Vaclav Trnka from Křovice (1739-1791, in Latin: Wenzel Trnka Krzowitz) was a remarkable physician whose life serves as an example in the history of medicine by connecting major capital cities of ...Central Europe. In view of current geographical layout, he was born and brought up in the Czech Republic, graduated from University of Vienna in Austria, and was appointed Professor of the Anatomy at the newly established Faculty of Medicine of University of Nagyszombat, presently Trnava in Slovak Republic. When the University moved to Buda and later to Pest (today Budapest, Hungary), he was the first educator to introduce anatomy as a medical subject to be taught in a Hungarian medical school. He also was elected the Dean of Faculty of Medicine three times and in 1786-1787 he acted as Rector of then the Royal University of Pest. During his life, he published twenty-seven monographs dealing with different areas of clinical medicine, such as malaria (intermittent fever), diabetes, and rickets. Based on these monographs we can proclaim that Václav Trnka was a co-founder of modern infectology, diabetology and ophthalmology in Central Europe. Nowadays, artificial intelligence and bioinformatics are inseparable parts of modern health care system which help the transformation of big data into valuable knowledge. In the 18th century, Professor Trnka owned more than 3,000 scientific books and had natural, innate intelligence and wisdom which made him a real "medical polymath". As a musician, Trnka also composed sixty-one canons, two of them long wrongly considered as Mozart's work. Despite the fact that Trnka is considered to be the founder of Hungarian anatomy education and a major medical figure of the eighteenth century Central Europe, no internationally acclaimed biographical record of his life or work has so far been published in English. Therefore, we would like to reintroduce Václav Trnka both as an anatomist and medical polymath, and to give an overview of the early days of anatomy teaching in present-day Slovakia and Hungary (Fig. 1, Ref. 27). Keywords: Trnka from Křovice, anatomist, medical polymath, history of medicine.
Bored clasts occur in Eocene conglomerates deposited in the upper shoreface and beachface settings of the Dinaric foreland basin. The trace fossil assemblage consists ofGastrochaenolites, Trypanites, ...and possibly some other ichnotaxa and may be compared to theTrypanites Ichnofacies. The preservation characteristics of the borings reflect many stages of colonisation/boring and abrasion. The removal of shells of the boring bivalves, the different depths of the abrasional truncation of borings, and the predominant preservation of the largest excavations (Gastrochaenolites) in the ichnocoenosis are related to repeated phases of abrasion, caused by the mobility of clasts. Coastal gravel is a specific variant of hard substrates, whose mobility controls the colonisation of borers, the type of assemblage and its preservation potential.PUBLICATION ABSTRACT
The Middle Eocene clastic succession in the Radovin Syncline is approximately 900 m thick and consists of hemipelagic and flysch-type deposits in its lower part, and shallow-marine sediments in its ...upper portion. The upper portion embraces a unit of sandstones and conglomerates, which is represented by several facies. Flat- and low-angle laminated, and hummocky cross-stratified sandstones (S1) originated by storm-related processes in the shoreface. Cross-bedded sandstones (S2) reflect longshore, offshore, and onshore flows also in shoreface settings. Flat-laminated sandstones with planar truncations (S3) reflect swash processes. Some sandstones possibly originated in the offshore transition zone. Conglomerate-sandstone couplets (CS) originated by storm-induced flows in the shoreface. Main conglomerates (CM) mostly reflect various processes and modifications performed in upper shoreface and beachfaca settings of a reflective coast. Most Cross-bedded conglomerates (CX) reflect longshore flows and dissipative conditions. There are also conglomerates which have possibly been deposited by gravity flows related to river floods. The shoreline was oriented NW-SE. The architecture of the sandstone-conglomerate unit is thought to result from the interfingering of deltas and nearshore sandy systems. Deltas were of the shelf-type, and were predominantly "wave-dominated". The sediments studied reflect moiasse-type deposition, which was induced by early post-flysch changes in basin evolution and the palaeogeography of the Palaeogene clastic basin in the coastal Dinarides.
The following types of calcified deposits characterize Holocene waterfall tufas in the Zrmanja river: mossy deposits, algally laminatedcrusts and algally coated grains. Petrological examination ...revealed,that abundant organic remains belonging to mosses and algae provide supporting material, over which tufa accretion takes place, leavingwell-defined impressions of the biota. Postgenetic features likemeniscus, isopachous and drusy mosaic calcite spar cementation, aswell as aggradational neomorphism are only rarely present.
The Eocene elastics of the NW part of the island of Pag overlie carbonate platform deposits and are dominantly sandy. Besides minor components, they include cross-laminated and cross-bedded ...sandstones produced by marine tractive flows, mostly directed toward E, and ESE, and dominantly massive sandstones probably deposited by gravity flows. The area was situated close to sand-rich sources and river mouth(s). Possible settings include a delta-related shallow-marine area, and a sea strait. Structural deformation intervened very early in the history of a complex outer dinaric foreland realm and governed its subsequent evolution, In contrast to a simple foreland trough envisaged before.
Pontian deposits of the Zagorje Basin constitute a coarsening-upward succession, which reflects the infilling style of this Pannonian sub-basin, i.e. the progradation of clastic systems into the ...brackish lake. Six facies differentiated correspond to lake floor, channelled slope, distal and proximal pro-delta, distal and proximal mouth bars, and lagoon/bay to swamp and alluvial environments. The deposition in the mouth-bar area was dominated by frictional forces. The upper-stage plane-bed sands are the main mouth-bar facies, which is uncommon in the geological record. The main factors for the origin of such bars include an abundant sand supply by the high-energy fluvial system(s), low-energy of the receiving basin and shallow depositional depth. Prolonged, catastrophic floods generated sustained hyperpycnal flows, which bypassed the mouth-bar area and fed the slope/pro-delta. The high ratio between sediment supply and subsidence rate resulted in a fast moving 'progradational wave', which involved the entire SW Pannonian Basin, including the Zagorje Basin.PUBLICATION ABSTRACT
Dosadašnja istraživanja i shvaćanja, kako o starosti, tako i karakteru slijeda sedimenata fliša Pazinskoga bazena u Istri, upućivala su na ukupnu starost fliša od kasnoga lutecija do starijega ...priabonija. Međutim, nedavno su prikazani podaci, prema kojima jedan dio tih sedimenata odgovara kasnom oligocenu, što je bitna novost za razmatranje razvitka toga bazena, kao i orogena Dinarida. Ovaj rad odgovara na potrebu dodatne provjere starosti tih sedimenata zbog važnosti odnosnoga datiranja. Prikazani rezultati temelje se na usporedbi karaktera i slijeda sedimenata iz predjela odakle potječu nedavni podaci o oligocenu sa sedimentima drugih dijelova Pazinskoga bazena, te na biostratigrafskom datiranju pomoću planktonskih foraminifera i nanoplanktona. Ustanovljene biozone odgovaraju gornjem luteciju i donjem bartoniju, dakle, donjemu dijelu ukupnoga raspona starosti Pazinskoga fliša.
The dating of the flysch sediments of the coastal Dinarides is critical for considering the evolution of the Dinaric chain. The flysch of the Pazin Basin, Istria has been considered to be Late Lutetian to Late Eocene in age by many workers. The recently reported Late Oligocene age of a part of this flysch (ŠPARICA et al., 2005) is highly relevant when considering the sedimentary and tectonic evolution of the area, as well as the western Dinarides in general. The importance of the Late Oligocene dating, and the character of the succession of the area in question, which shows similarities with Middle Eocene sediments in other parts of the basin, provoked the need for a reevaluation of the dating of these specific sediments. The results presented here support the Middle Eocene age of these sediments, which is consistent with the dating proposed by previous workers, and agrees with the character of the relevant sedimentary succession.
Dosadašnja istraživanja i shvaćanja, kako o starosti, tako i karakteru slijeda sedimenata fliša Pazinskoga bazena u Istri, upućivala su na ukupnu starost fliša od kasnoga lutecija do starijega ...priabonija. Međutim, nedavno su prikazani podaci, prema kojima jedan dio tih sedimenata odgovara kasnom oligocenu, što je bitna novost za razmatranje razvitka toga bazena, kao i orogena Dinarida. Ovaj rad odgovara na potrebu dodatne provjere starosti tih sedimenata zbog važnosti odnosnoga datiranja. Prikazani rezultati temelje se na usporedbi karaktera i slijeda sedimenata iz predjela odakle potječu nedavni podaci o oligocenu sa sedimentima drugih dijelova Pazinskoga bazena, te na biostratigrafskom datiranju pomoću planktonskih foraminifera i nanoplanktona. Ustanovljene biozone odgovaraju gornjem luteciju i donjem bartoniju, dakle, donjemu dijelu ukupnoga raspona starosti Pazinskoga fliša.
A study of sedimentary successions in different parts of the Eocene-Oligocene Promina basin has revealed major changes in the evolution of upper Promina Beds (PB). The first one refers to the origin ...of the erosional surface cutting different units ranging from Cretaceous limestones to different parts of older PB. It was formed during the fall of relative sea-level, and corresponds to a sequence boundary. This surface is overlain by onlapping alluvial sediments during the lowest relative sea level, and its early rise. The next main event is marked by a transgressive surface above the alluvium, that led to the deposition of shallow-marine limestones with diverse biota in the photic zone, as well as their lagoonal equivalents. This change resulted from an increase in accommodation space outpacing the rate of sediment supply. A further change refers to the deposition of mud with planktonic foraminifera on an outer shelf resulting from a further rise in the relative sea-level, which halted deposition of shallow-water limestones. The subsequent progradation of shelf and delta was related to the slowing down of the creation of accommodation space compared to the increase of sediment supply.
The Eocene clastics of the NW part of the island of Pag overlie carbonate platform deposits and are dominantly sandy. Besides minor components, they include cross-laminated and cross-bedded ...sandstones produced by marine tractive flows, mostly directed toward E, and ESE, and dominantly massive sandstones probably deposited by gravity flows. The area was situated close to sand-rich sources and river mouth(s). Possible settings include a delta-related shallow-marine area, and a sea strait. Structural deformation intervened very early in the history of a complex outer dinaric foreland realm and governed its subsequent evolution, in contrast to a simple foreland trough envisaged before.
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