic nursing preventive measures that are resilient to system stress are needed as well as population surveillance to rapidly identify changes in NV-HAP risk.
Measuring the Higgs self-coupling is one of the crucial physics goals at the LHC Run-2 and other future colliders. In this work, we attempt to figure out the size of SUSY effects on the trilinear ...self-coupling of the 125 GeV Higgs boson in the MSSM and NMSSM after the LHC Run-1. Taking account of current experimental constraints, such as the Higgs data, flavor constraints, electroweak precision observables and dark matter detections, we obtain the observations: (1) In the MSSM, the ratio λ3hMSSM/λ3hSM has been tightly constrained by the LHC data, which can be only slightly smaller than 1 and minimally reach 97%; (2) In the NMSSM with λ<0.7, a sizable reduction of λ3h2NMSSM/λ3h2SM can occur and minimally reach 10% when the lightest CP-even Higgs boson mass mh1 is close to the SM-like Higgs boson mh2 due to the large mixing angle between the singlet and doublet Higgs bosons; (3) In the NMSSM with λ>0.7, a large enhancement or reduction −1.1<λ3h1NMSSM/λ3h1SM<2 can occur, which is accompanied by a sizable change of h1τ+τ− coupling. The future colliders, such as the HL-LHC and ILC, will have the capacity to test these large deviations in the NMSSM.
A
bstract
Understanding how sea quarks behave inside a nucleon is one of the most important physics goals of the proposed Electron-Ion Collider in China (EicC), which is designed to have a 3.5 GeV ...polarized electron beam (80% polarization) colliding with a 20 GeV polarized proton beam (70% polarization) at instantaneous luminosity of 2 × 10
33
cm
−
2
s
−
1
. A specific topic at EicC is to understand the polarization of individual quarks inside a longitudinally polarized nucleon. The potential of various future EicC data, including the inclusive and semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering data from both doubly polarized electron-proton and electron-
3
He collisions, to reduce the uncertainties of parton helicity distributions is explored at the next-to-leading order in QCD, using the Error PDF Updating Method Package (
e
P
ump
) which is based on the Hessian profiling method. We show that the semi-inclusive data are well able to provide good separation between flavour distributions, and to constrain their uncertainties in the
x >
0
.
005 region, especially when electron-
3
He collisions, acting as effective electron-neutron collisions, are taken into account. To enable this study, we have generated a Hessian representation of the DSSV14 set of PDF replicas, named DSSV14H PDFs.
We propose to utilize the exclusive Z-boson rare decays Z→ϒ(ns)+γ to constrain the Zbb¯ couplings at the HL-LHC and 100 TeV proton-proton collider. We demonstrate that the event yield of the proposed ...processes is sensitive to the axial-vector component of the Zbb¯ coupling and can provide complementary information to the jet-charge weighted single-spin asymmetry measurement at the EIC and the gg→Zh production rate measurement at the LHC. By applying the NRQCD factorization formalism, we calculate the partial decay width of Z→ϒ(ns)+γ to the NLO accuracy in strong interaction, which is found to agree with those obtained from the light-cone distribution amplitude approach. We show that the HL-LHC can break the degeneracy of the Zbb¯ couplings, as implied by the precision electroweak data at LEP and SLC, if the signal efficiency can be improved by a factor of 1.7 from the present ATLAS analysis at the 13 TeV LHC with an integrated luminosity of 36.1fb−1.
We study Higgs boson plus two high energy jets production at the LHC in the kinematics where the two jets are well separated in rapidity. The partonic processes are dominated by the t-channel weak ...boson fusion (WBF) and gluon fusion (GF) contributions. We derive the associated QCD resummation formalism for the correlation analysis where the total transverse momentum q⊥ of the Higgs boson and two jets is small. Because of different color structures, the resummation results lead to distinguished behaviors: the WBF contribution peaks at relative low q⊥ while all GF channel contributions are strongly de-correlated and spread to a much wider q⊥ range. By applying a kinematic cut on q⊥, one can effectively increase the WBF signal to the GF background by a significant factor. This greatly strengthens the ability to investigate the WBF channel in Higgs boson production and study the couplings of Higgs to electroweak bosons.
•NV-HAP leads to longer length of stay and higher mortality and health care costs.•Data available at admission is insufficient for risk stratification.•Approximately 20% of all sepsis cases were ...associated with NV-HAP.•Evidence-based prevention efforts should target all hospitalized patients.
Non-ventilator associated hospital acquired pneumonia (NV-HAP) affects approximately 1 in 100 hospitalized patients yet risk-adjusted outcomes associated with developing NV-HAP are unknown.
Retrospective cohort study with propensity score matched populations (NV-HAP vs no NV-HAP), using ICD-10 codes for bacterial pneumonia not present on admission. Outcomes included the patient level probability of NV-HAP developing among acute care non-transfer admissions in 133 Veterans Affairs hospitals and subsequent mortality, length of stay, inpatient sepsis, and 12-month costs.
NV-HAP occurred in 0.6% of Veteran admissions. Among admissions that developed NV-HAP, the mean length of stay of 26.3 days (6.72 days among non-NV-HAP), 30-day mortality was 18.4% (4.5% among non-NV-HAP), 1-year mortality was 47.8% (21.4% among non-NV-HAP), and total median 12-month direct medical costs were $138,136.32 ($64,357.21 among non-NV-HAP). Inpatient sepsis occurred in approximately 20% of NV-HAP admissions (0.7% among non-NV-HAP). Data available at admission was insufficient to identify high and low risk patient groups.
NV-HAP is associated with severely worse patient outcomes and increased costs of care up to 12 months post-episode. Since population risk stratification is not feasible, prevention efforts should be directed at the full population of hospitalized Veterans.
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