A joint sparse representation (JSR) method has shown superior performance for the classification of hyperspectral images (HSIs). However, it is prone to be affected by outliers in the HSI spatial ...neighborhood. In order to improve the robustness of JSR, we propose a maximum likelihood estimation (MLE)-based JSR (MLEJSR) model, which replaces the traditional quadratic loss function with an MLE-like estimator for measuring the joint approximation error. The MLE-like estimator is actually a function of coding residuals. Given some priors on the coding residuals, the MLEJSR model can be easily converted to an iteratively reweighted JSR problem. Choosing a reasonable weight function, the effect of inhomogeneous neighboring pixels or outliers can be dramatically reduced. We provide a theoretical analysis of MLEJSR from the viewpoint of recovery error and evaluate its empirical performance on three public hyperspectral data sets. Both the theoretical and experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed MLEJSR method, especially in the case of large noise.
The state-of-the-art graph wavelet decomposition was constructed by maximum spanning tree (MST)-based downsampling and two-channel graph wavelet filter banks. In this work, we first show that: 1) the ...existing MST-based downsampling could become unbalanced, i.e., the sampling rate is far from 1/2, which eventually leads to low representation efficiency of the wavelet decomposition; and 2) not only low-pass components, but also some high-pass ones can be decomposed to potentially achieve better decomposition performance. Based on these observations, we propose a new framework of adaptive multiscale graph wavelet decomposition for signals defined on undirected graphs. Specifically, our framework consists of two phases. Phase 1, called pre-processing, addresses the downsampling unbalance issues. We design maximal decomposition level estimation, unbalance detection, and unbalance reduction algorithms such that the downsampling rates of all levels are close to 1/2. Phase 2 concerns about adaptively finding low- or high-pass components that are worthy to be decomposed to improve the compactness of the decomposition. We suggest a graph signal Shannon-entropy-based adaptive decomposition algorithm. With applications on synthetic and real-world graph signals, we demonstrate that our framework provides better performance in terms of downsampling balance and signal compression, compared with other graph wavelet decomposition methods.
This study systematically summarizes previous research efforts on Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) applied to energy and environment in the past four decades, including concepts and methodologies on ...DEA environmental assessment. Industrial developments are very important for all nations in terms of their economic prosperities. A problem is that the development produces various pollutions on air, water and other types of contaminations, all of which are usually associated with our health problems and climate changes. Thus, it is necessary for us to consider how to make a balance between economic success and pollution mitigation to maintain a high level of social sustainability in the world. It is widely considered that DEA is one of the methodologies to examine the level of sustainability. This study examines a recent research trend on DEA applications from 1980s to 2010s. Nowadays, many researchers have paid serious attention on how to combat various difficulties in the areas of energy and environment. As a result, the number of articles on DEA applications on energy and environment has dramatically increased, particularly after 2000s. However, it is true that DEA has strengths and drawbacks in the applications. Therefore, it is very important for us to carefully use DEA for guiding large policy issues and business strategies such as the global warming and climate change. An underlying premise of this study is that technology innovation in engineering and natural science may solve various problems by linking it with political and managerial efforts. The use of DEA provides a methodological linkage among them, so enhancing the practicality in mitigating problems due to climate change and environmental pollutions. This literature study, along with a summary on conceptual and methodological developments, provides us with guidelines for our future research works on DEA on energy and environment issues.
•This study summarizes previous research efforts on DEA applied energy and environment.•The literature survey covers 693 articles.•Technology innovation in engineering may solve various problems by linking it with economic and business concerns.•DEA provides a methodological linkage among engineering, natural and social sciences.
Most existing research uses experimental designs for testing, which cannot efficiently analyse the migration and sorting rules of particles in the disturbed slurry. Therefore, based on the fluidized ...bed flow film theory, a slurry flow film structure system is established according to the disturbance state of the fluid. On this basis, the particle size and distribution law of the disturbing force formed by slurry disturbance are analyzed, and the calculation model of single particle lift in the flowing film is also analyzed. On this basis, using Markov probability model, the probability of particle lifting and sorting between layers is theoretically deduced. Then, according to the particle ratio of the original mud, the settlement gradation of the particles in the disturbance is analyzed. It can also predict the separation degree of particle in natural turbulence, fluidized beds, and sludge mechanical dewatering. Finally, according to the particle flow software PFC (Particle Flow Code), the main influencing parameters (disturbing force and gradation) were verified and analyzed. The results show that the particle flow simulation results are in good agreement with the calculation results. The model of slurry membrane separation proposed in this paper can provide a basis for studying the mechanism of slurry disturbance separation and particle deposition.
Environmental protection, including the prevention of air pollution and health hazard materials such as PM2.5 and PM10, is now a very serious policy issue in China after attaining the rapid economic ...growth and development. The PM stands for “Particular Matter”, indicating the size of both solid particles and liquid droplets found in air. Unfortunately, the economic development has produced a serious healthcare problem in not only China and other surrounding nations. To enhance people's healthcare and appeal a good national image to the world, China is recently looking for the new industrial and environmental policy direction to attain social sustainability in terms of economic development and environmental prevention. To discuss policy implications on the new policy direction, this study utilizes Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) for assessment on its regional performance by incorporating PM2.5 and PM10 as undesirable outputs, along with two disposability concepts (i.e. natural disposability and managerial disposability). No previous DEA study has incorporated the amount of PM2.5 and PM10 in empirical investigation. Using a simulated data set for the period of 2013–2014, this study measures the efficiency of municipality cities under four different types of regional classifications. The empirical results indicate that the Chinese government should distribute its economic resources to cities, which locate in the northwest region (including Lanzhou, Xining, Yinchuan and Urumqi), and reinforce more strict regulation on energy consumptions for environmental prevention in major cities (e.g. Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai and Chongqing). The industrial policy change from the economic growth to the environment protection is essential for the future of China, which is currently the second largest economic power in the world. The environmental protection can enhance the China's image of contributing in economics, industry and environmental protection to all other nations. It can be envisioned that the new policy effort reduces the regional imbalance and increases the social sustainability in China. The empirical findings and policy implications discussed in this study are applicable to not only China but also other industrial and developing nations and those are useful in guiding their industrial and environmental policy development.
•This study discusses the Chinese new policy direction on social sustainability by DEA.•The proposed assessment on regional performance includes PM2.5 and PM10 as undesirable outputs.•Chinese government should distribute economic resources to cities in the northwest region.•More strict regulation policies on energy consumptions are necessary for major cities.
Since December 2019, the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has expanded to cause a worldwide outbreak that more than 600,000 people infected and tens of thousands died. To date, the clinical ...characteristics of COVID-19 patients in the non-Wuhan areas of Hubei Province in China have not been described.
We retrospectively analyzed the clinical characteristics and treatment progress of 91 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in Jingzhou Central Hospital.
Of the 91 patients diagnosed with COVID-19, 30 cases (33.0%) were severe and two patients (2.2%) died. The severe disease group tended to be older (50.5 vs. 42.0 years; p = 0.049) and have more chronic disease (40% vs. 14.8%; p = 0.009) relative to mild disease group. Only 73.6% of the patients were quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)-positive on their first tests, while typical chest computed tomography images were obtained for each patient. The most common complaints were cough (n = 75; 82.4%), fever (n = 59; 64.8%), fatigue (n = 35; 38.5%), and diarrhea (n = 14; 15.4%). Non-respiratory injury was identified by elevated levels of aspartate aminotransferase (n = 18; 19.8%), creatinine (n = 5; 5.5%), and creatine kinase (n = 14; 15.4%) in laboratory tests. Twenty-eight cases (30.8%) suffered non-respiratory injury, including 50% of the critically ill patients and 21.3% of the mild patients.
Overall, the mortality rate of patients in Jingzhou was lower than that of Wuhan. Importantly, we found liver, kidney, digestive tract, and heart injuries in COVID-19 cases besides respiratory problems. Combining chest computed tomography images with the qPCR analysis of throat swab samples can improve the accuracy of COVID-19 diagnosis.
As the “smart sports” continue to heat up, some colleges and universities have launched the first practice in sports in terms of information technology and extensive data management. In this paper, ...we first constructed an innovative sports public service platform using information technology, created an intelligent management mode of sports in colleges and universities, and realized the synergistic governance of services and management of sports. Then, based on entropy weight-TOPSIS method, it constructed an evaluation model for the quality of intelligent sports management. It solved the implementation effect of college innovative sports from informationization management matching degree, safety management feedback and informationization sports teaching feedback. The results show that the average value of the feedback scores for college sports safety management is above 35 points. Students’ learning engagement and sports interest before and after the introduction of sports teaching management in colleges and universities showed significant differences at the 1% level. The research presented in this paper is conducive to deepening and expanding theoretical research on topics such as computerized sports management and campus sports, and promoting modernization and development of sports teaching and management.
In order to assess the compressive strength (CS) of high-performance concrete (HPC) prepared with fly ash and blast furnace slag, several artificial-based analytics were applied. This study, it was ...employed the Chimp optimizer ( CO) to identify optimal values of determinative factors of Support vector regression (SVR) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), which could be adjusted to improve performance. The suggested approaches were established using 1030 tests, eight inputs (a primary component of mix designs, admixtures, aggregates, and curing age), and the CS as the forecasting objective. The outcomes were then contrasted with those found in the body of existing scientific literature. Calculation results point to the potential benefit of combining CO − SVR and CO − ANFIS study. When compared to the CO − SVR, the CO − ANFIS showed much higher R2 and lower Root means square error values. Comparing the findings shows that the created CO− ANFIS is superior to anything that has previously been published. In conclusion, the suggested CO − ANFIS analysis might be used to determine the proposed approach for estimating the CS of HPC augmented with blast furnace slag and fly ash.
NOTCH2NLC GGC repeat expansions were recently identified in neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID); however, it remains unclear whether they occur in other neurodegenerative disorders. This ...study aimed to investigate the role of intermediate‐length NOTCH2NLC GGC repeat expansions in Parkinson disease (PD). We screened for GGC repeat expansions in a cohort of 1,011 PD patients and identified 11 patients with intermediate‐length repeat expansions ranging from 41 to 52 repeats, with no repeat expansions in 1,134 controls. Skin biopsy revealed phospho‐alpha‐synuclein deposition, confirming the PD diagnosis in 2 patients harboring intermediate‐length repeat expansions instead of NIID or essential tremor. Fibroblasts from PD patients harboring intermediate‐length repeat expansions revealed NOTCH2NLC upregulation and autophagic dysfunction. Our results suggest that intermediate‐length repeat expansions in NOTCH2NLC are potentially associated with PD. ANN NEUROL 2021;89:182–187
This review summarizes the recent progress the emerging area of photochemical reaction initiated by Electron-donor–acceptor (EDA) complex in synthetic organic chemistry. Recent developments in the ...photochemical carbon–carbon and carbon–heteroatom bond formation using expensive transition-metal catalysts, toxic reagents, photoinduced bond dissociation are well known. Although the physicochemical properties of EDA complexes have been enormously studied in applied and materials chemistry but their use in synthetic chemistry remains unexplored. Great importance has given to develop an environmentally benign technology in order to improve the processes of radical generation. The radical reaction via EDA complexes process attracted much attention and achieved many advances in organic synthetic filed owing to avoiding the use of expensive transition-metal catalysts, toxic reagents, as well as explosive oxidants. We believe that this review will update researchers focused on searching new photochemical reaction via EDA mechanism and will encourage further growth in this field.
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•This review aims to describe representative synthetic applications via EDA process.•EDA process provides a valuable method to construct C-X bond under mild conditions.•EDA process is remarkable for the possibilities to design new photocatalysis system.•EDA complex-mediated organic synthesis is still at their early stage.
This review summarizes the recent progress the emerging area of photochemical reaction initiated by Electron-donor-acceptor (EDA) complex in synthetic organic chemistry. Recent developments in the photochemical carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bond formation using expensive transition-metal catalysts, toxic reagents, photoinduced bond dissociation are well known. Although the physicochemical properties of EDA complexes have been enormously studied in applied and materials chemistry but their use in synthetic chemistry remains unexplored. Great importance has given to develop an environmentally benign technology in order to improve the processes of radical generation. The radical reaction via EDA complexes process attracted much attention and achieved many advances in organic synthetic filed owing to avoiding the use of expensive transition-metal catalysts, toxic reagents, as well as explosive oxidants. We believe that this review will update researchers focused on searching new photochemical reaction via EDA mechanism and will encourage further growth in this field.
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