Abstract
Objective
This study aimed to explore the fluctuations and clinical relevance of serum thyrotropin (TSH), free triiodothyronine (FT3), and free thyroxine (FT4) levels in infants undergoing ...surgical correction for congenital heart disease (CHD) using cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).
Methods
In a retrospective design, 58 infants who underwent CHD surgical correction under CPB between January 2021 and January 2022 at our institution were incorporated. These infants were categorized into two groups: simple CHD (n = 34) and complex CHD (n = 24). TSH, FT3, and FT4 serum concentrations were assessed at four intervals: 24 h pre-surgery (T0) and 24 h (T1), 48 h (T2), and 72 h (T3) post-surgery.
Results
The simple CHD group displayed a significantly reduced CPB duration compared to the complex CHD group (P < 0.001). Both groups exhibited a notable decline in serum thyroid hormone concentrations at T1 compared to T0. However, from T1 to T3, an upward trend in hormone levels was observed. By T3, though the levels in both groups had risen notably from T1, they remained significantly diminished from T0 (P < 0.01). In both the simple and complex CHD cohorts, significant fluctuations in thyroid hormone levels (TSH, FT3, FT4) were noted across the different timepoints (T0, T1, T3) (P < 0.01). While no significant disparities were found between the two groups’ hormone concentrations at T0 and T1 (P > 0.05), at T2 and T3, the simple CHD group manifested higher TSH, FT3, and FT4 levels compared to the complex CHD group (P < 0.05).
Conclusions
Infants undergoing CHD surgical correction under CPB experience significant declines in TSH, FT3, and FT4 serum levels. The post-surgery thyroid hormone recovery was more pronounced in infants with simple CHD compared to those with complex CHD. As such, vigilant monitoring of thyroid hormone levels during the perioperative phase is imperative, and timely intervention measures should be employed when necessary.
Poly(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA) with a β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) at the chain end was synthesized via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP); poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) with a ...−CC– segment and an adamantane (Ada) group at two ends, respectively, was prepared through ring-opening polymerization (ROP), and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) with a −S–C(S)–S– segment, which can be converted into a thiol group, was yielded by reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (RAFT). A supramolecular triblock stimuli-responsive copolymer PNIPAM-b-PCL-b-PDMAEMA having good biocompatibility with PNIPAM and PDMAEMA hydrophilic segments and PCL hydrophobic segment was constructed by thiol–ene Michael addition and host–guest interaction. The triblock copolymer could self-assemble into vesicles and respond to carbon dioxide (CO2) gas and temperature reversibly. Under the stimulation of CO2, the vesicular assemblies swelled obviously; while raising the temperature from 25 to 40 °C, the assemblies displayed a conversion between vesicles and spherical micelles.
We have previously shown that excessive activation of macrophage proinflammatory activity plays a key role in TCE-induced immune liver injury, but the mechanism of polarization is unclear. Recent ...studies have shown that TLR9 activation plays an important regulatory role in macrophage polarization. In the present study, we demonstrated that elevated levels of oxidative stress in hepatocytes mediate the release of mtDNA into the bloodstream, leading to the activation of TLR9 in macrophages to regulate macrophage polarization. In vivo experiments revealed that pretreatment with SS-31, a mitochondria-targeting antioxidant peptide, reduced the level of oxidative stress in hepatocytes, leading to a decrease in mtDNA release. Importantly, SS-31 pretreatment inhibited TLR9 activation in macrophages, suggesting that hepatocyte mtDNA may activate TLR9 in macrophages. Further studies revealed that pharmacological inhibition of TLR9 by ODN2088 partially blocked macrophage activation, suggesting that the level of macrophage activation is dependent on TLR9 activation. In vitro experiments involving the extraction of mtDNA from TCE-sensitized mice treated with RAW264.7 cells further confirmed that hepatocyte mtDNA can activate TLR9 in mouse peritoneal macrophages, leading to macrophage polarization. In summary, our study comprehensively confirmed that TLR9 activation in macrophages is dependent on mtDNA released by elevated levels of oxidative stress in hepatocytes and that TLR9 activation in macrophages plays a key role in regulating macrophage polarization. These findings reveal the mechanism of macrophage activation in TCE-induced immune liver injury and provide new perspectives and therapeutic targets for the treatment of OMDT-induced immune liver injury.
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•ROS mediate hepatocyte mtDNA release in TCE-induced liver injury.•Hepatocyte mtDNA induces macrophage immune responses.•TLR9 activation by hepatocyte mtDNA promotes macrophage M1-type polarization.
Photoperiod/temperature‐sensitive genic male sterility (P/TGMS) is widely applied for improving crop production. Previous investigations using the reversible male sterile (rvms) mutant showed that ...slow development is a general mechanism for restoring fertility to P/TGMS lines in Arabidopsis. In this work, we isolated a restorer of rvms–2 (res3), as the male sterility of rvms–2 was rescued by res3. Phenotype analysis and molecular cloning show that a point mutation in UPEX1 l in res3 leads to delayed secretion of callase A6 from the tapetum to the locule and tetrad callose wall degradation. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis demonstrated that the tapetal transcription factor ABORTED MICROSPORES directly regulates UPEX1 expression, revealing a pathway for tapetum secretory function. Early degradation of the callose wall in the transgenic line eliminated the fertility restoration effect of res3. The fertility of multiple known P/TGMS lines with pollen wall defects was also restored by res3. We propose that the remnant callose wall may broadly compensate for the pollen wall defects of P/TGMS lines by providing protection for pollen formation. A cellular mechanism is proposed to explain how slow development restores the fertility of P/TGMS lines in Arabidopsis.
During pollen development, a temporary callose wall is essential for normal pollen wall formation and male fertility; delayed degradation of this callose wall facilitates the restoration of fertility in photoperiod/temperaturesensitive genic male sterile Arabidopsis.
New functionalized ionic liquids based on multi-methoxyethyl substituted quaternary ammonium cations and perfluorinated sulfonimide anions are introduced.
New functionalized ionic liquids (ILs), ...comprised of multi-methoxyethyl substituted quaternary ammonium cations (i.e. N(CH
2CH
2OCH
3)
4−
n
(R)
n
+;
n
=
1, R
=
CH
3OCH
2CH
2;
n
=
1, R
=
CH
3, CH
2CH
3;
n
=
2, R
=
CH
3CH
2), and two representative perfluorinated sulfonimide anions (i.e. bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (FSI
−) and bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (TFSI
−)), were prepared. Their fundamental properties, including phase transition, thermal stability, viscosity, density, specific conductivity and electrochemical window, were extensively characterized. These multi-ether functionalized ionic liquids exhibit good capability of dissolving lithium salts. Their binary electrolytes containing high concentration of the corresponding lithium salt (Li
+ >1.6
mol
kg
−1) show Li
+ ion transference number (
t
L
i
+
) as high as 0.6–0.7. Their electrochemical stability allows Li deposition/stripping realized at room temperature. The desired properties of these multi-ether functionalized ionic liquids make them potential electrolytes for Li (or Li-ion) batteries.
We analyze charmless two-body non-leptonic
B
decays
B
→
P
P
,
P
V
under the framework of a factorization-assisted topological-amplitude approach, where
P
(
V
) denotes a light pseudoscalar (vector) ...meson. Compared with the conventional flavor diagram approach, we consider the flavor
SU
(3) breaking effect assisted by a factorization hypothesis for topological diagram amplitudes of different decay modes, factorizing out the corresponding decay constants and form factors. The non-perturbative parameters of topology diagram magnitudes
χ
and the strong phase
ϕ
are universal; they can be extracted by
χ
2
fit from current abundant experimental data of charmless
B
decays. The number of free parameters and the
χ
2
per degree of freedom are both reduced compared with previous analyses. With these best fitted parameters, we predict branching fractions and
CP
asymmetry parameters of nearly 100
B
u
,
d
and
B
s
decay modes. The long-standing
π
π
and
π
K
-
CP
puzzles are solved simultaneously.
Multi-celled concrete filled steel tubular wall (MCFSTW) is an innovative shear wall member which is formed by welding multiple U-shaped cold-form steels together and filled with concrete. The global ...buckling performance of composite walls is of great concern, especially with the increasing wall height in engineering practice. In this research, the global buckling behavior of MCFSTWs with four simply-supported edges is studied. A refined finite element (FE) model was established and validated by comparing it with previous test results. Then, a numerical parametric study was conducted to investigate global buckling behavior influenced by various parameters including: geometrical dimensions, initial imperfection and material strengths. Based on an orthotropic plate model, an analytical study was performed to derive the theoretical formulas for predicting the elastic buckling loads of MCFSTWs with four simply-supported edges. According to FE eigenvalue buckling analysis results, the obtained theoretical formulas were further modified to fit well with the FE results, thus providing better predictions of the elastic buckling loads of MCFSTWs. Finally, a design curve in a form of φ -λn relationship was proposed on the basis of the results obtained from numerous FE models with an imperfection amplitude of w0 = a/500. The design curve is capable of conservatively predicting the ultimate resistance under axial compressive load, thus it could provide valuable references for designing MCFSTWs with four simply-supported edges.
•Global buckling behavior of MCFSTWs with four simply-supported edges is studied.•Refined FE model is established and validated against tests.•Parametric study is conducted and b/h < 40 is required to prevent global buckling.•Analytical study is performed to derive the elastic buckling formulas of orthotropic plates.•A φ-λn design curve is proposed for designing MCFSTWs subjected to global buckling failure.
With the extensive application of doxorubicin (DOX), DOX resistance has become one of the main obstacles to the effective treatment of breast cancer. In this paper, DOX and resveratrol (RES) were ...co-encapsulated in a modified PLGA nanoparticle (NPS) to overcome the DOX resistance. CLSM results indicated that DOX and RES were simultaneously delivered into the nucleus of DOX-resistant human breast cancer cells by DOX/RES-loaded NPS. Consequently, DOX/RES-loaded NPS showed significant cytotoxicity on MDA-MB-231/ADR cells and MCF-7/ADR cells. Furthermore, DOX/RES-loaded NPS could overcome DOX resistance by inhibiting the expression of drug resistance-related protein such as P-gp, MRP-1 and BCRP, and induce apoptosis through down-regulating the expression of NF-κB and BCL-2. In tumor-bearing mice, DOX/RES-loaded NPS mainly delivered DOX and RES to tumor tissue. Compared with free DOX, DOX/RES-loaded NPS significantly inhibited the DOX-resistant tumor growth in tumor-bearing mice without causing significant systemic toxicity. In a word, DOX/RES-loaded NPS could overcome the DOX resistance and had the potential in the treatment of DOX-resistant breast cancer.
Summary
In rice breeding, thermosensitive genic male sterility (TGMS) lines based on the tms5 locus have been extensively employed. Here, we reported a novel rice TGMS line ostms15 (Oryza sativa ssp. ...japonica ZH11) which show male sterility under high temperature and fertility under low temperature. Field evaluation from 2018 to 2021 revealed that its sterility under high temperature is more stable than that of tms5 (ZH11), even with occasional low temperature periods, indicating its considerable value for rice breeding. OsTMS15 encodes an LRR‐RLK protein MULTIPLE SPOROCYTE1 (MSP1) which was reported to interact with its ligand to initiate tapetum development for pollen formation. In ostms15, a point mutation from GTA (Val) to GAA (Glu) in its TIR motif of the LRR region led to the TGMS phenotype. Cellular observation and gene expression analysis showed that the tapetum is still present in ostms15, while its function was substantially impaired under high temperature. However, its tapetum function was restored under low temperature. The interaction between mOsTMS15 and its ligand was reduced while this interaction was partially restored under low temperature. Slow development was reported to be a general mechanism of P/TGMS fertility restoration. We propose that the recovered protein interaction together with slow development under low temperature compensates for the defective tapetum initiation, which further restores ostms15 fertility. We used base editing to create a number of TGMS lines with different base substitutions based on the OsTMS15 locus. This work may also facilitate the mechanistic investigation and breeding of other crops.
Introduction: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has a high mortality rate, with curative resection being the primary treatment. However, HCC patients have a large possibility of recurrence within 5 ...years after curative resection.
Method: Thus, identifying biomarkers to predict recurrence is crucial. In our study, we analyzed data from CCLE, GEO, and TCGA, identifying eight oncogenes associated with HCC. Subsequently, the expression of 8 genes was tested in 5 cases of tumor tissues and the adjacent non-tumor tissues. Then ATP6AP1, PSMD14 and HSP90AB1 were selected to verify the expression in 63 cases of tumor tissues and the adjacent non-tumor tissues. The results showed that ATP6AP1 , PSMD14, HSP90AB1 were generally highly expressed in tumor tissues. A five-year follow-up of the 63 clinical cases, combined with Kaplan-Meier Plotter's relapse-free survival (RFS) analysis, found a significant correlation between PSMD14 expression and recurrence in HCC patients. Subsequently, we analyzed the PSMD14 mutations and found that the PSMD14 gene mutations can lead to a shorter disease-free survival time for HCC patients.
Results: The results of enrichment analysis indicated that the differentially expressed genes related to PSMD14 are mainly enriched in the signal release pathway.
Conclusion: In conclusion, our research showed that PSMD14 might be related to recurrence in HCC patients, and the expression of PSMD14 in tumor tissue might be a potential prognostic biomarker after tumor resection in HCC patients.
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