Breast cancer is the most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women. Increasing molecular targets have been discovered for breast cancer prognosis and therapy. However, ...there is still an urgent need to identify new biomarkers. Therefore, we evaluated biomarkers that may aid the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. We searched three mRNA microarray datasets (GSE134359, GSE31448 and GSE42568) and identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by comparing tumor and non-tumor tissues using GEO2R. Functional and pathway enrichment analyses of the DEGs were performed using the DAVID database. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was plotted with STRING and visualized using Cytoscape. Module analysis of the PPI network was done using MCODE. The associations between the identified genes and overall survival (OS) were analyzed using an online Kaplan-Meier tool. The redundancy analysis was conducted by DepMap. Finally, we verified the screened HUB gene at the protein level. A total of 268 DEGs were identified, which were mostly enriched in cell division, cell proliferation, and signal transduction. The PPI network comprised 236 nodes and 2132 edges. Two significant modules were identified in the PPI network. Elevated expression of the genes Discs large-associated protein 5 (DLGAP5), aurora kinase A (AURKA), ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 C (UBE2C), ribonucleotide reductase regulatory subunit M2(RRM2), kinesin family member 23(KIF23), kinesin family member 11(KIF11), non-structural maintenance of chromosome condensin 1 complex subunit G (NCAPG), ZW10 interactor (ZWINT), and denticleless E3 ubiquitin protein ligase homolog(DTL) are associated with poor OS of breast cancer patients. The enriched functions and pathways included cell cycle, oocyte meiosis and the p53 signaling pathway. The DEGs in breast cancer have the potential to become useful targets for the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer.
IMPORTANCE: Time spent in outdoor activities has decreased owing to home confinement for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Concerns have been raised about whether home confinement may ...have worsened the burden of myopia owing to substantially decreased time spent outdoors and increased screen time at home. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the refractive changes and prevalence of myopia in school-aged children during the COVID-19 home confinement. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A prospective cross-sectional study using school-based photoscreenings in 123 535 children aged 6 to 13 years from 10 elementary schools in Feicheng, China, was conducted. The study was performed during 6 consecutive years (2015-2020). Data were analyzed in July 2020. EXPOSURES: Noncycloplegic photorefraction was examined using a photoscreener device. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The spherical equivalent refraction was recorded for each child and the prevalence of myopia for each age group during each year was calculated. The mean spherical equivalent refraction and prevalence of myopia were compared between 2020 (after home confinement) and the previous 5 years for each age group. RESULTS: Of the 123 535 children included in the study, 64 335 (52.1%) were boys. A total of 194 904 test results (389 808 eyes) were included in the analysis. A substantial myopic shift (approximately −0.3 diopters D) was found in the 2020 school-based photoscreenings compared with previous years (2015-2019) for younger children aged 6 (−0.32 D), 7 (−0.28 D), and 8 (−0.29 D) years. The prevalence of myopia in the 2020 photoscreenings was higher than the highest prevalence of myopia within 2015-2019 for children aged 6 (21.5% vs 5.7%), 7 (26.2% vs 16.2%), and 8 (37.2% vs 27.7%) years. The differences in spherical equivalent refraction and the prevalence of myopia between 2020 and previous years were minimal in children aged 9 to 13 years. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Home confinement during the COVID-19 pandemic appeared to be associated with a significant myopic shift for children aged 6 to 8 years according to 2020 school-based photoscreenings. However, numerous limitations warrant caution in the interpretation of these associations, including use of noncycloplegic refractions and lack of orthokeratology history or ocular biometry data. Younger children’s refractive status may be more sensitive to environmental changes than older ages, given the younger children are in a critical period for the development of myopia.
As a continuation of our prior article, we study new pattern formations of ground states (u_1,u_2) for two-component Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC) with homogeneous trapping potentials in ...\mathbb{R}^2, where the intraspecies interaction (-a,-b) and the interspecies interaction -\beta are both attractive, i.e., a, b, and \beta are all positive. If 0<b<a^*:=\Vert w\Vert^2_2 and 0<\beta <a^* are fixed, where w is the unique positive solution of \Delta w-w+w^3=0 in \mathbb{R}^2, the semi-trivial behavior of (u_1,u_2) as a\nearrow a^* is proved in the sense that u_1 concentrates at a unique point and while u_2\equiv 0 in \mathbb{R}^2. However, if 0<b<a^* and a^*\le \beta <\beta ^*=a^*+\sqrt {(a^*-a)(a^*-b)}, the refined spike profile and the uniqueness of (u_1,u_2) as a\nearrow a^* are analyzed, where (u_1,u_2) must be unique, u_1 concentrates at a unique point, and meanwhile u_2 can either blow up or vanish, depending on how \beta approaches a^*.
Abstract Observational studies have reported an association between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), and hemorrhoids (HEM). However, ...the presence of a causal relationship within this observed association remains to be confirmed. Consequently, we utilized the Mendelian randomization (MR) method to assess the causal effects of IBD on hemorrhoids. We validated the association between IBD and hemorrhoids in humans based on genome-wide association studies (GWAS) data. To investigate the causal relationship between IBD and hemorrhoids, we performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization study using training and validation sets. The genetic variation data for IBD, CD, UC, and hemorrhoids were derived from published genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of individuals of European. Two-sample Mendelian randomization and Multivariable Mendelian randomization (MVMR) were employed to determine the causal relationship between IBD (CD or UC) and hemorrhoids. Genetically predicted overall IBD was positively associated with hemorrhoids risk, with ORs of 1.02 (95% CIs 1.01–1.03, P = 4.39 × 10 −4 ) and 1.02 (95% CIs 1.01–1.03, P = 4.99 × 10 −5 ) in the training and validation sets, respectively. Furthermore, we found that CD was positively associated with hemorrhoids risk, with ORs of 1.02 (95% CIs 1.01–1.03, P = 4.12 × 10 −6 ) and 1.02 (95% CIs 1.01–1.02, P = 3.78 × 10 −5 ) for CD in the training and validation sets, respectively. In addition, we found that UC in the training set was positively associated with hemorrhoids risk (ORs 1.02, 95% CIs 1.01–1.03, P = 4.65 × 10 −3 ), while no significant causal relationship between UC and hemorrhoids was shown in the validation set ( P > 0.05). However, after MVMR adjustment, UC in the training set was not associated with an increased risk of hemorrhoids. Our study showed that there is a causal relationship between CD and hemorrhoids, which may suggest that clinicians need to prevent the occurrence of hemorrhoids in CD patients.
•Geological disasters in hilly areas are related to Land-Use and Land-Cover Changes.•The number of geological disasters in the cultivated land area is the largest.•The point density of geological ...disasters and vegetation coverage is limited.•Geological disasters are more likely to occur in the period of heavy rainfall.•The closer geological disaster to river, the greater probability/scale of occurrence.
Sichuan hilly area is located in southwest China, which have many hilly area, is a densely populated, economically active, frequent geological disasters area. In this paper, Neijiang City in the region is taken as the test sample. This article, which analyzes Land-Use and Land-Cover Changes (LUCC), meteorological and hydrological data from 2015 to 2020, takes Neijiang City in this region as the research object. We explored the relationship between geological disasters such as collapse and landslides that often occur in the natural ecological environment with LUCC and meteorological and hydrological factors, using GIS spatial analysis and statistical analysis methods. The research results indicate that geological disasters mainly occur in farmland areas. The density of geological disaster points is highest within urban areas, making them the most prone to geological disasters. Geological disasters are more densely distributed in the area within 600 to 800 m from the river. There is a strong correlation between the average rainfall amount and the probability of geological disasters occurring. This study provides a scientific basis for the geological disaster risk assessment, prevention and control in this region. It has certain reference significance for the ecological environment governance, land resources planning and management in other similar regions.
We consider the following generalized Chern–Simons–Schrödinger system in
R
2
-
Δ
u
+
(
λ
V
(
x
)
-
μ
)
u
+
A
0
u
+
∑
j
=
1
2
A
j
2
u
=
f
(
x
,
u
)
,
∂
1
A
2
-
∂
2
A
1
=
-
1
2
|
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2
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∂
1
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1
+
∂
2
...A
2
=
0
,
A
1
∂
1
u
+
A
2
∂
2
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=
0
,
∂
1
A
0
=
A
2
|
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|
2
,
∂
2
A
0
=
-
A
1
|
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,
where
λ
>
0
is a parameter,
V
∈
C
(
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2
,
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+
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has a potential well
Ω
≜
int
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1
(
0
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,
μ
∉
{
μ
j
}
j
=
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∞
with
{
μ
j
}
j
=
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∞
being the eigenvalues of
(
-
Δ
,
H
0
1
(
Ω
)
)
. If
μ
<
μ
1
, we obtain the existence and concentrating behaviour of ground state solutions for
λ
sufficiently large under some suitable assumptions on
f
having critical exponential growth at infinity. Let
μ
∈
(
μ
j
0
,
μ
j
0
+
1
)
for some
j
0
∈
N
+
, employing the Morse theory, linking argument and the symmetric mountain-pass theorem, we are concerned with the existence and multiplicity of nontrivial solutions for sufficiently large
λ
when
f
has a subcritical exponential growth at infinity.
Abstract Empathy enables understanding and sharing of others’ feelings. Human neuroimaging studies have identified critical brain regions supporting empathy for pain, including the anterior insula ...(AI), anterior cingulate (ACC), amygdala, and inferior frontal gyrus (IFG). However, to date, the precise spatio-temporal profiles of empathic neural responses and inter-regional communications remain elusive. Here, using intracranial electroencephalography, we investigated electrophysiological signatures of vicarious pain perception. Others’ pain perception induced early increases in high-gamma activity in IFG, beta power increases in ACC, but decreased beta power in AI and amygdala. Vicarious pain perception also altered the beta-band-coordinated coupling between ACC, AI, and amygdala, as well as increased modulation of IFG high-gamma amplitudes by beta phases of amygdala/AI/ACC. We identified a necessary combination of neural features for decoding vicarious pain perception. These spatio-temporally specific regional activities and inter-regional interactions within the empathy network suggest a neurodynamic model of human pain empathy.
In this paper, we are concerned with the existence and asymptotic behavior of minimizers of a minimization problem related to some quasilinear elliptic equations. Firstly, we prove that there exist ...minimizers when the exponent
is the critical one
. Then, we prove that all minimizers are compact as
tends to the critical case
when
is fixed. Moreover, we find that all the minimizers must blow up as the exponent
tends to the critical case
for any fixed
Inspired by mussel heuristic chemistry, a novel method for improving surface wettability and adhesion of carbon fibers with epoxy resins was proposed by codepositing gallic acid and polyethylene ...imine on the carbon fiber surfaces in a convenient operation. The results of scanning electron microscopy, infrared, Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectra revealed that gallic acid and polyethylene imine could undergo Michael addition or Schiff base reaction and codeposit on the carbon fiber surfaces successfully. The gallic acid-polyethylene imine codeposited carbon fibers were used to fabricate epoxy matrix composites. The results of mechanical tests showed that interlaminar shear strength, flexural modulus and strength of the gallic acid-polyethylene imine codeposited carbon fiber composite were increased by 27, 38, and 27% respectively, compared with those of the untreated carbon fiber composite. The conclusion can be drawn that the gallic acid-polyethylene imine codeposition is an effective method for improving interfacial properties of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin matrix composites.
Land and energy play key roles in coal-based cities where the extensive exploitation and use of coal resources have resulted in resource abuse and serious pollution. Here, we used substance flow ...analysis integrated nexus theory to establish a new model for coal life-cycle analysis embedded with land–energy nexus. The coal life-cycle includes coal mining, coal processing, product utilization, and waste disposal. Then we firstly apply the model to analyze land use and energy consumption of Huainan City which is a typical coal-based city in China from 1990–2020. The results show that the unit land use decreases from 11.33 ha/GWh in 1990 to 7.20 ha/GWh in 2020 and the unit energy consumption also decreases from 474.08 tce/GWh in 1990 to 320.52 tce/GWh in 2020. However, the total land use and energy consumption in Huainan city increased by 365% and 395%, respectively. The indirect land use and indirect energy consumption accounted for 85% and 0.3%, respectively. Product utilization stage contributed the largest land use and energy consumption, accounting for 80% and 95%, respectively. Then we conducted sensitivity analysis and scenario analysis and find that the land use and energy consumption in high-efficiency development scenario will be 9%–20% lower in 2030 than other two scenarios. Finally, we explored some policies to reduce land use and energy consumption of the city, including increasing the demand for alternative energy, popularizing technology, implementing a safe, efficient, and green mining. The new model and first application on coal-based city hope to not only provide foundation for researching nexus theory, but also promote sustainable development of other resource-based cities in China.
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•A new model of coal life-cycle analysis embedded with land–energy nexus is established.•Temporal land use and energy consumption in a coal-based city were analyzed.•Both land use and energy consumption composing direct and indirect parts increased.•Indirect land use and direct energy consumption occupied the largest parts, respectively.•Product utilization especially mining and manufacturing contributed the largest.
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