The fire detection plays a critical role in the maintenance of public security. Previous approaches of early fire warning, based on smoke or temperature response must be set in the proximity of a ...fire. They cannot provide the additional information of fire location or size and are susceptible to complicated situations. It is still a big challenge to make rapid and accurate early fire warning in precombustion because of the lack of reliable alarm signals. Herein, a precursor molecular sensor (PMS) is designed and synthesized that can present the chemical structure transformation to form phthalocyanines (Pcs) and release a color change signal at about 180 °C, learning from the plant chlorophyll metabolism. Further, the PMS is assembled to an early fire warning component (EWC) and an intelligent image recognition algorithm is introduced for unburned fire detection. The EWC generates a colorful alarm within 20 s at 275 °C. Therefore, the facile PMS provides a reliable real‐time monitoring strategy to the early fire warning detection in precombustion.
A bioinspired color changing molecular sensor is designed to achieve early fire detection based on transformation of phthalonitrile to phthalocyanine, learning from the plant chlorophyll metabolism. An intelligent image recognition algorithm is applied and the sensor generates colorful alarm within 20 s at 275 °C. This study provides a reliable real‐time monitoring strategy to the early fire detection in precombustion.
Primary microcephaly is caused by mutations in genes encoding centrosomal proteins including WDR62 and KIF2A. However, mechanisms underlying human microcephaly remain elusive. By creating mutant mice ...and human cerebral organoids, here we found that WDR62 deletion resulted in a reduction in the size of mouse brains and organoids due to the disruption of neural progenitor cells (NPCs), including outer radial glia (oRG). WDR62 ablation led to retarded cilium disassembly, long cilium, and delayed cell cycle progression leading to decreased proliferation and premature differentiation of NPCs. Mechanistically, WDR62 interacts with and promotes CEP170's localization to the basal body of primary cilium, where CEP170 recruits microtubule-depolymerizing factor KIF2A to disassemble cilium. WDR62 depletion reduced KIF2A's basal body localization, and enhanced KIF2A expression partially rescued deficits in cilium length and NPC proliferation. Thus, modeling microcephaly with cerebral organoids and mice reveals a WDR62-CEP170-KIF2A pathway promoting cilium disassembly, disruption of which contributes to microcephaly.
Objective
This study aimed to evaluate the surgical outcomes and relevant prognostic factors in patients with low‐grade epilepsy‐associated neuroepithelial tumors (LEAT) and, especially, to develop a ...scoring system to predict postoperative seizure outcomes.
Methods
The clinical data of patients who underwent epilepsy surgery for LEAT were retrospectively studied. The surgical outcomes of seizure and neurological statuses in patients were evaluated using Engel classification and modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scoring, respectively. A scoring system of seizure outcomes was constructed based on the weight of the β‐coefficient estimate of each predictor in the final multivariate predicting model of seizure outcomes.
Results
Of the 287 patients (106 female) enrolled, the median age was 19 years at surgery and 10 years at seizure onset, with a median duration of epilepsy of 60 months. Among 258 patients who were followed up for at least 12 months, 215 (83.3%) patients had a favorable seizure outcome (Engel class I) after surgery, and 43 (16.7%) patients had an unfavorable seizure outcome; longer duration of epilepsy, discordant magnetoencephalography (MEG) findings, and acute postoperative seizures were significantly included in the scoring system to predict unfavorable seizure outcomes, and in the scoring system, accumulated scoring of 0–19 scores was recorded, which were finally grouped into three risk levels: low risk (risk < 30%), medium risk (30% ≤ risk < 70%), and high risk (risk ≥ 70%). In addition, favorable neurological outcomes (mRS score 0–1) were recorded in 187 (72.5%) patients, while unfavorable neurological outcomes were recorded in 71 (27.5%) patients, which were significantly related to poor seizure control, older age at surgery, and longer duration of epilepsy and hospitalization time.
Significance
The long‐term surgical outcomes of LEAT after surgery were satisfactory. A scoring system for predicting unfavorable seizure outcomes with different risk levels was developed, which could partly guide clinical treatments of LEAT.
Cirrhosis is a recognized risk factor for developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Few studies have reported the expression profile of circRNAs in HCC samples compared to paratumour dysplastic ...nodule (DN) samples.
The Arraystar Human circRNA Array combined with laser capture microdissection (LCM) was used to analyse the expression profile of circRNAs in HCC samples compared to paratumour DN samples. Then, both in vitro and in vivo HCC models were used to determine the role and mechanism of key circRNA in HCC progression and treatment sensitivity.
We found that circMEMO1 was significantly downregulated in HCC samples and that the level of circMEMO1 was closely related to the OS and disease-free survival (DFS) of HCC patients. Mechanistic analysis revealed that circMEMO1 can modulate the promoter methylation and gene expression of TCF21 to regulate HCC progression by acting as a sponge for miR-106b-5p, which targets the TET family of genes and increases the 5hmC level. More importantly, circMEMO1 can increase the sensitivity of HCC cells to sorafenib treatment.
Our study determined that circMEMO1 can promote the demethylation and expression of TCF21 and can be considered a crucial epigenetic modifier in HCC progression.
Tin phosphide (Sn
x
P
y
) is considered as an alternative anode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to its high theoretical lithium-storage ability. Herein, carbon-coated SnP/C and Sn
4
P
3
.../C composites are obtained
via
a facile solid-phase method for the first time. Subsequently, the lithium storage performances of SnP/C and Sn
4
P
3
/C are investigated in coin-cells, demonstrating a significantly high lithiation capacity and outstanding stability due to the introduction of carbon. Typically, the SnP/C anode delivers a very high specific capacity up to 751 mA h g
−1
at 0.1 A g
−1
and a specific capacity of 610 mA h g
−1
with a long cycling life of 500 cycles at a current density of 1.0 A g
−1
, while the Sn
4
P
3
/C anode yields 727 mA h g
−1
at 0.2 A g
−1
after 100 cycles. The specific capacities achieved here are remarkably higher than those of any other tin phosphide materials reported in previous studies. Moreover, the stability and cycling performance of these materials are significantly better in comparison with the previous studies, manifesting the best lithium-storage capacity performance of the Sn
x
P
y
anode to date.
Tin phosphide (Sn
x
P
y
) is a promising anode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs).
Background
With the increasing fragmentation of landscape induced by rapid urbanization, the construction of ecological networks is of great significance to alleviate the degradation of urban ...habitats and protect natural environments. However, there is considerable uncertainty when constructing ecological networks, especially the different approaches to selecting ecological sources. We used the southern Chinese city of Shenzhen as a study area to construct and optimize ecological networks using a coupling approach. Ecological source areas were extracted using morphological spatial pattern analysis (MSPA) and the landscape index method. Ecological networks were constructed using the minimal cumulative resistance (MCR) model and the gravity model. Stepping stones and ecological fault points were added in corridors to optimize the ecological network.
Results
Ten core areas with maximum importance patch values were extracted by the landscape index method as ecological source areas according to MSPA, after which corridors between ecological sources were constructed based on the MCR model. The constructed ecological networks were optimized using 35 stepping stones and 17 ecological fault points. The optimized ecological networks included 11 important corridors, 34 general corridors, and seven potential corridors. The results of corridor landscape-type analysis showed that a suitable ecological corridor is 60 to 200 m wide.
Conclusions
Overall, our results imply that ecological source areas can be identified virtually, and that ecological networks can be significantly optimized by combining MSPA and MCR models. These results provide a methodological reference for constructing ecological networks, and they will be useful for urban planning and biodiversity protection in Shenzhen and other similar regions around the world.
The Yb(OTf)
3
-catalyzed 3+2 cycloaddition of donor-acceptor cyclopropanes with thiourea offers an efficient route to diverse 2-amino-4,5-dihydrothiophenes (up to 92% yield), in which optically ...active 2-amino-dihydrothiophenes can be produced from enantiomerically pure cyclopropanes. Thiourea, which is an odorless and cheap reagent, provides a C&z.dbd;S double bond, serves as an amino source, and functions as a decarbalkoxylation reagent in this reaction. Preliminary mechanistic studies demonstrate that the reaction undergoes a sequential 3+2 cycloaddition/deamination/decarboxylation process.
The Yb(OTf)
3
catalyzed 3+2 cycloaddition of donor-acceptor cyclopropanes with thiourea offers an efficient route to diverse 2-amino-4,5-dihydrothiophenes.
Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is an adjunctive treatment for drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). However, it is still difficult to predict which patients will respond to VNS treatment and to what extent. ...We aim to explore the relationship between preoperative heart rate variability (HRV) and VNS outcome. 50 healthy control subjects and 63 DRE patients who had received VNS implants and had at least one year of follow up were included. The preoperative HRV were analyzed by traditional linear methods and heart rhythm complexity analyses with multiscale entropy (MSE). DRE patients had significantly lower complexity indices (CI) as well as traditional linear HRV measurements than healthy controls. We also found that non-responders
had significantly lower preoperative CI including Area 1-5, Area 6-15 and Area 6-20 than those in the responders
while those of the non-responders
had significantly lower RMSSD, pNN50, VLF, LF, HF, TP and LF/HF than the responders
. In receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, Area 6-20 and RMSSD had the greatest discriminatory power for the responders
and non-responders
, responders
and non-responders
, respectively. Our results suggest that preoperative assessment of HRV by linear and MSE analysis can help in predicting VNS outcomes in patients with DRE.
The compositional distribution of pyrolysis products is related to the molecular structure of coal and pyrolysis parameters. In this study, gaseous products generated from the pyrolysis of two ...low-rank coals were analyzed by an online home-built infrared detection system. The effect of heating rate and temperature on compositional distribution was considered and evaluated. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), gas chromatograph/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), and Orbitrap-MS were employed to analyze other pyrolysis products such as raw coals, chars, and tars. In the pyrolysis process, oxygen-containing compounds in coal were the first species to participate in pyrolysis reactions. With the enhancement of temperature, the content of aromatic hydrocarbons showed an increasing trend, and the contents of aliphatic hydrocarbons and oxygenates decreased. In the four major pyrolysis gases, the yield of H2 was the highest and the lowest for CO2. In addition, dynamic curves of the main pyrolysis gas were obtained, and the activation energies of pyrolysis gases were calculated by Ozawa-Flynn-Wall’s (OFW) method. The possible generation pathways of gaseous products were proposed.
•Online infrared device was used to study the release behavior of pyrolysis gas.•The transformation path of pyrolysis products is proposed.•The effect of secondary reaction on the product was investigated.
Four new xanthones, cratocochinones A–D (1–4), together with eight known analogues (5–12), were isolated from the stems and leaves of Cratoxylum cochinchinense. The chemical structures of ...cratocochinones A–D (1–4) were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic analyses and the known compounds were identified by comparisons with the spectral data reported in the literature. All isolated compounds 1–12 were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activities and anti-HIV-1 activities. Compounds 1–12 showed remarkable inhibitory activities on nitric oxide (NO) production induced by lipopolysaccharide in mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells in vitro, with IC50 values in the range of 0.86 ± 0.05 to 18.36 ± 0.21 µM. Meanwhile, compounds 1–12 exhibited significant anti-HIV-1 activities with EC50 which ranged from 0.22 to 11.23 µM. These findings indicate that the discoveries of these xanthones, isolated from the stems and leaves of C. cochinchinense, showing significant anti-inflammatory and anti-HIV-1 effects could be of great importance to the research and development of new natural anti-inflammatory and anti-HIV agents.
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