Electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide to valuable chemicals is a sustainable technology that can achieve a carbon‐neutral energy cycle in the environment. Electrochemical CO2 reduction ...reaction (CO2RR) processes using metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), featuring atomically dispersed active sites, large surface area, high porosity, controllable morphology, and remarkable tunability, have attracted considerable research attention. Well‐defined MOFs can be constructed to improve conductivity, introduce active centers, and form carbon‐based single‐atom catalysts (SACs) with enhanced active sites that are accessible for the development of CO2 conversion. In this review, the progress on pristine MOFs, MOF hybrids, and MOF‐derived carbon‐based SACs is summarized for the electrocatalytic reduction of CO2. Finally, the limitations and potential improvement directions with respect to the advancement of MOF‐related materials for the field of research are discussed. These summaries are expected to provide inspiration on reasonable design to develop stable and high‐efficiency MOFs‐based electrocatalysts for CO2RR.
With many advantages including atomically dispersed active sites and controllable structures, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs)‐related single‐atom catalysts have been identified as promising catalysts for the electrochemical CO2 reduction. The progress on MOF‐related single‐atom catalysts for CO2 reduction is highlighted. The challenges and potential improvement directions concerning the advancement of MOF‐related materials for CO2 reduction are proposed.
With a large population of internal migrants from all over the world, China has the largest number of internal floating migrants, and most of them (up to 169 million in 2016) are rural-to-urban ...migrants. Those migrants have difficulty accessing essential health care services because of Hukou, leading to disparities in health needs and utilization between rural-to-urban migrants and residents. To compare the needs and utilization of health services between urban residents and rural-to-urban migrants in China from 2012 to 2016.
We used longitudinal data from the Chinese Labor Dynamic Survey (CLDS) with three waves in 2012, 2014 and 2016. Descriptive analysis was employed to show self-reported illnesses and health services utilization among locals and migrants in the most recent 2 weeks in China. Chi-square tests and log binomial regression models were constructed to explore factors influencing health care needs and utilization.
A total of 19.97% of respondents were rural-to-urban migrants, with an upward trend from 2012 to 2016. Rural-to-urban migrants (11.99%) had higher needs for health services than urban residents (10.47%) in general, while urban residents and migrants had no differences in needs in 2012. Besides, there was no difference in the utilization of health services between residents and migrants in 2012, 2014 or 2016. In addition, increased age, male sex, poor medical insurance coverage and dissatisfaction with income were found to have negative effects on health care needs.
This study has shown that the rural-to-urban migrants had higher health care needs but the same health care utilization compared with urban residents in China. Health policies focusing on equitable health outcomes should pay more attention to rural-to-urban migrants in China's health care system reform.
A non-parametric Bayesian factor model is proposed for joint analysis of multi-platform genomics data. The approach is based on factorizing the latent space (feature space) into a shared component ...and a data-specific component with the dimensionality of these components (spaces) inferred via a beta-Bernoulli process. The proposed approach is demonstrated by jointly analyzing gene expression/copy number variations and gene expression/methylation data for ovarian cancer patients, showing that the proposed model can potentially uncover key drivers related to cancer.
Availability and implementation: The source code for this model is written in MATLAB and has been made publicly available at https://sites.google.com/site/jointgenomics/
Contact:
catherine.ll.zheng@gmail.com
Supplementary information:
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells have been developing rapidly in the past several years, and their power conversion efficiency has reached over 20%, nearing that of polycrystalline ...silicon solar cells. Because the diffusion length of the hole in perovskites is longer than that of the electron, the performance of the device can be improved by using an electron transporting layer,
e.g.
, TiO
2
, ZnO and TiO
2
/Al
2
O
3
. Nano-structured electron transporting materials facilitate not only electron collection but also morphology control of the perovskites. The properties, morphology and preparation methods of perovskites are reviewed in the present article. A comprehensive understanding of the relationship between the structure and property will benefit the precise control of the electron transporting process and thus further improve the performance of perovskite solar cells.
The properties, morphology and preparation methods of nano-structured electron transporting materials for perovskite solar cells are reviewed in this article.
•The four kinds of BTM are mentioned and compared to reveal that PCMs are high efficiency and low cost.•Selection criteria and evaluation of PCMs used for BTM are provided and discussed.•An extensive ...and latest review of PCMs used for BTM is included.•Shape stability and flexible of PCM used for BTM need to be considered.•Research of inorganic PCMs in BTM should be paid more attention.
With the rapid consumption of traditional fossil energy and the aggravation of environmental pollution, it has become a trend for new energy to replace fossil energy as the main power source. Under this trend, lithium-ion batteries have attracted more and more attention as a new energy storage device, and it has been widely used because of its many remarkable merits. However, lithium-ion batteries are sensitive to the temperature, so the battery thermal management (BTM) is an indispensable component of commercialized lithium-ion batteries energy storage system. At present, there are mainly four kinds of BTM, including air medium, liquid medium, heat pipe and phase change material (PCM) medium. Among them, PCM based BTM is a novel passive thermal management technology, and control the temperature by means of the latent heat during the phase change of PCM, which provide the great ability and high efficiency of thermal management. Many functional fillers could improve significantly the thermal conductivity, antileakage and other properties of pure PCMs, which is more suitable for the BTM. In this paper, the advantages of PCM based BTM are analyzed, and the latest research progress is comprehensively summarized and reviewed. Furthermore, the current technical problems and future research trend of PCM based BTM are also discussed. This work can provide an important evidence and new insight into the selection of PCMs for thermal management of lithium-ion batteries.
In the past two years, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells has significantly increased up to 20.1%. These state-of-the-art new devices surpass ...other third-generation solar cells to become the most promising rival to the silicon-based solar cells. Since the morphology of the perovskite film is one of the most crucial factors to affect the performance of the device, many approaches have been developed for its improvement. This review provides a systematical summary of the methods for morphology control. Introductions and discussions on the mechanisms and relevant hotspots are also given. Understanding the growth process of perovskite crystallites has great benefits for further efficiency improvement and enlightens us to exploit new technologies for large-scale, low-cost and high-performance perovskite solar cells.
In the past two years, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells has significantly increased up to 20.1%.
The cyanobacterium
Pseudanabaena
sp. FACHB 1277, a 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB) producer isolated from Xionghe Reservoir, was identified by molecular biological methods based on the 16S rDNA sequence.
...Pseudanabaena
sp. FACHB 1277 is a planktonic freshwater species with relatively high 2-MIB per cell density value (7.76 × 10
−6
ng cell
−1
) and specific growth rate (0.25 ± 0.01 d
−1
). The effects of temperature and light intensity on 2-MIB production of
Pseudanabaena
sp. FACHB 1277 were investigated. Of the six temperatures tested, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 °C, the maximum total 2-MIB per cell density and minimum cell density were observed at 10 °C, while the total 2-MIB and dissolved 2-MIB (including extracellular and dissolved intracellular 2-MIB) increased with increasing temperature. Among the six tested light intensities (10, 25, 40, 55, 70, and 85 μmol photons m
−2
s
−1
), the minimum total 2-MIB per cell density and maximum cell density were observed at 25 μmol photons m
−2
s
−1
. The total 2-MIB and extracellular 2-MIB increased with light intensity increasing from 10 to 40 μmol photons m
−2
s
−1
, while no significant increase was observed when the light intensity was higher than 40 μmol photons m
−2
s
−1
. The maximum intracellular 2-MIB (including dissolved and bound) occurred at 25 μmol photons m
−2
s
−1
. The present study indicates that increasing temperature could favor the conversion of bound intracellular to dissolved 2-MIB, while increasing light intensity stimulates the release of dissolved intracellular 2-MIB into the environment.
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•Ethanol-dispersed CsPbX3 PNCs are prepared by using glycyrrhizic acid as the sole capping ligand.•The role of water and glycyrrhizic acid on the preparation and stability of PNCs are ...illustrated in detail.•The PNCs emissive ethanol gel with improved stability is prepared by adding zwitterionic CHAPS.
Cesium lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) are highly attractive for optoelectronic applications due to their tunable bandgap, large absorption cross section and efficient photoluminescence. However, the dynamic ligand binding and ionic lattice make PNCs extremely sensitive to polar solvents, which greatly hinders the applications of PNCs. In this work, we first synthesize ethanol-dispersed PNCs with the assistance of water using glycyrrhizic acid (GA) as the sole capping ligand. The prepared PNCs with a mean size of 14.5 nm exhibit a narrow and symmetric emission band (full width at half maximum: 18 nm) and photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield (QY) of ~38.1%. Different with the common sense, the addition of water promotes the formation of GA-passivated PNCs due to the accelerated reaction rate of precursors and the H+ dissociation of GA at presence of Lewis base water. Furthermore, the ethanol-dispersed PNCs can be further transformed into emissive ethanol gels with improved stability. Our findings provide a novel strategy to achieve stable colloidal PNCs in polar solvents.
In order to rapidly inform polices in the international response to the ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), we summarize in this review current evidence on epidemiological and ...clinical features of the infection, transmission routes, problems of nucleic-acid testing, the epidemiological trend in China and impact of interventional measures, and some lessons learned. We concluded that the epidemic is containable with traditional nonpharmacological interventions, mainly through social distancing and finding and isolating suspected patients and close contacts. Nonpharmacological interventions are the only effective measures currently accessible and have suppressed some 90% of the infections in China. Close contacts are the major mechanism of transmission, which makes it possible to control this epidemic through nonpharmacological methods. Nucleic-acid testing alone may miss some 50% of infected patients, and other methods such as chest computerized tomography (CT) or serology should be considered to supplement molecular testing. The development of vaccines and drugs is important, but hesitation to make use of nonpharmacological interventions may mean missing golden opportunities for effective actions.
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