Tomato is one of the main vegetables produced in Brazil, it adapts to practically all climates, but is susceptible to several diseases that lead to reduced productivity and quality. One of the most ...important segments in the Brazilian market is the fresh tomatoes, the 'BRS Imigrante' hybrid, which tolerates some diseases that cause production losses, is included in this category. The aim of this study was to evaluate the growth and the absorption curve of macro and micronutrients by 'BRS Imigrante' tomato cultivated in coconut fiber. The experimental design was randomized blocks with 10 treatments, consisting of sampling phases 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110 days after transplantation (DAT). In all the sampling phases, the biometric parameters of the plants were evaluated: number of leaves, fresh and dry mass of stem and leaves, fresh shoot mass, stem diameter and length, and fruit size, as well as the quantification of macro and micronutrient contents of leaves, fruits and stalks were carried out. For the development of the most adequate models of the absorption curve, the sigmoidal model with 3 parameters was adopted. Regarding the biometry, the tomato showed a sigmoidal growth rate for the evaluated parts, showing that at each crop stage, it presents different requirements. The most absorbed nutrients were K, Ca and N, respectively for the macronutrients and Fe, Cu and Mn for the micronutrients.
It is known that poorly performed fertigation directly impacts on tomato production and biometric components. In addition, consumers are also affected by interrelated characteristics that interfere ...with the acceptability of the fruit, such as the physicochemical parameters and nutrients in the fruit. Thus, eco-friendly technologies, such as irrigation with ultra-low frequency electromagnetic treated-water, which attenuates the inadequate management of fertigation, are essential to improve marketable fruit yields. Thus, the objective of the present work was to investigate the impact of treated water with very low-frequency electromagnetic resonance fields in physical, chemical and nutritional parameters at different nutrient solution strengths in tomato fruits. In this study, experiments were carried out in randomized blocks and five doses of fertigation were used (1.5; 2.5; 4.0; 5.5; and 7.0 dS m−1), employing two types of water: electromagnetically treated and untreated. It can be seen that the fertigation affected some parameters, mainly the number of fruits with blossom-end rot, fruit size, and weight. Variance analysis (ANOVA) was performed with the subsequent use of the Tukey test. In all statistical tests, a confidence level of 95% was considered. The soluble solids content increased by 28% as a function of the fertigation doses. The electromagnetically treated water reduced the number of fruits with blossom-end rot by 35% (p < 0.05). Overall, electromagnetic water improved the physicochemical quality parameters and the nutritional status of tomato fruits. Thus, this study demonstrated that green technology could leverage tomato fruit production and quality.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar o desempenho da área cultivada da cana-de-açúcar nos estados de São Paulo, Goiás, Minas Gerais e Mato Grosso do Sul. Os dados sobre a produção de cana foram ...coletados na base de dados da Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA) e Companhia Nacional de Abastecimento (CONAB), medidos em mil toneladas, entre 2000 e 2020. Os dados sobre produção de açúcar e etanol foram coletados na base de dados do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), medidos em mil hectares, entre 2005 e 2020. Para as análises estatísticas e elaboração gráfica, utilizou-se os softwares MINITAB 18® e SigmaPlot 14.0®. Para o teste medias utilizou-se a correlação de Pearson (r) com significância de 5% e 1%, para p-valor, 0,01 < p ≤ 0,05, e p ≤ 0,01. A expansão da cultura ocorreu em todas as regiões, destacando crescimento em Mato Grasso do Sul.
There are few studies about the influence of fruit maturation and post-harvest resting on seed composition, which can be necessary for seedling development and future establishment. Thus, the ...objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of maturation and post-harvest resting of fruits on the macronutrient and protein content of sweet pepper seeds. The experimental design was a randomized block, with eight treatments, in a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement. The first factor was fruit maturation stages (35, 50, 65 and 80 days after anthesis), and the second, with and without post-harvest resting of the fruits for 7 days. The characteristics evaluated in seeds were the dry weight of one thousand seeds, macronutrient content, and content of albumin, globulin, prolamin and glutelin proteins. There were reductions in K, Ca and Mg content, and an increase in seed content of albumin, globulin and prolamins as a function of the fruit maturation stage. Post-harvest resting of the fruits provided higher Ca content and protein albumin in seeds. The decreasing order of macronutrients and protein content in seeds, independent of fruit maturation and resting stage of the fruits, was N > K > P > Mg > S > Ca, and albumin > globulin ≈ glutelin > prolamine, respectively.
Soil decontamination: bioremediation and phytoremediation Nunes Cosmo, Bruno Marcos; Galeriani, Tatiani Mayara; Leoti Zanetti, Willian Aparecido
Revista Brasileira de Engenharia de Biossistemas (Online),
12/2023, Volume:
17
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Practically all agro-industrial activities and the maintenance of cities have the potential to pollute and contaminate the environment. Thus, measures to mitigate the impacts of these activities must ...be evaluated, including bioremediation. In this sense, this work aimed to characterize the process of soil decontamination using bioremediation and phytoremediation. To this end, a bibliographic review based on scientific articles, books, dissertations, and theses was used. Bioremediation refers to the use of living organisms to remove, reduce, or neutralize pollutants from the environment. The technique can be performed on-site (in situ) or off-site (ex situ). Plants can also be used for bioremediation, characterizing, in this case, phytoremediation. Plants for phytoremediation must show tolerance to the contaminant and the ability to absorb and metabolize it. These plants include pigeon peas, pig beans, crotalaria, vetiver grass, and others. Bioremediation is expanding, requiring further studies.
A challenge for the design of drip irrigation systems with non-pressure compensated emitters is to increase the maximum length of the lateral lines without significantly reducing water application ...uniformity. This work evaluated the effect of the flow-rate variation and the local head loss in the maximum length of drip tape with a non-pressure compensated flat emitter. The tests were carried out in a laboratory, using a collapsible drip tape non-pressure compensated in three 50-meter segments. The production line was configured to generate drip tapes without insertion of emitters and with closed emitters (0.30 m spacing). The experimental local head loss was compared with the Darcy-Weisbach equation's estimates using the Blasius friction factor. In the sequence, simulations were generated for the flow-rate variations of 10 and 20% for the emitter spacings of 0.30, 0.40, and 0.50m. The results showed that the local head loss had little influence on the lateral line's maximum length, generating variations of 2.5% on average. However, increasing the allowable flow rate variation from 10 to 20% resulted in a 34% increase in the lateral line maximum length. Also, the reduction in uniformity coefficients was less than 5%, enabling the indexes to remain above 90%. The adoption of higher flow rate variation values allowed gains in the lateral line length with a small decrease in uniformity, making it an alternative to reduce design and operational costs.
Soil management systems have already been shown to be able to promote changes in edaphic properties, yield, and sustainability of soybean production systems. Additionally, nitrogen fertilization in ...production systems has shown a potential to increase production and fertilizer use efficiency. However, there is still a need to investigate the changes that these soil management and production systems can promote in grain quality. Thus, the aim of this research was to evaluate the soybean grains quality as a function of nitrogen fertilization applied to the sorghum crop, preceding soybean grown in the summer season in conventional tillage (CT) and no-tillage (NT). The experiment was carried out in the field, in the 2019/20, 2020/21 and 2021/22 seasons crops, in a randomized block design, in a split-plot scheme, with four replications. The plots were composed by soil management systems (CT and NT) and the subplots by nitrogen fertilization in sorghum (0, 50, and 100 kg ha−1 of N). At the dose of 50 kg ha−1 of N, the crude protein contents in the soybean grains were 15% and 38% higher than the other doses in CT and NT, respectively, resulting in increases in protein yield of around 34% and 45%, respectively. Nitrogen fertilization at a dose of 50 kg ha−1 applied as a top dressing to sorghum promotes a higher quality of soybeans grown in succession, in CT and NT. However, soil management under NT with 50 kg ha−1 of N results in higher yield and grain quality, allowing greater financial return and efficiency in the use of nitrogen fertilization. The nitrogen fertilization at a rate of 50 kg ha−1 as top dressing in the sorghum crop results in increased productivity and quality of soybean grains grown in succession, with the most significant results observed in the no-tillage system. Our results show that nitrogen fertilization in a production system with sorghum and soybean, mainly in no-tillage, is capable of maximizing the use of nitrogen fertilizer, increasing the yield and quality of soybeans grains and maximizing the financial return of the farmer. Our results also show that pricing soybeans based on the protein content in the grain can a tool to increase agronomic efficiency in food production. Results of this research also allow us to visualize the importance of a consolidated no-tillage system, to obtain greater yield, grain quality and financial return from agricultural activity. Thus, emphasizing the significance of conservation management and nitrogen fertilization in an agricultural production system to enhance the yield and quality of soybean grains.
Display omitted
•No-tillage system increases the protein content in soybeans grains.•Biomass sorghum is an excellent alternative for use in crop rotation in tropical environments.•The application of 50 kg ha−1 of N in no-tillage resulted in increased income.•Nitrogen fertilization in a production system with sorghum and soybean increases the yield and quality of soybeans.
O setor agrícola brasileiro tem grande representatividade na economia do país, com a inserção produtiva de diversas culturas. Uma delas, a produção da cultura do algodão (Gossypium hirsutum L.), que ...representa o setor da cotonicultura, com importante destaque na indústria têxtil, devido à fibra natural. Neste contexto, este trabalho tem o objetivo de analisar o histórico da cotonicultura brasileira entre 1962 a 2018, identificando os maiores produtores e exportadores da pluma e seu comportamento de concentração, com base no Índice de Vantagem Comparativa Revelada (IVCR) e Razão de Concentração (CRk). Revelando que a concentração deste mercado no período analisado apresentou oscilações nas exportações dos países, com diversas transformações no setor, porém nos últimos anos vem ganhando representatividade, com destaque na economia do Brasil. A concluir que, que a concentração do CR4 se mostra expressiva comparada aos países também produtores, representando uma alta concentração de exportação. Além de assegurar representatividade no Produto Interno Bruto(PIB) brasileiro, principalmente pelo incentivo de investimento em tecnologia, área plantada e pesquisas voltadas à produtividade no últimos anos.
Salinity is an abiotic stress that impacts the plant antioxidative system, leading to an increase in lipoperoxide formation in the membrane, and a subsequent decrease in crop productivity. This study ...aims to examine the impact of magnetically treated water, applied via fertigation, on tomato plants grown in varying concentrations of salts. This study used a factorial design (5 × 2), with five salinity levels applied through fertigation (1.5; 2.5; 4.0; 5.5 and 7.0 dSm−1) and two forms of water treatment (unmagnetized - UW and magnetically treated water - MW), with ten replications. Biochemical, photosynthetic, nutritional and biometric factors were analyzed. When tomato was submitted to irrigation with MW at a salinity of 2.5 dSm−1, its activity of the enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) increased compared to UW. This indicates that the plant responded to the salinity. At salinity levels of 5.5 and 7.0 dSm−1 and MW, those enzymes exhibited greater activity compared to UW. Furthermore, regarding to the photosynthetic characteristics, there was a rise in the production for the doses of 5.5 and 7.0 dSm−1 when irrigated with MW. Therefore, irrigating tomato crops with magnetically treated water can serve as a viable solution to mitigate the negative impacts of saline stress.
Display omitted
•Magnetic treatment of irrigation water can reduce stress caused by salinity.•PSI and PSII are more efficient when the treatments received magnetically treated water.•Salinity causes a reduction in production, which can be attenuated with irrigation with magnetically treated water.
PDF
