Heavy metal contamination has become a worldwide problem through disturbing the normal functions of rivers and lakes. Sediment, as the largest storage and resources of heavy metal, plays a rather ...important role in metal transformations. This paper provides a review on the geochemical forms, affecting factors and remediation technologies of heavy metal in sediment. The in situ remediation of sediment aims at increasing the stabilization of some metals such as the mobile and the exchangeable fractions; whereas, the ex situ remediation mainly aims at removing those potentially mobile metals, such as the Mn-oxides and the organic matter (OM) fraction. The pH and OM can directly change metals distribution in sediment; however oxidation–reduction potential (ORP), mainly through changing the pH values, indirectly alters metals distribution. Mainly ascribed to their simple operation mode, low costs and fast remediation effects, in situ remediation technologies, especially being fit for slight pollution sediment, are applied widely. However, for avoiding metal secondary pollution from sediment release, ex situ remediation should be the hot point in future research.
Observations of six glitches in PSR B1737−30 Zou, W. Z.; Wang, N.; Manchester, R. N. ...
Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society,
March 2008, Volume:
384, Issue:
3
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Six glitches have been recently observed in the rotational frequency of the young pulsar PSR B1737−30 (J1740−3015) using the 25-m Nanshan telescope of Urumqi Observatory. With a total of 20 glitches ...in 20 yr, it is one of the most frequently glitching pulsars of the ∼1750 known pulsars. Glitch amplitudes are very variable with fractional increases in rotation rate ranging from 10−9 to 10−6. Interglitch intervals are also very variable, but no relationship is observed between interval and the size of the preceding glitch. There is a persistent increase in , opposite in sign to that expected from slowdown with a positive braking index, which may result from changes in the effective magnetic dipole moment of the star during the glitch.
Objective
To estimate provincial, regional and national newborn screening coverage throughout China.
Method
Information about newborn screening was collected using a survey questionnaire from ...neonatal screening laboratories in China in 2006–2007. The total number of live births at the provincial and national levels was obtained from the Maternal and Child Health Information System (MCHIS) and the State Statistics Bureau (SSB), respectively, and was used to calculate the neonatal screening coverage at the provincial, regional and national levels.
Results
There were 185 laboratories providing neonatal screening services in China in 2007. The rates of national screening coverage in 2006 and 2007 were 31.27% and 39.96%, respectively, based on live birth numbers reported by the SSB. Both of these estimates are lower than those calculated from live birth numbers reported by the MCHIS. The rates of coverage in the Eastern, Middle and Western regions were about 84.90%, 30.41% and 19.82%, respectively, based on the live birth numbers reported by the MCHIS.
Conclusion
There are disparities in screening coverage between regions and between provinces throughout China, but the extent of this is difficult to ascertain because of the different systems of reporting live births. To calculate nationwide screening coverage it is probably appropriate to use the SSB data on live births. However, for provincial screening coverage the calculation is probably best based on the number of live births reported by the MCHIS once the validity of the MCHIS data is verified.
To investigate the clinical features, therapy and prognosis of Behcet's disease(BD) complicated with pulmonary vascular diseases (PVD).
The clinical manifestation, hemodynamics, pulmonary artery ...angiographic findings, therapy and prognosis of PVD in BD in Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital from January 2009 to August 2016 were analyzed retrospectively.
Seven patients with average of (37±20) years were included. The ratio of male
. female was 6∶1. Vascular involvement included pulmonary hypertension (PH) (4/7), pulmonary embolism (PE) (3/7) and pulmonary artery aneurysms (PAA) (3/7). All patients received immunosuppressive agents and all PH patients had therapy of PH target drugs. Three out of 4 PE patients underwent anticoagulant therapy.
PVD is a rare complication of BD. The common clinical manifestations are PH, PE and PAA. Management of immunosuppressive agents may improve the prognosis and should be recommended.
•Speed adjustment strategy proposed to resist bus bunching.•Various speed adjustment schedules in the dedicated bus lane are considered.•Multi-CTP looking-ahead mechanism is used to determine the ...regulating speed.•The stability of a bus line is improved with the reduced waiting and riding times of passengers.
Bus bunching and the unevenly dispersed buses along a bus line commonly appear in an unstable high-frequency bus line system. They will lead to unreliable transit service and long waiting times for many passengers. To resist bus bunching and improve the stability of a bus line, researchers proposed some methods of adjusting the cruising speeds of buses. But their methods generally need to adjust the speeds in all road segments included in the bus line and sometimes need to coordinate the speeds of successively cruising buses. These requirements impede their implementations in practice. This paper presents a new strategy to overcome the above obstacles by adjusting the speeds of buses in the dedicated bus lanes. The regulating speed will be determined by looking multiple critical time points ahead to estimate the influence of the chosen speed. Numerical experiments show that the new strategy can not only stabilize a strongly unstable bus line but also shorten the waiting and riding times of passengers. Several insights have also been uncovered during numerical analyses. a. The set of regulating speeds used by an effective speed adjustment strategy should include refined elements and has a wide range for the values of its elements. b. Only with nonnegative elements in the above set, the strategy will be out of work. c. The more dedicated bus lanes in a bus line, the more effective the strategy becomes. The negligible computational time to supply the proper regulating speed makes the implementation of our strategy practical.
Abstract
Home smoking bans may be an effective way to promote tobacco cessation among treatment seeking smokers. Few studies have examined this relationship in a quitline setting. Data were obtained ...from 14,296 adults who were enrolled in a state quitline between January 2011 and July 2016. This study investigated whether cessation rates varied by changes in home smoking ban implementation between enrollment and 7-month follow-up. The impact of changes in home smoking bans on cessation at follow-up was significantly modified by having other smokers living in the home at follow-up (P < 0.0001). Among callers who did not live with other smokers in the home, the highest odds ratio of 30-day cessation was for callers who reported bans at follow-up only (OR = 10.50, 95%CI: 8.00, 13.70), followed by callers who reported bans at both enrollment and follow-up (OR = 8.02, 95%CI: 6.27, 10.30) and callers who reported bans at enrollment only (OR = 2.06, 95% CI: 1.47, 2.89) compared with callers with no home smoking bans. When callers reported that they lived with other smokers in the home, the effect of home smoking bans on cessation was much smaller. Quitlines should support the implementation of home smoking bans as a part of callers’ goal setting activities to achieve tobacco cessation.
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