Art design for visual communication is an innovative model that combines art, design and communication, aiming to present artworks through visual elements and design principles. This paper utilizes ...level 5 features extracted from pillar networks as a rough unimodal feature to extract saliency targets in art design images. Improving their performance can be achieved by cascading different unimodal features. Design the multi-branch group fusion module, which is divided into multi- and single-branch fusion branches according to the number of groups to extract different numbers of image features. Determine the classification of art images by their original and stroke information features. Design a quantitative analysis scheme for image data to analyze the role of art design from the perspective of RGB, HSV, and image visual information communication effect. In the image HSV analysis, the hue distribution region of the sample original image is mainly concentrated in 0,0.1 and 0.5,0.6, the distribution is more concentrated, and 1/3 of the maximum value of the saturation is under 0.8, which shows the visual characteristics mainly through the hue component. A better communication effect can be attributed to the mean value of the color conciseness score reaching 4.212 in the image visual communication effect.
This paper discusses constructing 3D modeling process for art and design works using 3D display technology and SIFT feature algorithm. Firstly, the pictures with different angles are obtained by ...changing the geometric information of the graphics and determining their positions in 3D space. Then the lighting model and texture mapping are used to enhance the realism, and the feature points are extracted in combination with the SIFT algorithm to determine the angle of the pictures. An initial 3D model is generated by image silhouette convergence, which corrects the image segmentation several times to complete the modeling. In addition, the study applies the modeling technique to the visualization teaching of art design, and verifies the teaching effect through students’ attitude and practical performance. The results show that most students have positive attitudes towards visualization teaching, especially in Class 2 and Class 15, where the favorite rate reaches 65%. Under this teaching method, students can flexibly utilize the design elements to create diversified art works.
Alcohol use disorders and ADHD Luderer, Mathias; Ramos Quiroga, Josep Antoni; Faraone, Stephen V. ...
Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews,
09/2021, Volume:
128
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
•ADHD and alcohol use / alcohol use disorder (AUD) share common genetic, neurobiological and neuropsychological associations.•ADHD symptoms and alcohol use during adolescence mutually increase the ...severity of the other leading to an increased risk for ADHD and AUD.•Thus, ADHD is highly prevalent in patients with AUD, and leads to worse treatment outcome.•Routine screening for ADHD in AUD is highly recommended and the diagnostic process should start as early as possible.•ADHD treatment includes long-acting stimulants, atomoxetine or guanfacine; psycho- and pharmacotherapy are indicated for both disorders.
Despite a growing literature on the complex bidirectional relationship of ADHD and substance use, reviews specifically focusing on alcohol are scarce. ADHD and AUD show a significant genetic overlap, including genes involved in gluatamatergic and catecholaminergic neurotransmission. ADHD drives risky behavior and negative experiences throughout the lifespan that subsequently enhance a genetically increased risk for Alcohol Use Disorders (AUD). Impulsive decisions and a maladaptive reward system make individuals with ADHD vulnerable for alcohol use and up to 43 % develop an AUD; in adults with AUD, ADHD occurs in about 20 %, but is vastly under-recognized and under-treated. Thus, routine screening and treatment procedures need to be implemented in AUD treatment. Long-acting stimulants or non-stimulants can be used to treat ADHD in individuals with AUD. However, it is crucial to combine medical treatment for ADHD with pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy for AUD, and other comorbid disorders. Identification of individuals at risk for AUD, especially those with ADHD and conduct disorder or oppositional defiant disorder, is a key factor to prevent negative outcomes.
Long noncoding RNA HOTTIP plays important roles in the generation and progression of human cancers. Exosomes participate in cellular communication by transmitting moleculars between cells and are ...regarded as suitable candidates for non-invasive diagnosis. However, the existence of HOTTIP in the circulating exosomes and the potential roles of exosomal HOTTIP in gastric cancer (GC) was poorly understood. This study aims at investigating the clinical roles of exosomal HOTTIP in GC. Serum exosomal HOTTIP from 246 subjects (126 GC patients and 120 healthy people) were detected by reverse transcription real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Our results showed that expression levels of exosomal HOTTIP were typically upregulated in GC than in normal control (P < 0.001). And its expression levels were significantly correlated with invasion depth (P = 0.0298) and TNM stage (P < 0.001). The AUC for exosomal HOTTIP was 0.827, which demonstrated a higher diagnostic capability than CEA, CA 19-9 and CA72-4 (AUC = 0.653, 0.685 and 0.639, respectively) (P < 0.001). The Kaplan-Meier analysis showed a correlation between increased exosomal HOTTIP levels and poor overall survival (OS) (logrank P < 0.001). And univariate and multivariate COX analysis revealed exosomal HOTTIP overexpression was an independent prognostic factor in GC patients (P = 0.027). These findings demonstrated that exosomal HOTTIP may be a potential biomarker for GC in diagnosis and prognosis.
Silicon-based materials and their oxides are widely used in drug delivery, dietary supplements, implants and dental fillers. Silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) interact with immunocompetent cells and ...induce immunotoxicity. However, the toxic effects of SiNPs on the immune system have been inadequately reviewed. The toxicity of SiNPs to the immune system depends on their physicochemical properties and the cell type. Assessments of immunotoxicity include determining cell dysfunctions, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. This review focuses on the immunotoxicity of SiNPs and investigates the underlying mechanisms. The main mechanisms were proinflammatory responses, oxidative stress and autophagy. Considering the toxicity of SiNPs, surface and shape modifications may mitigate the toxic effects of SiNPs, providing a new way to produce these nanomaterials with less toxic impaction.
•Neurons containing oxytocin or CRH may interact in the brain of IBS-like mice.•Oxytocin neurons in the PVN were activated by visceral stimulation.•Oxytocin antagonist-administered mice showed ...hypersensitive gut and anxiety.•CRH neurons in the amygdala were more activated by oxytocin antagonist.•Adaptive role of oxytocin neurons at visceral stimulation was suggested.
Activation of neurons containing oxytocin and corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus, the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) during colorectal distention (CRD) is likely to play a crucial role in animal models of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Earlier studies in rodents showed that the microbiome is involved in social behavior via oxytocin expression in the brain. However, the detailed mechanism of visceral sensation and oxytocin is largely unknown. We tested the following hypotheses: (1) that oxytocin neurons in the PVN are activated by CRD, and (2) that the activation of oxytocin neurons by CRD is related to anxiety-like behavior, visceral perception, and an activation of CRH CeA neurons or ACC neurons. Oxytocin antagonist caused visceral hypersensitivity and anxiety-like behavior. In the PVN, oxytocin neurons were activated by CRD. Noxious CRD activated the CeA, basolateral nucleus of the amygdala (BLA), and ACC. High-dose oxytocin antagonist suppressed ACC activity and activated CRH CeA neurons. These results support our hypotheses. Oxytocin likely regulates CRH CeA neurons in an inhibitory manner and the ACC in an excitatory manner. Further research into the interaction of oxytocin and CRH in visceral pain and anxiety is warranted.
The imbalance between production and clearance of amyloid‐beta (Aβ) is a key step in the onset and development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Therefore, reducing Aβ accumulation in the brain is a ...promising therapeutic strategy for AD. The recently discovered glymphatic system and meningeal lymphatic vasculature have been shown to be critical for the elimination of interstitial waste products, especially Aβ, from the brain. In the present study, ligation of deep cervical lymph nodes was performed to block drainage of this system and explore the consequences on Aβ‐related pathophysiology. Five‐month‐old APP/PS1 mice and their wild‐type littermates received deep cervical lymphatic node ligation. One month later, behavioral testing and pathological analysis were conducted. Results demonstrated that ligation of dcLNs exacerbated AD‐like phenotypes of APP/PS1 mice, showing more severe brain Aβ accumulation, neuroinflammation, synaptic protein loss, impaired polarization of aquaporin‐4 and deficits in cognitive and exploratory behaviors. These results suggest that brain lymphatic clearance malfunction is one of the deteriorating factors in the progression of AD, and restoring its function is a potential therapeutic target against AD.
•The obviously different changes in PD patients were not only presented in local encephalic region, but also between several functional networks in our study.•The changes of sensorimotor networks, ...cerebellar networks and insular networks can reflect the unbalancing state of compensation of brain functional regions in PD patients.•In addition to the classic sensorimotor cortex, the cerebellar network and insular network also play an important role in the control and regulation of sensorimotor function.
Functional MRI has played a fundamental role in Parkinson's disease(PD) study. In this paper, we performed an independent component analysis (ICA) based on functional networks to reveal the intricate variations on the morphology and functional properties of brain. Our analysis aims at discovering the differences between PD patients with sensorimotor function impairment and normal controls(NC), thus helping to understand the coordination neurological function degeneration in PD objectively.
We investigated the blood oxygen level dependent(BOLD) functional MRI obtained at a 3.0 T MRI scanner. 30 PD patients and 28 NC subjects underwent the scan in resting state. The signals of sensory and motor coordinative control areas in the sensorimotor, insula and cerebellum networks acquired by ICA(Independent Component Analysis)were applied to analyze the functional alterations. Specifically, intra-network analysis was performed with signals in local networks, and inter-network analysis was conducted by functional network connectivity (FNC) with signals across different networks. Two sample T test was carried out to detect the significant (p < 0.05, FDR p < 0.05) functional abnormality in PD patients.
We identified an obvious increase in bilateral posterior insula, but decrease in bilateral cerebellum hemisphere, supplementary motor area(SMA) and precentral gyrus paracentral lobule of left postcentral gyrus. Besides, we found a significantly increased connection between independent component (IC) 13 which was located in right postcentral gyrus and cerebellum. Decreased connections were detected between sensory and motor cortex in sensorimotor network and between cerebellum and insula network by FNC analysis in PD patients as well.
Parkinson's disease derives from the degeneration of the dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra, and results in decreased secretion of inhibitory neurotransmitter. The significant differences between PD and NC groups in our research maybe explain the clinical manifestations of prominent bradykinesia and multiple extrapyramidal symptoms.
DNA methylation is an epigenetic regulatory form that plays an important role in regulating the gene expression and the tissues development.. However, DNA methylation regulators involved in sheep ...muscle development remain unclear. To explore the functional importance of genome-scale DNA methylation during sheep muscle growth, this study systematically investigated the genome-wide DNA methylation profiles at key stages of Hu sheep developmental (fetus and adult) using deep whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS).
Our study found that the expression levels of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT)-related genes were lower in fetal muscle than in the muscle of adults. The methylation levels in the CG context were higher than those in the CHG and CHH contexts, and methylation levels were highest in introns, followed by exons and downstream regions. Subsequently, we identified 48,491, 17, and 135 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) in the CG, CHG, and CHH sequence contexts and 11,522 differentially methylated genes (DMGs). The results of bisulfite sequencing PCR (BSP) correlated well with the WGBS-Seq data. Moreover, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) functional annotation analysis revealed that some DMGs were involved in regulating skeletal muscle development and fatty acid metabolism. By combining the WGBS-Seq and previous RNA-Seq data, a total of 159 overlap genes were obtained between differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and DMGs (FPKM > 10 and fold change > 4). Finally, we found that 9 DMGs were likely to be involved in muscle growth and metabolism of Hu sheep.
We systemically studied the global DNA methylation patterns of fetal and adult muscle development in Hu sheep, which provided new insights into a better understanding of the epigenetic regulation of sheep muscle development.
Enterprises acquire heterogeneous knowledge through external knowledge search and adapt to the change of external environment, which is of great significance to enterprise breakthrough innovation. ...This paper takes the innovation ecosystem as the boundary of the research paradigm. Based on innovation ecosystem theory, knowledge management theory and enterprise innovation theory, this paper constructs a moderated mediation model of the enterprise knowledge search, knowledge integration and breakthrough innovation under the characteristics of innovation ecosystem network. This model is tested on the survey data of 344 technology enterprise and manufacturing industries including R&D departments in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. The research results show that: knowledge integration plays part of the intermediary role between knowledge search and enterprise breakthrough innovation; the larger the network scale, the stronger the network connection, the stronger the intermediary role of knowledge integration on the relationship between knowledge search and enterprise breakthrough innovation. The research results reveal the important role of the innovation ecosystem in enterprise breakthrough innovation. At the same time, the research on knowledge search and enterprise breakthrough innovation should consider the network characteristics of innovation ecosystem and the ability of enterprise knowledge integration.
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