As a momentous post-transcriptional regulator, microRNAs (miRNAs) are attracting more and more attention. The classical miRNAs regulated mechanism shows it binds to the targets’ 3′UTR thus play the ...role in post-transcription. Meanwhile, single miRNA can target multiple genes, so those should compete to bind that miRNA. Vice versa, single gene can sponge mass of miRNAs as well. Thus the competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) hypothesis was put forward in 2011. The ceRNA hypothesis has made huge achievements, in particular in non-coding genes, which including long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), circle RNAs (circRNAs) and pseudogenes, even viral transcripts. It also contributed greatly to epigenetics development. However, an increasing number of controversies have occurred with applause. Based on this situation, this review introduces something in detail about the ceRNAs hypothesis achieved in lncRNAs, circRNAs, pseudogenes and viral transcripts, respectively. Meanwhile, it also covers controversy of the ceRNAs hypothesis.
The relation between perceived general stress and problematic mobile phone use (PMPU) has been well established. With the outbreak of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), the present study was ...designed to examine the association between perceived stress of COVID-19 as a kind of event-related stress and PMPU, and the mechanisms underlying this relation. Participants were 724 adolescents ranging from 12 to 16 years old (
= 13.28,
= 1.05) who completed four online questionnaires addressing perceived stress of COVID-19, search for meaning in life, escapism motivation, and PMPU. The results revealed that escapism motivation mediated the relationship between perceived stress of COVID-19 and PMPU. In addition, search for meaning in life played a moderating role between perceived stress of COVID-19 and escapism motivation. These findings extend the literature by addressing how and under what conditions perceived stress of COVID-19 can contribute to PMPU. We discussed the implications for developing targeted intervention programs aimed at reducing PMPU among adolescents.
Although prior research has demonstrated that switching schools poses a risk for academic and behavioral functioning among adolescents, relatively little is known about their emotional adjustment, or ...how it affects emotional well-being. Moreover, the cumulative effects of multiple risk and protective factors on their emotional well-being are even less covered in the existing literature. Guided by a risk and resilience ecological framework, the current study compared emotional well-being, operationalized as positive affect and negative affect, between Chinese adolescents who had switched schools and their non-switch counterparts, and examined the direct and interactive effects of teacher autonomy support and two facets of grit (i.e., perseverance and consistency) on emotional well-being in both groups. A propensity score matching analysis was used to balance the two groups in terms of sociodemographic characteristics (i.e., age, gender, and socioeconomic status). A total of 371 adolescents who had switched schools and 742 non-switch counterparts aged from 13 to 18 years were involved in this study. Results indicated that adolescents who had switched schools reported higher levels of negative affect than their non-switch counterparts. Moreover, for adolescents who had switched schools, those who possessed higher levels of perseverance had a significantly negative association between teacher autonomy support and negative affect; however, the corresponding association was independent of perseverance for their non-switch counterparts. The current findings indicate that switching schools is a disadvantage for adolescents' emotional states. However, teacher autonomy support and perseverance can protect adolescents who switch schools as critical stress-buffering factors against these negative feelings.
...in the case of early gastric cancer, larger tumors are often associated with an increased likelihood of lymph node metastasis, and whether to perform endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is ...partially dependent on the size of the lesion. ...accurate measurement of lesion size may significantly impact the diagnosis and treatment plan for the patient. ...its large margin of error renders it unsuitable for meeting the stringent requirements of size measurement in clinical practice. ...the introduction of computer-aided measurement tools has become increasingly important. Based on this principle of a monocular camera system, during the endoscopy procedure, if the distance between the tip of the endoscope and lesion can be obtained in real time, it would subsequently allow for size measurement Supplementary Figure 2, http://links.lww.com/CM9/B856. The width of the grid scale was constantly adjusted according to the distance between the tip of the endoscope and lesion, which was calculated using the amount of laser light reflected from the lesion through an optical probe inserted into the instrument channel Supplementary Figure 3, http://links.lww.com/CM9/B856.
The cytochrome P450 family 19 subfamily A member 1 (CYP19A1) gene, encodes aromatase, a key enzyme in estradiol (E2) synthesis, and is down-regulated during porcine follicular atresia. However, its ...role in and the mechanism of transcriptional repression in follicular atresia is largely unknown. In the present study, we show that the CYP19A1 gene stimulates E2 release and inhibits cell apoptosis in porcine granulosa cells (GCs). SMAD4, an anti-apoptotic moderator, was identified as a transcription factor of the porcine CYP19A1 gene and enhanced the expression and function of CYP19A1 in porcine GCs through direct binding to a SMAD4-binding element (SBE) within the promoter region of CYP19A1 gene. Moreover, we found that miR-10b, a pro-apoptotic factor, directly interacted with 3′-UTR of the porcine CYP19A1 mRNA, inhibiting its expression and function in porcine GCs. Collectively, we demonstrated that CYP19A1 is an inhibitor of follicular atresia and is regulated by both SMAD4 and miR-10b. These findings provide further insight into the mechanisms of CYP19A1 in steroid hormone synthesis and GC apoptosis and provide molecular targets for exploring methods of treatment for steroid-dependent reproductive disorders.
•CYP19A1 suppresses porcine GCs apoptosis through controlling E2 release.•SMAD4 promotes CYP19A1 transcription by directly binding to its promoter.•SMAD4-CYP19A1 axis enhances E2 synthesis and prevents porcine GC apoptosis.•miR-10b impairs CYP19A1 expression and functions by targeting its 3′-UTR region.
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serve and harmful syndrome in the intensive care unit. Comparing to the patients with AKI stage 1/2, the patients with AKI stage 3 have higher in-hospital mortality and ...risk of progression to chronic kidney disease. The purpose of this study is to develop a prediction model that predict whether patients with AKI stage 1/2 will progress to AKI stage 3.
Patients with AKI stage 1/2, when they were first diagnosed with AKI in the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care, were included. We used the Logistic regression and machine learning extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) to build two models which can predict patients who will progress to AKI stage 3. Established models were evaluated by cross-validation, receiver operating characteristic curve, and precision-recall curves.
We included 25,711 patients, of whom 2130 (8.3%) progressed to AKI stage 3. Creatinine, multiple organ failure syndromes were the most important in AKI progression prediction. The XGBoost model has a better performance than the Logistic regression model on predicting AKI stage 3 progression. Thus, we build a software based on our data which can predict AKI progression in real time.
The XGboost model can better identify patients with AKI progression than Logistic regression model. Machine learning techniques may improve predictive modeling in medical research.
Frequent spontaneous combustion activities restrict ecological restoration of coal waste dumps after reclamation. Effective monitoring of vegetation restoration is important for ensuring land ...reclamation success and preserving the ecological environment in mining areas. Development of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology has enabled fine-scale vegetation monitoring. In this study, we focused on Medicago sativa L. (alfalfa), a representative herbaceous vegetation type, in a coal waste dump after reclamation in Shanxi province, China. The alfalfa aboveground biomass (AGB) was used as an indicator for assessing vegetation restoration. The objective of this study was to evaluate the capacity of UAV-based fusion of RGB, multispectral, and thermal infrared information for estimating alfalfa AGB using various regression models, including random forest regression (RFR), gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT), K-nearest neighbor (KNN), support vector regression (SVR), and stacking models. The main results are as follows: (i) UAV multi-source data fusion improved alfalfa AGB estimation accuracy, although the enhancement diminished with the increasing number of sensor types. (ii) The stacking model consistently outperformed RFR, GBDT, KNN, and SVR regression models across all feature fusion combinations. It achieved high accuracy with R2 of 0.86–0.88, RMSE of 80.06–86.87 g/m2, and MAE of 60.24–62.69 g/m2. Notably, the stacking model based on only RGB imagery features mitigated the accuracy loss from limited types of features, potentially reducing equipment costs. This study demonstrated the potential of UAV in improving vegetation restoration management of coal waste dumps after reclamation.
3D micro-nano devices are expected to become the mainstay of multi-color solid-state lighting in the future because of their broad-band characteristic and the advantage of integrating the monolithic ...light-emitting diode on a single chip. In this work, InGaN/GaN micro-truncated pyramid arrays with six equivalent (101̄1) semi-polar facets and one (0001) polar facet were successfully prepared by the metal-organic chemical vapor deposition technology. The average diameter of the obtained uniform micro-truncated pyramids was 6.8 µm with a height of 2.4 µm. According to the results of micro-photoluminescence performed, the InGaN/GaN micro-truncated pyramid arrays can achieve multi-color emission from blue to red. The luminescent positions corresponding to different wavelengths were detected by the cathode luminescence spectrum. The multi-color emission was related to the quantum hybrid structures apart from the discrepancy of In composition in different positions. The developed microstructure can create multi-color emission by combining distinct luminescence modes, which can aid in the design of future optoelectronic devices.
In obesity and diabetes, intramuscular fat (IMF) content correlates markedly with insulin sensitivity, which makes IMF manipulation an area of therapeutic interest. Melatonin, an important circadian ...rhythm-regulating hormone, reportedly regulates fat deposition, but its effects on different types of adipose vary. Little is known about the role of melatonin in IMF deposition. Here, using intramuscular preadipocytes in pigs, we investigated to determine whether melatonin affects or regulates IMF deposition. We found that melatonin greatly inhibited porcine intramuscular preadipocyte proliferation. Although melatonin administration significantly upregulated the expression of adipogenic genes, smaller lipid droplets were formed in intramuscular adipocytes. Additional investigation demonstrated that melatonin promoted lipolysis of IMF by activating protein kinase A and the signaling of ERK1/2. Moreover, melatonin increased thermogenesis in intramuscular adipocytes by enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial respiration. A mouse model, in which untreated controls were compared with mice that received 3 weeks of melatonin treatment, verified the effect of melatonin on IMF deposition. In conclusion, melatonin reduces IMF deposition by upregulating lipolysis and mitochondrial bioactivities. These data establish a link between melatonin signaling and lipid metabolism in mammalian models and suggest the potential for melatonin administration to treat or prevent obesity and related diseases.
Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a complex disease which causes amenorrhea, hypergonadotropism and infertility in patients no more than 40 years old. Recently, several studies have reported ...that exosomes have the potential to protect ovarian function using a POI-like mouse model induced by chemotherapy drugs. In this study, the therapeutic potential of exosomes derived from human pluripotent stem cell-mesenchymal stem cells (hiMSC exosomes) was evaluated through a cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced POI-like mouse model. POI-like pathological changes in mice were determined by serum sex-hormones levels and the available number of ovarian follicles. The expression levels of cellular proliferation proteins and apoptosis-related proteins in mouse ovarian granulosa cells were measured using immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Notably, a positive effect on the preservation of ovarian function was evidenced, since the loss of follicles in the POI-like mouse ovaries was slowed. Additionally, hiMSC exosomes not only restored the levels of serum sex hormones, but also significantly promoted the proliferation of granulosa cells and inhibited cell apoptosis. The current study suggests that the administration of hiMSC exosomes in the ovaries can preserve female-mouse fertility.
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