Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been identified as essential mediators in neurological dysfunction. Our previous study shows that berberine (BBR) hampers the nuclear-to-cytosolic translocation of ...high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in the process of poststroke inflammation. In this study, we explored the role of lncRNA metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (Malat1) in the process of BBR-induced inhibition of HMGB1 in ischemic brain. Before the 60-min MCAO surgery, the mice were pretreated with BBR (50 mg· kg
per day, ig) for 14 days or ICV injected with specific lentiviral vector or shRNA. We showed that MCAO caused marked increase in the expression Malat1 and HMGB1 in the ipsilateral cortex, which was significantly attenuated by pretreatment with BBR. Knockdown of Malat1 attenuated the inflammatory injury after brain ischemia, whereas overexpression of Malat1 exacerbated ischemic brain inflammation. Overexpression of Malat1 also reversed BBR-induced reduction of HMGB1 and proinflammatory cytokines. The above results suggested a potential correlation between Malat1 and stroke inflammation. Based on informatics analysis we predicted that HMGB1 was a direct downstream target of miR-181c-5p, whereas Malat1 acted as a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) for miR-181c-5p targeted the 3'-UTR of HMGB1 to promote inflammation after ischemic stroke. Knockdown of Malat1 significantly decreased HMGB1 level, which could be abrogated by transfection with miR-181c-5p inhibitors. Taken together, our results demonstrate for the first time that Malat1/miR-181c-5p/HMGB1 axis may be a key pathway of BBR-induced antiinflammation effects in stroke, and they may provide a novel avenue for targeted therapy.
Inflammatory damage plays an important role in cerebral ischemic pathogenesis and represents a new target for treatment of stroke. Berberine is a natural medicine with multiple beneficial biological ...activities. In this study, we explored the mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective action of berberine in mice subjected transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO). Male mice were administered berberine (25, 50 mg/kg/d, intragastric; i.g.), glycyrrhizin (50 mg/kg/d, intraperitoneal), or berberine (50 mg/kg/d, i.g.) plus glycyrrhizin (50 mg/kg/d, intraperitoneal) for 14 consecutive days before tMCAO. The neurological deficit scores were evaluated at 24 h after tMCAO, and then the mice were killed to obtain the brain samples. We showed that pretreatment with berberine dose-dependently decreased the infarct size, neurological deficits, hispathological changes, brain edema, and inflammatory mediators in serum and ischemic cortical tissue. We revealed that pretreatment with berberine significantly enhanced uptake of
F-fluorodeoxyglucose of ischemic hemisphere comparing with the vehicle group at 24 h after stroke. Furthermore, pretreatment with berberine dose-dependently suppressed the nuclear-to cytosolic translocation of high-mobility group box1 (HMGB1) protein, the cytosolic-to nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and decreased the expression of TLR4 in ischemic cortical tissue. Moreover, co-administration of glycyrrhizin and berberine exerted more potent suppression on the HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB pathway than berberine or glycyrrhizin administered alone. These results demonstrate that berberine protects the brain from ischemia-reperfusion injury and the mechanism may rely on its anti-inflammatory effects mediated by suppressing the activation of HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB signaling.
A red-emitting phosphor-in-glass (PiG) material was synthesized by dispersing CaAlSiN3:Eu2+ phosphor powders in a ZnO-B2O3-BaO-Al2O3 glass matrix. A fully densified translucent CaAlSiN3:Eu2+ PiG ...material was achieved at 650 °C for 40 min with an external quantum efficiency (QE) of 43%, transmittance of 30% at 640 nm and thermal conductivity of 1.12 Wm−1K−1. The CaAlSiN3:Eu2+ particles were distributed in the glass matrix uniformly, and no serious interfacial reactions occurred between the glass matrix and the contained phosphor particles. Under the excitation of blue laser, the maximum luminous flux of CaAlSiN3:Eu2+ PiG sample is 39 lm at the laser flux density of 0.5 W/mm2. Although luminous saturation was observed at high laser incident density, the PiG material would be a promising red color converter for use in white lighting sources pumped by blue laser diodes.
Red-emitting phosphor-in-glass (PiG) material, where CaAlSiN3:Eu2+ phosphor powders are uniformly distributed in a ZnO-B2O3-BaO-Al2O3 glass matrix, as a promising red color converter for laser lighting and display technologies. Display omitted
•CaAlSiN3:Eu2+ PiG is prepared and discussed for laser lighting technology.•Optical properties of achieved PiG under the blue laser irradiation are clarified.•PiG shows suitability as a red color converter in low incident laser power range.
Solid state laser lighting is a newly emerging technology that combines a blue laser diode (LD) with a yellow-emitting phosphor converter to generate high-brightness white light. Due to high flux ...irradiation as well as thermal attack from the incident laser, this technology draws a demanding requirement on the thermal performance of the color converter. In this work, we design a Al2O3-YAG:Ce phosphor ceramic with a unique composite structure, where yellow-emitting YAG:Ce particles are embedded in a non-luminescent Al2O3 matrix having high thermal conductivity. The large YAG:Ce particles (5-20 mu m) show good crystallinity and a high external quantum efficiency of 76% (upon 460 nm excitation) while the fine Al2O3 grains (0.5-2 mu m) contribute to the superior in-line transmittance of 55% at 800 nm by minimizing the birefringence related scattering. The phosphor ceramic exhibits a high thermal conductivity of 18.5 W m-1 K-1 and a remarkable improvement in thermal stability (only an 8% reduction at 200 degree C). When irradiated under 445 nm blue laser diodes, the phosphor ceramic shows no luminescence saturation even under a high power density of 50 W mm-2, validating its suitability for high-power solid state laser lighting.
Abstract
Objective
To observe the effect of niacinamide‐containing body emollients combined with a cleansing gel on the clinical symptoms of mild atopic dermatitis (AD) in adults.
Methods
From July ...2022 to January 2023, adults with mild AD were enrolled at Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University using single‐center, randomized and placebo‐controlled methods. They were divided into three groups: the control group, treatment group 1 (T1) receiving niacinamide‐containing body emollients alone, and treatment group 2 (T2) receiving emollients plus niacinamide‐containing cleansing gel. All patients were orally administered 10 mg of ebastine tablets daily. AD severity (SCORAD score), peak pruritus numeric rating scale (PP‐NRS), patient‐oriented measure of eczema (POEM), dermatological quality of life index (DLQI) score, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), and stratum corneum water content (SCWC) were measured by the same dermatologist at days 0, 7, 14, and 28.
Results
A total of 122 patients were enrolled, including 38 in the control group, 42 in the T1 group and 42 in the T2 group. There were no obvious adverse reactions at the end of the study and the clinical scores and stratum corneum barrier of all the groups improved significantly relative to baseline. The SCORAD, PP‐NRS, DLQI, TEWL and SCWC scores in T1 group (12.43 ± 3, 3.3 ± 0.9, 7.1 ± 2.33, 17.1 ± 9.12, 67.2 ± 21.46, seperately) and T2 group (11.17 ± 3.26, 3 ± 1.3, 6.5 ± 2.11, 16.3 ± 9.12, 69.4 ± 24.52, seperately) were significantly improved than the control group(15.1 ± 3.64, 4.3 ± 1.7, 9.5 ± 2.46, 21.2 ± 9.47, 52.7 ± 22.43, seperately) at the endpoint of the study, while compared the POEM scores, only T2 group showed the difference with control group (5.2 ± 1.4 vs. 6 ± 1.6). The epidermal barrier parameters of TEWL and SCWC in the T2 group (17.57 ± 5.24, 66.46 ± 21.38, seperately) were significantly better than that of the T1 (19.96 ± 4.45, 56.45 ± 20.48, seperately) and control group(21.89 ± 7.03, 51.56 ± 16.58, seperately) on the 14th day of follow‐up.
Conclusion
The use of niacinamide‐containing body emollients can significantly improve the clinical symptoms, quality of life, and skin barrier function in patients with mild AD. The addition of niacinamide‐containing cleansing gel can also affect the clinical efficacy at certain time points.
As is well known, the vortex beams have significant potential applications in both quantum and classical communication systems. In this paper, we study the existence and robustness to propagation of ...families of multi-vortex waveforms, namely multi-vortex optical beams in nonlinear self-focusing cubic (Kerr) media with harmonic potential wells. The intensity patterns, phase structures, transverse energy flow, and gradient forces (upon micro-particles) of those multi-vortex beams are presented and we found that they are all different from those of the ordinary vortex beams. The evolution during propagation of the intensities and widths of the multi-vortex beams is investigated in detail. The obtained results show that the one-vortex beams have asymmetric patterns and spiral propagation trajectories, depending on the off-axis parameter of the vortices. The two-vortex beams and the higher than two-vortex waveforms have symmetric patterns, which rotate during propagation, and the rotation direction can be controlled by the sign of the topological charge.
•In the paper, the delayed-feedback control method is applied for lattice hydrodynamic model of traffic flow, and there are little references to this topic.•The linear stability condition with and ...without control signal are derived through linear and nonlinear analysis.•The traffic congested can be suppressed efficiently by considering the control signal according to numerical simulation.
The delayed-feedback control method is applied for lattice hydrodynamic model of traffic flow. The linear stability condition with and without control signal are derived through linear and nonlinear analysis. Numerical simulation is carried out and the results confirm that the traffic congested can be suppressed efficiently by considering the control signal.
Luminescent materials play an important role in making solid state white light-emitting diodes (w-LEDs) more affordable home lighting applications. To realize the next generation of solid-state ...w-LEDs with high color-rendering index (CRI), the discovery of broad band and long emission wavelength luminescent materials is an urgent mission. Regarding this, the oxonitridosilicate Y3Si5N9O with a high nitrogen concentration should be a suitable host material to achieve those promising luminescent properties. In this work, a phase-pure Ce3+-doped Y3Si5N9O was successfully synthesized through the carbothermal reduction and nitridation method. Y3Si5N9O:Ce3+ shows an emission maximum at 620 nm and an extremely broad emission band with a full-width at half-maximum (fwhm) of 178 nm. The electronic and crystal structure calculations indicate an indirect band gap of 2.6 eV (experimental value: 4.0 eV), and identify two Ce3+ sites with different local environments that determine the luminescence properties. The orange-emitting phosphor has the absorption, internal and external quantum efficiencies of 89.5, 17.2, and 15.6% under 450 nm excitation, respectively. The valence state of Ce, cathodoluminescence, decay time, and thermal quenching of the phosphor were also investigated to understand the structure–property relationships.
Developing multipurpose agricultural chemicals is appealing in crop protection, thus eventually realizing the reduction and efficient usage of pesticides. Herein, an array of versatile pyrazole ...hydrazide derivatives bearing a 1,3,4-oxadiazole core were initially synthesized and biologically evaluated the antifungal, antioomycetes, and antibacterial activities. In addition, the pyrazole ring was replaced by the correlative pyrrole, thiazole, and indole scaffolds to extend the molecular diversity. The results showed that most of these hybrid compounds were empowered with multifunctional bioactivities, which are exemplified by compounds a1–a6, b1–b3, b7, b10, b13, and b18. For the antifungal activity, the minimal EC50 values could afford 0.47 (a2), 1.05 (a2), 0.65 (a1), and 1.32 μg/mL (b3) against the corresponding fungi Gibberella zeae (G. z.), Fusarium oxysporum, Botryosphaeria dothidea, and Rhizoctonia solani. In vivo pot experiments against corn scab (caused by G. z.) revealed that the compound a2 was effective with protective and curative activities of 90.2 and 86.3% at 200 μg/mL, which was comparable to those of fungicides boscalid and fluopyram. Further molecular docking study and enzymatic activity analysis (IC50 = 3.21 μM, a2) indicated that target compounds were promising succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors. Additionally, compounds b2 and a4 yielded superior anti-oomycete and antibacterial activities toward Phytophora infestins and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae with EC50 values of 2.92 and 8.43 μg/mL, respectively. In vivo trials against rice bacterial blight provided the control efficiency within 51.2–55.3% (a4) at 200 μg/mL, which were better than that of bismerthiazol. Given their multipurpose characteristics, these structures should be positively explored as agricultural chemicals.
Abstract We report first-time reverberation-mapping results for 14 active galactic nuclei (AGNs) from the ongoing Monitoring AGNs with H β Asymmetry campaign (MAHA). These results utilize optical ...spectra obtained with the Long Slit Spectrograph on the Wyoming Infrared 2.3 m Telescope between 2017 November and 2023 May. MAHA combines long-duration monitoring with high cadence. We report results from multiple observing seasons for nine of the 14 objects. These results include H β time lags, supermassive black hole masses, and velocity-resolved time lags. The velocity-resolved lags allow us to investigate the kinematics of the broad-line region.
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