The asymmetric synthesis of Si‐stereogenic silanes has attracted great attention due to the increasing values of Si‐containing functional molecules in synthetic chemistry, medicinal chemistry, and ...material chemistry. Merging organosilicon chemistry with transition‐metal‐catalyzed C−H approach has led to rich sets of new reactions holding great synthetic values. This Minireview aims to summarize the advances in the construction of Si‐stereogenic silanes through the transition‐metal‐catalyzed C−H activation approach.
The preparation of chiral Si‐stereogenic silanes, a class of functional molecules with increasing values in synthetic chemistry, medicinal chemistry, and material chemistry, via transition‐metal‐catalyzed C−H activation approach is an elegant and attractive manner, in short steps from simple starting materials. This Minireview summarizes the advances in construction of Si‐stereogenic silanes by using this approach as well as future perspectives.
Noble metal-based nanomaterials possess outstanding catalytic properties in various chemical reactions. However, the increasing cost of noble metals severely hinders their large-scale applications. A ...cost-effective strategy is incorporating noble metals with light nonmetal elements (
, H, B, C, N, P and S) to form noble metal-based nanocompounds, which can not only reduce the noble metal content, but also promote their catalytic performances by tuning their crystal lattices and introducing additional active sites. In this review, we present a concise overview of the recent advancements in the preparation and application of various kinds of noble metal-light nonmetal binary nanocompounds. Besides introducing synthetic strategies, we focus on the effects of introducing light nonmetal elements on the lattice structures of noble metals and highlight notable progress in the lattice strain engineering of representative core-shell nanostructures derived from these nanocompounds. In the meantime, the catalytic applications of the light element-incorporated noble metal-based nanomaterials are discussed. Finally, we discuss current challenges and future perspectives in the development of noble metal-nonmetal based nanomaterials.
Bromodomain‐containing protein 4 (BRD4), a chromatin‐binding protein, is involved in the development of various tumors. Recent evidence suggests that BRD4 also plays a significant role in ...cardiovascular diseases, such as ischemic heart disease, hypertension, and cardiac hypertrophy. This review summarizes the roles of BRD4 as a potential regulator of various pathophysiological processes in cardiovascular diseases, implicating that BRD4 may be a new therapeutic target for cardiovascular diseases in the future.
This review summarizes the roles of BRD4 as a potential regulator of various pathophysiological processes in cardiovascular diseases, implicating that BRD4 may be a new therapeutic target for cardiovascular diseases in the future.
Background
Despite advances in treatment options for thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), there are still limited high quality data to inform clinicians regarding its appropriate treatment.
...Methods
In June 2018, the ISTH formed a multidisciplinary guideline panel to issue recommendations about treatment of TTP. The panel discussed 12 treatment questions related to immune‐mediated TTP (iTTP) and hereditary or congenital TTP (cTTP). The panel used the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach, including evidence‐to‐decision frameworks, to appraise evidence and formulate recommendations.
Results
The panel agreed on 11 recommendations based on evidence ranging from very low to moderate certainty. For first acute episode and relapses of iTTP, the panel made a strong recommendation for adding corticosteroids to therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and a conditional recommendation for adding rituximab and caplacizumab. For asymptomatic iTTP with low plasma ADAMTS13 activity, the panel made a conditional recommendation for the use of rituximab outside of pregnancy, but prophylactic TPE during pregnancy. For asymptomatic cTTP, the panel made a strong recommendation for prophylactic plasma infusion during pregnancy, and a conditional recommendation for plasma infusion or a wait and watch approach outside of pregnancy.
Conclusions
The panel's recommendations are based on all the available evidence for the effects of an individual component of various treatment approaches, including suppressing inflammation, blocking platelet clumping, replacing the missing and/or inhibited ADAMTS13, and suppressing the formation of ADAMTS13 autoantibody. There was insufficient evidence for further comparing different treatment approaches (eg, TPE, corticosteroids, rituximab, and caplacizumab, etc.), for which high quality studies are needed.
Correction for 'Lattice engineering of noble metal-based nanomaterials
metal-nonmetal interactions for catalytic applications' by Long Zheng
,
, 2024, https://doi.org/10.1039/d4nr00561a.
Lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) have attracted intensive attention as promising next-generation energy storage systems, due to the high energy density and low cost of sulfur cathodes. Despite the ...substantial progress in improving LSBs' performance, their wide implementation still suffers from great challenges, including the difficulties in achieving practically high energy density with long cycle life and the concerns about the limited lithium resources. The former issue mainly arises from the insufficient understanding of the mechanics of the complex lithium-sulfur redox reactions, while the latter trigger the exploration of a range of new metal-sulfur systems, such as sodium-sulfur, potassium-sulfur, magnesium-sulfur, calcium-sulfur, and aluminum-sulfur batteries. These lithium-free metal-sulfur batteries (MSBs) have the potential to offer higher energy density or/and lower battery costs. The fundamental understanding and rational regulation of effective metal-sulfur conversion reactions are crucial for developing advanced and emerging MSBs. Herein, this work aims to overview the state-of-the-art progress in circumventing these issues of MSBs, in terms of working mechanisms, key factors determining the electrochemical behavior and battery performance. Advanced
in situ
characterization techniques used to disclose the sulfur conversion mechanisms are also elaborately discussed. Conclusions and perspectives for the future research direction in MSBs are proposed.
The fundamental understanding and rational regulation of effective metal-sulfur conversion reactions in metal-sulfur batteries.
Zinc–air batteries (ZABs) are expected to be some of the most promising power sources for wearable and portable electronic devices and have received widespread research interest. As an ion conductor ...connecting anodes and cathodes, the electrolyte is critical for the overall performance of ZABs (e.g., energy density, rechargeability, and operating voltage). Compared with liquid electrolytes, polymer-based electrolytes have superior characteristics for ZABs, such as negligible electrolyte leakage, three-phase interface stabilization, and dendrite suppression. In this perspective, we focus on recent progress in polymer-based electrolytes for ZABs. After a brief introduction to ZABs and electrolytes, we emphasize the development of polymer-based electrolytes in terms of their intrinsic properties and interfacial chemistry. Finally, challenges and viable strategies are proposed for polymer-based electrolytes in ZABs. We hope that this work will provide useful guidance to spur the development of high-performance ZABs based on advanced polymer-based electrolytes.
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•Recent progress on polymer-based electrolytes in zinc-air batteries is discussed in this work.•Typical design strategies for polymer-based electrolytes are illustrated in terms of the intrinsic property and interfacial chemistry.•Current challenges and future perspectives of polymer-based electrolytes in zinc-air batteries are proposed.
Amide bond formation and transition metal-catalyzed cross-coupling are two of the most frequently used chemical reactions in organic synthesis. Recently, an overlap between these two reaction ...families was identified when Pd and Ni catalysts were demonstrated to cleave the strong C–O bond present in esters via oxidative addition. When simple methyl and ethyl esters are used, this transformation provides a powerful alternative to classical amide bond formations, which commonly feature stoichiometric activating agents. Thus far, few redox-active catalysts have been demonstrated to activate the C(acyl)–O bond of alkyl esters, which makes it difficult to perform informed screening when a challenging reaction needs optimization. We demonstrate that Ni catalysts bearing diverse NHC, phosphine, and nitrogen-containing ligands can all be used to activate methyl esters and enable their use in direct amide bond formation.
Making replacements for the human body similar to natural tissue offers significant advantages but remains a key challenge. This is pertinent for synthetic dental materials, which rarely reproduce ...the actual properties of human teeth and generally demonstrate relatively poor damage tolerance. Here new bioinspired ceramic–polymer composites with nacre‐mimetic lamellar and brick‐and‐mortar architectures are reported, which resemble, respectively, human dentin and enamel in hardness, stiffness, and strength and exhibit exceptional fracture toughness. These composites are additionally distinguished by outstanding machinability, energy‐dissipating capability under cyclic loading, and diminished abrasion to antagonist teeth. The underlying design principles and toughening mechanisms of these materials are elucidated in terms of their distinct architectures. It is demonstrated that these composites are promising candidates for dental applications, such as new‐generation tooth replacements. Finally, it is believed that this notion of bioinspired design of new materials with unprecedented biologically comparable properties can be extended to a wide range of material systems for improved mechanical performance.
New nature‐inspired composites are developed for dental applications. These composites are similar to human teeth in terms of hardness, stiffness, and strength, and are extremely damage tolerant. They can also effectively alleviate the abrasion to opposing teeth and display outstanding machinability. These properties are unprecedented in current dental materials and thereby make the composites promising as new‐generation tooth replacements.
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is caused by severe deficiency of ADAMTS13 (A13), a plasma metalloprotease that cleaves endothelium-derived von Willebrand factor (VWF). However, severe A13 ...deficiency alone is often not sufficient to cause an acute TTP; additional factors may be required to trigger the disease. Using CRISPR/Cas9, we created and characterized several novel zebrafish lines carrying a null mutation in
,
, and both. We further used these zebrafish lines to test the hypothesis that inflammation that results in neutrophil activation and release of histone/DNA complexes may trigger TTP. As shown,
zebrafish exhibit increased levels of plasma VWF antigen, multimer size, and ability of thrombocytes to adhere to a fibrillar collagen-coated surface under flow. The
zebrafish also show an increased rate of occlusive thrombus formation in the caudal venules after FeCl
injury. More interestingly,
zebrafish exhibit ~30% reduction in the number of total, immature, and mature thrombocytes with increased fragmentation of erythrocytes. Administration of a lysine-rich histone results in more severe and persistent thrombocytopenia and a significantly increased mortality rate in
zebrafish than in wildtype (
) ones. However, both spontaneous and histone-induced TTP in
zebrafish are rescued by the deletion of
These results demonstrate a potentially mechanistic link between inflammation and the onset of TTP in light of severe A13 deficiency; the novel zebrafish models of TTP may help accelerate our understanding of pathogenic mechanisms and the discoveries of novel therapeutics for TTP and perhaps other arterial thrombotic disorders.
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