Neonicotinoid insecticides (NEOs) are widely used around the world. The distribution of NEOs in paired saliva and periodontal blood samples was not previously documented in China. In this study, the ...concentrations of six NEOs and three corresponding metabolites were measured in 188 paired saliva and periodontal blood samples collected from South China. NEOs and their metabolites were frequently detected (68–94%) in paired saliva and periodontal blood, with median levels of 0.01–0.99 ng/mL. 1-Methyl-3-(tetrahydro-3-furylmethyl) urea was the most predominant NEO in paired saliva (39%) and periodontal blood (42%). Gender-related differences in NEOs and their metabolite concentrations were found: males showed lower levels than females. We calculated the concentration ratios between saliva and periodontal blood (S/PB ratios), and found that the median S/PB ratios of NEO and their metabolites were higher than 1, indicating that NEOs and their metabolites were easily excreted via saliva. 8-Hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) was measured in paired saliva and periodontal blood as a marker of oxidative stress. 8-OHdG concentrations in saliva and periodontal blood were significantly and positively correlated (p < 0.05) with the concentrations of most NEOs and their metabolites in saliva and periodontal blood samples. These findings indicated that exposure to NEOs and their metabolites is associated with oxidative stress. This study is the first to report NEOs and their metabolites in paired saliva and periodontal blood samples collected from South China.
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•First study of levels of neonicotinoids (NEOs) in paired saliva and periodontal blood samples.•1-Methyl-3-(tetrahydro-3-furylmethyl) urea was the most predominant NEOs in paired samples.•Higher levels of NEOs in paired samples were found in females than those in males.•Levels of NEOs in paired samples were positively associated with 8-Hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine.
Developing cost‐effective interfacial solar steam generation devices based on advanced structured materials for water desalination is highly desired. Herein, a high‐efficiency solar steam generation ...based on a novel solar energy receiver of carbon black (CB)‐based composite nanofiber networks with designed integrated 2D water path is reported. The receiver having a two‐layer structure is prepared by a one‐step electrospinning a suspension of CB particles in cellulose acetate (CA) onto a porous PET substrate. The upper hydrophilic CA/CB nanofiber layer works for light absorption and water evaporation and the bottom hydrophilic PET layer is vertically inserted into the water to act as 2D water path in charge of water pumping for improved efficiency of water supply and minimized heat loss. The solar evaporator demonstrates an ultrahigh evaporation rate of 1.48 kg m–2 h–1 and solar energy conversion efficiency of 98.6% under 1 kW m–2 (1‐sun) illumination. Especially, the conversion efficiency is much superior over the values of the most previous ones, while the developed technique offers great potential for low‐cost and large‐scale production.
A highly efficient and cost‐effective solar steam generator based on a novel solar energy receiver of carbon black‐based composite nanofiber networks with designed integrated 2D water path is developed. This system is promising for large‐scale application due to the easily scalable electrospinning process.
Reactive oxidative species (ROS) production-driven ferroptosis plays a role in acute kidney injury (AKI). However, its exact molecular mechanism is poorly understood. Scavenger receptor CD36 has ...important roles in oxidizing lipids, lipid accumulation, metabolic syndrome, and insulin resistance in chronic kidney disease, but its roles remain unexplored in AKI. The present study investigated the role and mechanism of CD36 in regulating proximal tubular cell ferroptosis and AKI. The expression of CD36 was found to be significantly up-regulated in AKI renal tissues and correlated with renal function, which might serve as an independent biomarker for AKI patients. Moreover, in adult mice subjected to AKI, deletion of CD36 (CD36−/−) induced tubular cell ROS accumulation, ferroptosis activation, and renal injury. Mechanistically, combining LC-MS/MS, co-IP, and ubiquitination analyses revealed that CD36 could specifically bind to ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 (FSP1) and regulate its ubiquitination at sites K16 and K24, leading to FSP1 degradation and progression of ferroptosis in AKI. The present results emphasize a novel mechanism of CD36 in cisplatin-induced AKI. The discovery of the special CD36 roles in promoting ferroptosis and AKI development by regulating the ubiquitination of FSP1 in proximal tubular cells may be potential therapeutic targets for AKI. Moreover, CD36 may play a key role in the progression of AKI. Therefore, targeting CD36 may provide a promising treatment option for AKI.
Excellent outdoor thermal management is vital for public health and safety. However, the ever-changing and uncontrollable outdoor environmental conditions, such as irrepressible sunlight and drastic ...temperature fluctuations, bring majestic challenges to outdoor thermal management. Here, we report a significant advancement toward designing and fabricating a novel fiber membrane with a dual-function of radiative cooling and solar heating for an efficient daytime outdoor thermal management. Unlike the reported dual-mode thermal management materials, which are usually fabricated by compounding organic polymers and metal/inorganic non-metal materials, our fiber-based membrane is composed of only two polymers, i.e., poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropene) (PVDF-HFP) and polypyrrole (PPy). The resulting membrane presents outstanding outdoor thermoregulation capacity, with a practically attainable sun-ambient cooling temperature of ~ 4.5 °C, super-ambient heating temperature of ~ 35.8 °C, in an outdoor environment, under solar intensity (
I
solar
) of ~ 850 W m
−2
. Fabrication process is simple and cost-effective, which offers the possibility of preparing large-scale products. Owing to the scalable and simple fabrication process, and the exceptional outdoor thermoregulation ability, this dual-mode fiber membrane has great potential to maintain a comfortable outdoor environment for human activities and industrial operations.
Graphical Abstract
Neonicotinoid insecticides (NEOs) are commonly applied for pest control in China and around the world. Previous studies reported that NEOs are hepatotoxic to mammals. However, limited studies have ...explored the associations between NEOs exposure and liver disease. In the present study, we detected six parent NEOs (p-NEOs), including acetamiprid, thiacloprid, dinotefuran, clothianidin, imidacloprid, and thiamethoxam, and five characteristic metabolites (m-NEOs), including 5-hydroxy-imidacloprid, olefin-imidacloprid, N-desmethyl-acetamiprid, 1-methyl-3-(tetrahydro-3-furylmethyl) guanidine and 1-methyl-3-(tetrahydro-3-furyl methyl) urea, in blood samples collected from healthy donors (n = 100; females vs. males: 45 vs. 55; age: 22–91 years) and liver cancer patients (n = 274; females vs. males: 118 vs. 156; age: 11–88 years) in one hospital from Guangzhou city, South China. NEOs were frequently detected (61%–94%) in blood samples, with median concentrations ranging from 0.19 ng/mL to 1.28 ng/mL and 0.20 ng/mL to 2.03 ng/mL for healthy and liver cancer populations, respectively. olefin-imidacloprid was the most abundant NEOs in healthy and liver cancer populations, accounting for 23.4% and 20.7%, respectively. Significant positive correlations among most m-NEOs concentrations were found, and associations between m-NEOs and their corresponding p-NEOs were positively correlated. These findings indicated that the sources of m-NEOs were both endogenous and exogeneous. Females had higher median concentrations of NEOs and their metabolites than males. Moreover, the α-fetoprotein values and blood concentrations of target analytes (r = 0.428–0.601, p < 0.05) were positively correlated. Meanwhile, associations between the concentrations of p-NEOs and m-NEOs and liver cancer were found (odds ratio = 2.33–9.02, 95% confidence interval = 0.31–22.7, p < 0.05), indicating that human exposure to NEOs and their metabolites might increase the odds of liver cancer prevalence. Our work provided a new insight into the hepatotoxicity of NEOs and their metabolites, and human health risks of exposure to these pollutants warranted further studies.
•It was the first time to report levels of DN and 5-OH-IMI in blood samples.•Of-IMI was the predominant NEOs in blood samples.•The sources of m-NEOs were from both of endogenous and exogenous.•ACE-dm exposure was associated with increased odds of prevalent liver cancer.
Ferroptosis, characterized by lipid accumulation in intracellular compartments, is related to acute kidney injury (AKI), but the mechanism remains obscure. In our previous study, the protective ...effect of augmenter of liver regeneration (ALR) on AKI was not fully clarified. In this study, we established an AKI mouse model by knocking out proximal tubule‐specific ALR and an AKI cell model by inducing hypoxia, as well as enrolled AKI patients, to investigate the effects of ALR on ferroptosis and the progression of AKI. We found that ALR knockout aggravated ferroptosis and increased ROS accumulation and mitochondrial damage, whereas ALR overexpression attenuated ferroptosis through clearance of ROS and maintenance of mitochondrial morphology. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that ALR could directly bind to long‐chain‐fatty‐acid‐CoA ligase 4 (ACSL4) and further inhibit the expression of ACSL4 by interacting with certain regions. By resolution liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadruple mass spectrometry, we found that ALR could reduce the contents of polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially arachidonic acid. In addition, we showed that ALR binds to ACSL4 and attenuates oxylipin accumulation, exerting a protective effect against ferroptosis in AKI. Therefore, targeting renal ALR can attenuate ferroptosis and can offer a promising strategy for the treatment of AKI.
Abstract
Background
Aberrant epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation is observed in over 50% of cases of adult glioblastoma (GBM). Nevertheless, EGFR antibodies are ineffective in clinical ...GBM treatment, suggesting the existence of redundant EGFR activation mechanisms. Whether circular RNA (circRNA) encodes a protein involved in EGFR-driven GBM remains unclear. We reported an unexpected mechanism in which circular EGFR RNA (circ-EGFR) encodes a novel EGFR variant to sustained EGFR activation.
Method
We used RNA-seq, Northern blot, and Sanger sequencing to confirm the existence of circ-EGFR. Antibodies and a liquid chromatograph tandem mass spectrometer were used to identify circ-EGFR protein products. Lentivirus-transfected stable cell lines were used to assess the biological functions of the novel protein in vitro and in vivo. Clinical implications of circ-EGFR were assessed using 97 pathologically diagnosed GBM patient samples.
Results
The infinite open reading frame (iORF) in circ-EGFR translated repeating amino acid sequences via rolling translation and programmed −1 ribosomal frameshifting (-1PRF) induced out-of-frame stop codon (OSC), forming a polymetric novel protein-complex, which we termed rolling-translated EGFR (rtEGFR). rtEGFR directly interacted with EGFR, maintained EGFR membrane localization and attenuated EGFR endocytosis and degradation. Importantly, circ-EGFR levels correlated with the EGFR signature and predicted the poor prognosis of GBM patients. Deprivation of rtEGFR in brain tumor-initiating cells (BTICs) attenuated tumorigenicity and enhanced the anti-GBM effect.
Conclusion
Our findings identified the endogenous rolling-translated protein and provided strong clinical evidence that targeting rtEGFR could improve the efficiency of EGFR-targeting therapies in GBM.
A mild and general protocol involving amnio- and oxyselenation of diverse alkenes for the efficient synthesis of organo-Se compounds is achieved via an environmentally benign calcium-catalyzed ...three-component reaction. This selenofunctionalization reaction exhibits excellent substrate/functional group tolerance and high levels of chemo- and regioselectivity. Its utility was exemplified in the late-stage functionalization and even aggregation-induced emission luminogen labeling of organo-Se compounds.
In microseismic monitoring, the reconstruction of a reliable velocity model is essential for precise seismic source localization and subsurface imaging. However, traditional methods for microseismic ...velocity inversion face challenges in terms of precision and computational efficiency. In this paper, we use deep learning (DL) algorithms to achieve precise and efficient real-time microseismic velocity modeling, which holds significant importance for ensuring engineering safety and preventing geological disasters in microseismic monitoring. Given that this task was approached as a non-linear regression problem, we adopted and modified the Attention U-Net network for inversion. Depending on the degree of coupling among microseismic events, we trained the network using both single-event and multi-event simulation records as feature datasets. This approach can achieve velocity modeling when dealing with inseparable microseismic records. Numerical tests demonstrate that the Attention U-Net can automatically uncover latent features and patterns between microseismic records and velocity models. It performs effectively in real time and achieves high precision in velocity modeling for Tilted Transverse Isotropy (TTI) velocity structures such as anticlines, synclines, and anomalous velocity models. Furthermore, it can provide reliable initial models for traditional methods.
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