Outdoor lighting and other lighting systems can disrupt natural plant growth habits. Thus, LED lighting that is not detrimental to plant growth is required. In our study, Dy3+-doped Ca8ZnY(PO4)7:Dy3+ ...phosphor with enhanced luminescence properties caused by the co-dopants Mg2+ and B3+ were synthesised. The samples had multiple excitation peaks, indicating they are excited by either near-ultraviolet (n-UV) or blue chips. All samples exhibited bright narrow yellow and blue emission corresponding to the transitions of Dy3+ ions with 4F9/2→6H13/2 and 4F9/2→6H13/2, respectively. Moreover, doping with Mg2+ and B3+ enhanced the luminescence intensity, reaching 113.6 and 119.7%, respectively. In addition, the luminescence emission intensity at 150 °C was maintained at approximately 95% of the initial value at 25 °C, and its thermal stability increased by 123%. Devices assembled with an n-UV chip (388 nm) and the as-obtained CZMYP:Dy3+ phosphor emitted a bright warm white light and simulated outdoor dark lighting for tobacco cultivation, indicating that the as-prepared phosphor is an excellent candidate material for plant habitat-conscious phosphors.
Hybrid carbonates, defined as the combinations of in situ abiotic, microbial, and skeletal precipitates, have changed with the biological and environmental conditions throughout geological history. ...After a long interval of dual-hybrid carbonates, the triple hybrid carbonates became predominant in the late Pennsylvanian and lasted until the Middle Triassic. The organic reefs of the upper Moscovian–Kasimovian (mid–late Pennsylvanian) strata of Guizhou, South China, are composed of abundant microbial carbonates, abiotic marine cements, and skeletal organisms, which are classified as triple hybrid carbonates. Microbial boundstones consisting of aragonitic cements (e.g., botryoidal cements) and microbial micrite are the major contributors to the reefs, as framework constructors, cavity fillers, and hard substrate for the encrusting metazoans. Skeletal components (e.g., the colonial rugose coral
Ivanovia
) and stromatolitic microbial carbonates could build simple frameworks with the growth cavities filled by syndepositional marine cements, automicrite, and carbonate particulate sediments. In situ phylloid algae normally form patch reefs and biostromes with abundant microbial micrite and peloids, while algal fragments contribute to the skeletal–cement–microbial reefs as large grains encrusted by microbial carbonates or marine cements. Petrographic features suggest the reefs formed at a shelf margin or upper slope setting with active water circulation. The evolution of Carboniferous organic buildups was primarily driven by changes in reef-building organisms, closely linked to external conditions, specifically seawater chemistry and paleoclimate. The ubiquitous triple hybrid carbonates in South China reefs, in agreement with Pennsylvanian tropical shallow-water reefs in their components, are proposed to derive from the interaction between decreasing atmospheric CO
2
concentration, high seawater Mg
2+
/Ca
2+
ratio, warm tropical water, and the evolution of skeletal organisms in the Pennsylvanian.
Abstract
In recent years, with the rapid development of the food industry, the accompanying food wastewater pollution has become increasingly serious, which has become one of the most important ...sources of industrial wastewater and even water pollution in China. However, the traditional food wastewater treatment technology has gradually been unable to meet the needs of social development, and the development of cheap, convenient, and efficient food wastewater treatment technology has become a current research hotspot. Nanomaterials are capable of absorbing or degrading pollutants more than conventional materials. The innovation of water supply treatment technology has brought good opportunities. Due to its adjustable chemical form, it can realize the regulation of various excellent properties such as hydrophobicity, low dimension, photothermal conversion capacity, catalytic activity, and adsorption capacity, etc., which is very suitable for the removal of major pollutants in food industrial wastewater. The excellent adsorption properties and optical properties of different materials have realized the efficient removal of major pollutants from food industrial wastewater.
A ligand-free Pd/Al(OH)3 nano-catalyst which is prepared by one-pot three-component method using Pd(PPh3)4, tetra (ethylene glycol), and aluminum tri-sec-butoxide exhibits excellent catalytic ...activity in Stille cross-couplings of (Het)aryl chlorides, arenediazonium tetrafluoroborate salts with phenyltributylstannane, respectively, and Kumada couplings of (Het)aryl chlorides with various Grignard reagents. More importantly, these two processes show excellent functional group compatibility with moderate to good yields and they are also versatile with respect to not only (Het)aryl chlorides, but also diazonium salts, and heteroaryl Grignard reagents. The nano-catalyst could also be recycled and reused 5 times without loss of activity and decrease of yield.
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Environment-friendly treatment process relies on the robustness, durability, and performance of catalysts to drive the development of cutting-edge sustainable technologies for the elimination of ...refractory contaminants. Herein, nanocomposites prepared from zero-valent Co-Fe encapsulated in nitrogen-containing carbon (NC) nanoparticles (CFNC-30 NPs) derived from CoFe
O
@zeolitic imidazolate frameworks-67 were successfully prepared through pyrolysis integrated with self-reduction, and further utilized as the novel catalysts to degrade 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) by coupling with peroxymonosulfate (PMS). Three optimized parameters (CFNC-30 NPs dosage of 0.089 g L
, PMS concentration of 1.1 g L
, and initial pH of 6.6) were obtained via response surface methodology by using the Box-Behnken design model. Benefiting from the larger specific surface area, pore-volume, and existence of abundant hydroxyl groups, CFNC-30 NPs with more available active sites exhibited an excellent efficiency of 99.1% toward catalytic degradation of 4-CP within 30 min under the optimal conditions. Moreover, CFNC-30 NPs demonstrated durability and long-term stability even during the five consecutive cycle tests without a significant drop in its catalytic performance. The scavenging experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance technologies revealed that non-radical singlet oxygen (
O
), sulfate radicals (SO
), and hydroxyl radicals (HO) were involved as active species in the CFNC-30/PMS system, contributing 46.8, 35.6, and 17.6% efficiency toward 4-CP degradation, respectively. Besides, the reaction mechanism on the CFNC-30 NPs and degradation pathways toward 4-CP were speculated under PMS activation. The results indicated that the synergistic effects between zero-valent Co-Fe and NC structures not only significantly boosted the removal efficiency and long-term stability of CFNC-30 NPs, but also facilitated the redox cycles of Co
/Co
and Fe
/Fe
. This proof-of-concept approach to develop such high-efficient zero-valent Co-Fe encapsulated in NC structures opens up novel avenues for wastewater decontamination via PMS activation.
Drought stress affects plant growth and development. Cultivated peanut (
Arachis hypogaea
) was formed by a cross between
A. duranensis
and
A. ipaensis
. The drought tolerance of
A. duranensis
and
A. ...ipaensis
is reportedly stronger than that of cultivated peanut. However, there has been little study of drought tolerance genes in
Arachis
. In this study, we compared drought tolerance genes between
A. hypogaea
cv. Tifrunner and its diploid donors. We have observed that polyploidization does not generate more drought tolerance genes in
A. hypogaea
cv. Tifrunner but promotes the loss of many ancient drought tolerance genes. Although putative drought tolerance genes occurred on gene duplication events in
A. hypogaea
cv. Tifrunner, most copies lacked drought tolerance. These findings suggest that the loss of drought tolerance genes in
A. hypogaea
cv. Tifrunner could possibly result in weaker drought tolerance. In addition, we have observed that the three
Arachis
species stochastically lost putative drought tolerance genes. The evolution of drought tolerance genes could possibly have correlated with environmental changes. Our results enhance the current understanding of drought tolerance and polyploidy evolution in
Arachis
species.
Can serum kisspeptin levels 14 and 21 days after frozen–thawed embryo transfer predict the early pregnancy outcome of patients?
Prospective study, with 133 patients undergoing frozen–thawed embryo ...transfer. Patients were divided into non-pregnant group and pregnant group (including biochemical pregnancy, singleton pregnancy, miscarriage and twin groups).
Serum kisspeptin levels on day 21 were significantly higher than day 14 in singleton pregnancy, miscarriage and twin groups (all P < 0.0001), but not in the biochemical pregnancy group. Similarly, serum human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) levels were higher on day 21 compared with day 14 except for the biochemical pregnancy group. Compared with the twin group (296.9 pg/ml), the other four groups showed significantly higher serum kisspeptin levels on day 14 (non-pregnant 548.9, biochemical pregnancy 440.4, miscarriage 434.9, singleton pregnancy group 420.9 pg/ml, P < 0.01, P = 0.016, P = 0.034, P = 0.036, respectively). The miscarriage (762.2 pg/ml), singleton pregnancy (730.8 pg/ml) and twin groups (826.3 pg/ml) had significantly higher kisspeptin levels than the biochemical pregnancy group (397.3 pg/ml) on day 21 (P < 0.001, P < 0.01, P < 0.001, respectively). Serum kisspeptin levels on day 14 were negatively correlated with embryo implantation rate (P = 0.035, R2 = –0.880). Serum kisspeptin levels on day 21 have a poor predictive value of miscarriage compared with serum HCG levels (area under the curve = 0.53 and 0.78, respectively).
Serum kisspeptin levels on day 14 are negatively correlated with embryo implantation rate. Serum kisspeptin levels on day 21 have a poor predictive value of miscarriage.
Synaptic exocytosis relies on assembly of three soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment receptor (SNARE) proteins into a parallel four-helix bundle to drive membrane fusion. SNARE ...assembly occurs by stepwise zippering of the vesicle-associated SNARE (v-SNARE) onto a binary SNARE complex on the target plasma membrane (t-SNARE). Zippering begins with slow N-terminal association followed by rapid C-terminal zippering, which serves as a power stroke to drive membrane fusion. SNARE mutations have been associated with numerous diseases, especially neurological disorders. It remains unclear how these mutations affect SNARE zippering, partly due to difficulties to quantify the energetics and kinetics of SNARE assembly. Here, we used single-molecule optical tweezers to measure the assembly energy and kinetics of SNARE complexes containing single mutations I67T/N in neuronal SNARE synaptosomal-associated protein of 25kDa (SNAP-25B), which disrupt neurotransmitter release and have been implicated in neurological disorders. We found that both mutations significantly reduced the energy of C-terminal zippering by ~10 kBT, but did not affect N-terminal assembly. In addition, we observed that both mutations lead to unfolding of the C-terminal region in the t-SNARE complex. Our findings suggest that both SNAP-25B mutations impair synaptic exocytosis by destabilizing SNARE assembly, rather than stabilizing SNARE assembly as previously proposed. Therefore, our measurements provide insights into the molecular mechanism of the disease caused by SNARE mutations.
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•The mechanism by which two SNAP-25B mutations cause disease is unclear.•The mutations greatly weaken SNARE C-terminal zippering.•The mutations do not affect SNARE N-terminal assembly.•The mutations impair t-SNARE folding.•The mutations impair SNARE assembly and thus lead to impaired neurotransmission.
A highly chemoselective, efficient and nano-Pd catalyzed protocol for the rapid construction of sulfoxides and sulfones
via
the oxidation of symmetrical and unsymmetrical sulfides using H
2
O
2
as an ...oxidant has been developed, respectively. The ready availability of starting materials, easy recovery and reutilization of the catalyst, wide substrate scope, and high yields make this protocol an attractive alternative. The process also involves the metal-free and microwave-promoted synthesis of symmetrical diarylsulfides, and FeCl
3
-mediated preparation of symmetrical diaryldisulfides through the reaction of arenediazonium tetrafluoroborates with Na
2
S·9H
2
O as a sulfur source. In addition, unsymmetrical sulfides were generated
via
the K
2
CO
3
-mediated reaction of arenediazonium tetrafluoroborates with symmetrical disulfides.
A highly chemoselective nano-Pd catalyzed protocol for the construction of sulfoxides and sulfones
via
the oxidation of symmetrical and unsymmetrical sulfides using H
2
O
2
as an oxidant has been developed, respectively.
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