Purpose Tension pneumomediastinum is a rare and dangerous complication in children that can be fatal, and timely detection and treatment are critical. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety ...and feasibility of computed tomography (CT) imaging-guided parasternal approach drainage for tension pneumomediastinum in children. Methods From June 2018 to February 2023, we consecutively enrolled 19 children with tension pneumomediastinum in our institution. A pigtail catheter was inserted into the anterior mediastinum by a CT imaging-guided parasternal approach. The catheter was connected to a negative-pressure water seal bottle to drain the pneumomediastinum. Clinical data and outcomes were summarized. Results The mean age was 3.1 + or - 3.4 years, the mean weight was 15 + or - 9.1 kg, the mean procedure time was 11.8 + or - 2.4 min, and the drainage time was 6.7 + or - 3.4 days. No major complications were identified, such as haemothorax, catheter displacement, or mediastinal infection. Effective drainage was obtained in all patients as assessed by comparing images and ventilatory parameters, and no additional surgical treatment was needed. There was no recurrence during the follow-up, which was more than 2 months. In our data, two children with COVID-19 were discharged from the hospital after effective drainage and other clinical treatment. Conclusion CT-guided parasternal approach drainage is safe, minimally invasive, and effective for children with tension pneumomediastinum. Keywords: Computed tomography guided, Parasternal approach drainage, Tension pneumomediastinum, Pigtail catheter, COVID-19, Children
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•Salidroside, arbutin, rhodiosin and kaempferol were identified from R. rosea.•The four compounds showed high antioxidant activities and kaempferol was the best.•The four compounds ...exhibited differential effects on proinflammatory cytokines production.•Kaempferol exhibited the best cytokines inhibitory potency.
Rhodiola crenulata has recently been reported to be able to attenuate radiation induced oxidative injury and improve skin homeostasis. The purpose of this research is to identify and evaluate the active constituents responsible for its anti-photoaging effects. Four ingredients, Salidroside, Arbutin, Kaempferol and Rhodiolinin were purified form R. crenulata and their antioxidant effects were tested. Further, the protective effects of the four compounds against UVB irradiation on HSF and HaCaT cells were determined and the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α were analyzed by the ELISA kits. Results showed that the four compounds could effectively improve UVB irradiation-induced cell apoptosis and regulate the production of inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α. Kaempferol and arbutin exerted more powerful repairing capacities and played more significant role in reversing the abnormity of cytokines secretion in cell supernatant, indicating that the two compounds may be the more effective ingredients from R. crenulata to exert anti-photoaging function.
To prepare pH-sensitive nanoparticle composed of alendronate (ALN) and poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) to treat bone metastases of lung cancer.
The solvent evaporation method was used to prepare docetaxel ...(DTX)-loaded ALN-PAMAM nanoparticles (DTX@ALN-PAMAM).
The
results showed DTX@ALN-PAMAM significantly enhanced the anticancer activity of DTX and inhibited the formation of osteoclasts. DTX@ALN-PAMAM concentrated at bone metastasis site in mice, which resulted in the suppression of bone resorption, pain response and growth of bone metastases. Eventually, the therapeutic effect of DTX on bone metastases of lung cancer was obviously improved.
ALN modified PAMAM nanoparticle could be an effective platform for the treatment of bone metastases of lung cancer.
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•Catalytic effect of boron powder mainly exerts on latter stages for 5AT pyrolysis.•Solution recrystallization method has better modification effect for 5AT pyrolysis.•Copper powder ...can optimize the pyrolysis behaviors for 5AT pyrolysis.•Kinetic models for 5AT in each stage have been deduced by model-fitting method.
As a novel rich nitrogen content material, 5-Amino-1H-Tetrazole (5AT) has been considerably popularized in the propellants area recently. The pyrolysis is deemed as the prelude of combustion for solid phase 5AT, which plays a crucial role in combustion process and grasping the pyrolysis characteristics will be more beneficial to further explore the combustion properties of 5AT-based propellant. In this paper, several efforts have been made to enhance the pyrolysis behaviors of 5AT, including employing metal particles as catalysts, and modifying the surface treatment method. Due to the calorific value, the boron and copper powder are selected as the potential catalysts. The solvent/non-solvent (S/NS) and solution recrystallization method are compared to explore the impact of these two modification methods. TG-FTIR technique is applied to capture evolved signals of organic compounds to further deduce the most probable decomposition pathway. Moreover, model-free and model-fitting methods are both employed to calculate the kinetic parameters. The results reveal that, for the modified 5AT samples with the same boron powder catalyst, the activation energies and reaction model (all governed by F4) in the initial stage (100–330 °C) are not significantly impacted by these two modification methods. However, during the latter stages (400–750 °C), the catalytic actions of boron powder appear to be more active, and solution recrystallization method exerts better modification effect, the activation energies was reduced 18.3 kJ/mol and 10.9 kJ/mol respectively for the latter stages compared to S/SN method. Also, the reaction model is transformed from nth-dimensional model (D3) to nth-order model (F1) in the third stage. Particularly, the catalytic actions of copper powder results in the simplification of decomposition steps for 5AT, the activation energies was 138.8 kJ/mol and the catalytic effect of which was improved about 25% compared to the catalytic effect of boron powder in the first stage and its reaction model is also found to be changed into F3. It illustrates that copper powder could embody a better catalytic effect than boron powder under the same modification method. The conclusions of this study could provide a worthwhile guidance for the understanding, designs and applications of the 5AT-based propellants.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is known for its high mortality rate worldwide. Based on intensive studies, microRNA (miRNA) expression functions in tumor suppression. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate ...the contribution of miR-146a-5p to radiosensitivity in HCC through the activation of the DNA damage repair pathway by binding to replication protein A3 (RPA3). First, the limma package of R was performed to differentially analyze HCC expression chip, and regulative miRNA of RPA3 was predicted. Expression of miR-146a-5p, RPA3, and DNA damage repair pathway-related factors in tissues and cells was determined. The effects of radiotherapy on the expression of miR-146a-5p and RPA3 as well as on cell radiosensitivity, proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis were also assessed. The results showed that there exists a close correlation between miR-146a and the radiotherapy effect on HCC progression through regulation of RPA3 and the DNA repair pathway. The positive rate of ATM, pCHK2, and Rad51 in HCC tissues was higher when compared with that of the paracancerous tissues. SMMC-7721 and HepG2 cell proliferation were significantly inhibited following 8 Gy 6Mv dose. MiR-146a-5p restrained the expression of RPA3 and promoted the expression of relative genes associated with the DNA repair pathway. In addition, miR-146a-5p overexpression suppresses cell proliferation and enhances radiosensitivity and cell apoptosis in HCC cells. In conclusion, the present study revealed that miR-146a-5p could lead to the restriction of proliferation and the promotion of radiosensitivity and apoptosis in HCC cells through activation of DNA repair pathway and inhibition of RPA3.
Obesity is a complicated metabolic disease characterized by meta-inflammation in adipose tissues. In this study, we explored the roles of a new long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), HEM2ATM, which is highly ...expressed in adipose tissue M2 macrophages, in modulating obesity-associated meta-inflammation and insulin resistance. HEM2ATM expression decreased significantly in adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) obtained from epididymal adipose tissues of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. Overexpression of macrophage HEM2ATM improved meta-inflammation and insulin resistance in the adipose tissues of HFD-fed mice. Functionally, HEM2ATM negatively regulated the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in macrophages. Mechanistically, HEM2ATM bound to heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein U (hnRNP U), suppressed hnRNP U translocation from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, hindered the function of cytoplasmic hnRNP U on TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA stabilization, and decreased the secretion of TNF-α and IL-6. Collectively, HEM2ATM is a novel suppressor of obesity-associated meta-inflammation and insulin resistance.
A
bstract
Motivated by a dynamical enhancement of the electromagnetic corrections by a power of Λ
QCD
/
m
b
in
B
d
,
s
→ μ
+
μ
−
at next-to-leading order (NLO), we extend the QED factorization ...effects on the leptonic
B
meson decays with light muon leptons to tauonic final states,
B
d
,
s
→ τ
+
τ
−
, using soft-collinear effective theory (SCET). This extension is necessary owing to the appearance of the large
τ
mass, which will lead to different power counting in SCET and also different results. We provide a complete NLO electromagnetic corrections to
B
d,s
→ τ
+
τ
−
, which include hard functions and hard-collinear functions below the bottom quark mass scale
μ
b
. The power enhanced electromagnetic effects from hard-collinear contributions on
B
d,s
→ μ
+
μ
−
discussed before also exist in
B
d,s
→ τ
+
τ
−
. However the logarithm term arising from contributions of hard-collinear photon and lepton virtualities for
B
d,s
→ τ
+
τ
−
is not large as it is in muon case due to the hard-collinear scale of
τ
mass, which lead to only approximately 0
.
04% QED corrections to the branching fraction of
B
d,s
→ τ
+
τ
−
compared with overall reduction about 0
.
5% in
B
d,s
→ μ
+
μ
−
.
Prostate cancer is the most common malignant tumor with bone metastasis, and there is still no ideal treatment for bone metastasis of prostate cancer. In this study, a pH and GSH dual sensitive ...calcium phosphate-polymer hybrid nanoparticle (DTX@Cap/HP) was prepared to co-deliver zoledronate (ZOL) and docetaxel (DTX) to treat bone metastasis of prostate cancer. DTX@Cap/HP exhibited high bone binding affinity and released more DTX and ZOL in acidic and high GSH concentration environment. A large amount of DTX@Cap/HP was uptaken by PC-3 cell in acidic medium than that in neutral medium. DTX@Cap/HP obviously reduced PC-3 cell proliferation and bone lesion in in-vitro 3D model of bone metastases of prostate cancer. Besides, DTX@Cap/HP also exhibited stronger anti bone metastases of prostate cancer activity in vivo as compared with the same dose of DTX + ZOL, which resulted from the co-delivery of DTX and ZOL to bone metastases of prostate cancer by DTX@Cap/HP and the synergistic effects of DTX and ZOL. DTX@Cap/HP has great potential in the treatment of bone metastases of prostate cancer.
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has been increasingly used for severe neonatal respiratory failure refractory to conventional treatments. This paper summarizes our operation experience of ...neonatal ECMO via cannulation of the internal jugular vein and carotid artery.
The clinical data of 12 neonates with severe respiratory failure who underwent ECMO via the internal jugular vein and carotid artery in our hospital from January 2021 to October 2022 were collected.
All neonates were successfully operated on. The size of arterial intubation was 8 F, and the size of venous intubation was 10 F. The operation time was 29 (22-40) minutes. ECMO was successfully removed in 8 neonates. Surgeons successfully reconstructed the internal jugular vein and carotid artery of these neonates. Arterial blood flow was unobstructed in 5 patients, mild stenosis was present in 2 patients, and moderate stenosis was present in 1 patient. Venous blood flow was unobstructed in 6 patients, mild stenosis was present in 1 patient, and moderate stenosis was present in 1 patient. The complications were as follows: 1 case had poor neck incision healing after ECMO removal. No complications, such as incisional bleeding, incisional infection, catheter-related blood infection, cannulation accidentally pulling away, vascular laceration, thrombosis, cerebral haemorrhage, cerebral infarction, or haemolysis, occurred in any of the patients.
Cannulation of the internal jugular vein and carotid artery can quickly establish effective ECMO access for neonates with severe respiratory failure. Careful, skilled and delicate operation was essential. In addition, during the cannulation process, we should pay special attention to the position of cannulation, firm fixation and strict aseptic operation.
In the past 70 years, over 8 billion tons of plastics have been produced, the majority of which cannot be fully biodegraded, causing their fragments to be found everywhere in the biosphere, including ...living organisms. Herein, a group of biodegradable composites were produced by blending poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) with technical lignin through a twin-screw extrusion method. Two strategies were developed to improve the mechanical properties of PBAT/lignin composites: (1) modifying lignin via methylation to reduce hydrogen bonding between −OH groups and (2) enhancing the intermolecular interactions between PBAT and lignin by adding maleic anhydride-graft-PBAT as a compatibilizer. The composites obtained from the two strategies with 60 wt % lignin contents exhibited ideal tensile performance which could meet the requirement of the Chinese National Standard for packaging. The interactions between different composite components were investigated by morphological and thermal analyses. The results showed that when lignin is used as filler in the composites, the molecular mobility of lignin and the size of its agglomerates remarkably impacted the ductility and mechanical strength of the PBAT/lignin films. A simple cost comparison between neat PBAT film and PBAT/lignin composite films indicated that the latter was economically competitive, and the production costs could significantly reduce by 36%.
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