A new summation method model of the reactor antineutrino energy spectrum is presented. It is updated with the most recent evaluated decay databases and with our total absorption gamma-ray ...spectroscopy measurements performed during the last decade. For the first time, the spectral measurements from the Daya Bay experiment are compared with the antineutrino energy spectrum computed with the updated summation method without any renormalization. The results exhibit a better agreement than is obtained with the Huber-Mueller model in the 2-5 MeV range, the region that dominates the detected flux. A systematic trend is found in which the antineutrino flux computed with the summation model decreases with the inclusion of more pandemonium-free data. The calculated flux obtained now lies only 1.9% above that detected in the Daya Bay experiment, a value that may be reduced with forthcoming new pandemonium-free data, leaving less room for a reactor anomaly. Eventually, the new predictions of individual antineutrino spectra for the ^{235}U, ^{239}Pu, ^{241}Pu, and ^{238}U are used to compute the dependence of the reactor antineutrino spectral shape on the fission fractions.
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Prescription and administration of oxygen in emergencies by healthcare providers are reported to be inappropriate in most settings. There is a huge gap in the knowledge of health care providers on ...various aspects of oxygen therapy, and this may be a barrier to optimal oxygen administration. Hence, it is essential to ascertain providers' knowledge of acute oxygen therapy so that appropriate educational interventions are instituted for better delivery. There is no available validated instrument to assess knowledge of acute oxygen therapy. The study aimed to develop, validate and evaluate the test-retest reliability of a questionnaire to determine the doctors and nurses understanding of acute oxygen therapy.
This study involved the development of the questionnaire contents by a literature review, assessment of face validity (n = 5), content validity, using a panel of experts (n = 10), item analysis and test-retest reliability among a sample (n = 121) of doctors and nurses.
Face validity indicated that the questionnaire was quick to complete (10-15 min), most items were easy to follow and comprehensible. The global content validity index (S-CVI) was 0.85. The test-retest reliability statistics showed a kappa coefficient of 0.546-0.897 (all P<0.001) and percentage agreement of 80-98.3% indicating high temporal stability in the target population. In total, 90% of the items fulfilled the reliability acceptance criteria. Item discrimination analysis showed that most questions were at an acceptable level. The final questionnaire included 37 item questions and eight sections.
The designed questionnaire is a reliable and valid tool for assessing knowledge of acute oxygen therapy among doctors and nurses.
Even mass neutron-rich niobium isotopes are among the principal contributors to the reactor antineutrino energy spectrum. They are also among the most challenging to measure due to the refractory ...nature of niobium, and because they exhibit isomeric states lying very close in energy. The β-intensity distributions of 100gs,100mNb and 102gs,102mNb β decays have been determined using the total absorption γ-ray spectroscopy technique. The measurements were performed at the upgraded Ion Guide Isotope Separator On-Line facility at the University of Jyväskylä. Here, the double Penning trap system JYFLTRAP was employed to disentangle the β decay of the isomeric states. The new data obtained in this challenging measurement have a large impact in antineutrino summation calculations. As a result, for the first time the discrepancy between the summation model and the reactor antineutrino measurements in the region of the shape distortion has been reduced.
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Characterization and performance of the DTAS detector Guadilla, V.; Tain, J.L.; Algora, A. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
12/2018, Volume:
910, Issue:
C
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
DTAS is a segmented total absorption γ-ray spectrometer developed for the DESPEC experiment at FAIR. It is composed of up to eighteen NaI(Tl) crystals. In this work we study the performance of this ...detector with laboratory sources and also under real experimental conditions. We present a procedure to reconstruct offline the sum of the energy deposited in all the crystals of the spectrometer, which is complicated by the effect of NaI(Tl) light-yield non-proportionality. The use of a system to correct for time variations of the gain in individual detector modules, based on a light pulse generator, is demonstrated. We describe also an event-based method to evaluate the summing-pileup electronic distortion in segmented spectrometers. All of this allows a careful characterization of the detector with Monte Carlo simulations that is needed to calculate the response function for the analysis of total absorption γ-ray spectroscopy data. Special attention was paid to the interaction of neutrons with the spectrometer, since they are a source of contamination in studies of β-delayed neutron emitting nuclei.
The Baby‐Friendly Hospital Initiative is a global health promotion intervention that outlines the Ten Steps hospitals should implement to support newborns' breastfeeding. This US‐based study aimed to ...determine which hospital characteristics and community factors are associated with hospitals' attainment of Baby‐Friendly designation. We used a cross‐sectional design and used 2018 data from the Baby‐Friendly, USA Inc. designation program merged with the American Hospital Association annual survey data set. Multilevel logistic regression analysis was used to assess hospital characteristics of interest among the sample consisting of 312 Baby‐Friendly hospitals and 1449 non‐Baby‐Friendly. Our results show that Baby‐Friendly hospitals are more likely to be government nonfederal hospitals, in the Midwest or South regions, serve communities with higher birth totals, and reside in competitive markets. Based on the results of this study, hospitals should seek further and examine their community's characteristics and structures to identify opportunities and encourage the attainment of improved breastfeeding initiatives such as Baby‐Friendly designation.
Organizational and community characteristics that contribute to Baby‐Friendly (BF) designation attainment remain unexplained. The BF concept as an innovative strategic choice assists health care leaders in better supporting breastfeeding and advanced maternity care. Our study indicates that BF hospitals are more likely to be government nonfederal hospitals and serve communities with a higher birth total.
Key messages
Organizational and community characteristics that contribute to Baby‐Friendly (BF) designation attainment remain unexplained.
The BF concept as an innovative strategic choice assists health care leaders in better supporting breastfeeding and advanced maternity care.
Our study indicates that BF hospitals are more likely to be government nonfederal hospitals and serve communities with a higher birth total.
Our study indicates that BF hospitals are more likely to be in the South and Midwest regions of the United States and reside in competitive markets.
The accurate determination of reactor antineutrino spectra is still a challenge. In 2017 the Daya Bay experiment has measured the evolution of the antineutrino flux with the fuel content of the ...reactor core. The observed deficit of the detected flux compared with the predictions of the conversion model was almost totally explained by the data arising from the fissions of 235U while the part dominated by the fission of 239Pu was in good agreement with the conversion model. The TAGS collaboration has carried out two experimental campaigns during the last decade at the JYFLTRAP of Jyväskylä (Finland) measuring a large set of data in order to improve the quality of the predictions of our summation method. These measurements allow the correction of the nuclear data for the Pandemonium effect, thus making an important contribution to calculating the antineutrino spectra. The impact of these ten years of measurement from our collaboration on the predicted antineutrino energy spectrum and flux are shown using our summation calculations. The results are compared with the Daya Bay measurements showing the best agreement in shape (in the antineutrino energy range 2 to 5 MeV) and in flux obtained so far with a model. The flux deficit observed by Daya Bay with respect to the summation method is now reduced to 1.9% leaving little room for the reactor anomaly. The shape anomaly between 5 and 7 MeV in antineutrino energy is still observed and remains unexplained.
Objective
The purpose of this study was to validate the Clinical Information Processing Instrument. This instrument attempts to examine information processing in electronic medical records (EMRs). We ...drew upon the theory of swift and even flow to guide survey development and construction.
Materials and Methods
We used a mixed‐methods approach to gather data from registered nurses. Nurses were invited to participate in focus groups, an expert panel, and the survey validation process. A semi‐structured questionnaire addressed the following themes: method of communication, quality of information, and usability of the system.
Results
We conducted a confirmatory factor analysis using structural equation modelling. The Kaiser‐Meyer‐Olkin measure was greater than 0.7 (0.90), and the Bartlett's test of sphericity was significant (X2 = 1519.03, df = 105, P < 0.001). The proposed structural equation model was analysed and revised to a final model that was statistically significant. The final survey, Clinical Information Processing Instrument, contained 18 Likert scale questions that supported the tenets of the theory of swift and even flow.
Discussion
The nurses perceived EMRs as efficient for medication management, time management, and communication. The Clinical Information Processing Instrument is a validated survey tool that assesses information flow in EMRs.
Conclusions
The Clinical Information Processing Instrument was validated as an approach to analyse the utility of EMR in disseminating information among clinical staff. To increase the utility and meaningful use of EMR systems, it is important to consider factors that affect the distribution of information among clinicians.
This paper takes some investigations on soft weak structures which are a generalization of weak structures and soft topological spaces with some separation axioms and compactness. Also, we give a ...systematic discussion on the relationship among these notions.
•Plutonium stabilization and minimization in PWR.•Wide sampling methodology and selection of stabilization/minimization criteria.•Global Sensitivity Analysis based method for Innovative Fuel Cycle ...study.
The ASTRID French project aimed at designing, building and operating a sodium fast reactor cooled with liquid sodium. One of the goals of the project was to demonstrate the feasibility of the plutonium multi-recycling in a fast spectrum. Commissariat à l’énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA - Atomic & Alternative Energies Commission) has recently announced the abandon of the project which involves that no sodium fast reactor project is planned in France. As a consequence, there is a real interest in assessing technical feasibility for alternative plutonium management. In this work, the plutonium multi-recycling in PWR is assessed from fuel cycle simulations performed with the library CLASS developed by CNRS/IN2P3. The technical conditions for plutonium incineration and stabilization are investigated. It is shown that plutonium can be stabilized with 30% of PWR using multi-reprocessed plutonium in MOX fuel, the rest being composed by PWR loaded with UOX. The transuranic (plutonium and minor actinides) stabilization involves a plutonium incineration. For this reason, around 50% of PWR using multi-reprocessed plutonium is required and the nuclear power has to decrease. In this paper, the methodology and the output analysis are described in detail.
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