Hair cortisol level has recently been identified as a promising marker for detecting long-term cortisol levels and a marker of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal cortex (HPA) axis activity. However, ...research on the association between obesity and an altered cortisol metabolism remains controversial.
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between hair cortisol levels and overweight and obesity in participants from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil).
This was a cross-sectional study involving 2,499 participants from the second follow-up (visit 3, 2017-2019) attending research centers in Rio de Janeiro and Rio Grande do Sul states. Hair samples were collected, and cortisol levels were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Cortisol levels were classified as low (< 40 pg/mg), medium (40-128 pg/mg), or high (> 128 pg/mg). The participants were classified as eutrophic, overweight, or obese according to their weight (kg) and height (m
). Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were estimated.
Of the 2499 individuals, 30% had eutrophic weight, 40% were overweight, and 30% were obese. Notably, cortisol levels gradually increased with increasing body weight. Among participants with high hair cortisol levels, 41.2% were classified as overweight and 34.2% as obese. Multinomial logistic regression analysis indicated that participants with high cortisol levels were 43% (OR =1.43; 95%CI: 1.02-2.03) more likely to be overweight and 72% (OR =1.72; 95%CI:1.20-2.47) more likely to be obese than participants with low hair cortisol levels. After adjustment for all covariates, high cortisol levels remained associated with obesity (OR = 1.54; 95%CI:1.02-2.31) and overweight (OR =1.33; 95%CI:0.91-1.94).
In the ELSA-Brazil cohort, hair stress were positively associated with overweight and obesity. These results underscore the importance of considering stress and cortisol as potential factors in obesity prevention and intervention efforts, and highlight a novel aspect of the complex relationship between stress and obesity in the Brazilian population.
Purpose: Type 2 diabetic (T2D) patients have liver and adipose tissue microcirculation disturbances associated with metabolic dysfunction and disease progression. However, the potential role of ...aerobic training on hepatic and white adipose tissue (WAT) microcirculation and the underlying mechanisms have not been elucidated to date. Therefore, we investigated the role of aerobic training on liver and WAT microcirculation and AGE-RAGE modulation in T2D mice. Methods: The control group (CTL) was fed standard chow, and T2D was induced by feeding male C57BL/6 a high-fat, high-carbohydrate diet for 24 weeks. In the following 12 weeks, mice underwent aerobic training (CTL EX and T2D EX groups), or were kept sedentary (CTL and T2D groups). We assessed metabolic parameters, biochemical markers, oxidative damage, the AGE-RAGE axis, hepatic steatosis, hepatic stellate cells activation (HSC) and liver and WAT microcirculation. Results: Hepatic microcirculation was improved in T2D EX mice which were associated with improvements in body, liver and fat mass, blood pressure, hepatic steatosis and fibrosis, and decreased HSC and AGE-RAGE activation. In contrast, improvement in WAT microcirculation, that is, decreased leukocyte recruitment and increased perfusion, was associated with increased catalase antioxidant activity. Conclusion: Physical training improves hepatic and adipose tissue microcirculatory dysfunction associated with T2D, likely due to downregulation of AGE-RAGE axis, decreased HSC activation and increased antioxidant activity. Keywords: microcirculation, physical training, AGE-RAGE, hyperglycemia
This study proposed to investigate the effect of Ilex paraguariensis infusion on the absorption of non-heme iron in hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) patients with the HFE genotype. A two-way ...randomized, controlled, crossover trial was conducted on patients, aged 29-69 years, undergoing maintenance therapy. Fourteen HFE-HH patients ingested a meal containing 11.4 mg iron and 200 mL either of water (control) or of Ilex paraguariensis leaf infusion. The beverages were offered in random order, at intervals separated by a washout period of 7 days. Active surveillance showed no adverse effects. Blood samples were drawn shortly before and 1, 2, 3, and 4 h after the meal for serum iron measurement. A significant reduction in the postprandial serum iron was observed for HH patients after intake of the Ilex paraguariensis infusion (area under the curve (AUC) expressed as mean ± SEM: 173.3 ± 44.7 μmol h
L
) compared to water (1449.4 ± 241.5 μmol h
L
) (p < 0.001). In summary, intake of Ilex paraguariensis leaf infusion significantly inhibited the absorption of iron in patients with HH and, therefore, should be considered as a potential adjuvant for iron overload control.
This study proposed to investigate the effect of
Ilex paraguariensis
infusion on the absorption of non-heme iron in hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) patients with the
HFE
genotype. A two-way ...randomized, controlled, crossover trial was conducted on patients, aged 29-69 years, undergoing maintenance therapy. Fourteen
HFE
-HH patients ingested a meal containing 11.4 mg iron and 200 mL either of water (control) or of
Ilex paraguariensis
leaf infusion. The beverages were offered in random order, at intervals separated by a washout period of 7 days. Active surveillance showed no adverse effects. Blood samples were drawn shortly before and 1, 2, 3, and 4 h after the meal for serum iron measurement. A significant reduction in the postprandial serum iron was observed for HH patients after intake of the
Ilex paraguariensis
infusion (area under the curve (AUC) expressed as mean ± SEM: 173.3 ± 44.7 μmol h
−1
L
−1
) compared to water (1449.4 ± 241.5 μmol h
−1
L
−1
) (
p
< 0.001). In summary, intake of
Ilex paraguariensis
leaf infusion significantly inhibited the absorption of iron in patients with HH and, therefore, should be considered as a potential adjuvant for iron overload control.
The acute intake of
Ilex paraguariensis
leaf infusion significantly inhibited the absorption of non-heme iron in hereditary hemochromatosis patients with the
HFE
genotype and should be considered as a potential adjuvant for iron overload control.
To investigate the association between cytokine peripheral levels and the risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with schizophrenia and controls.
A sample of 40 patients and 40 control subjects ...participated in the study. Psychiatric diagnosis was established following structured clinical assessment. The Framingham Score was used to assess cardiovascular risk (CVR). Serum levels of the cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70 and TNF-α were determined by cytometric bead array (CBA) technique, and the serum levels of IL-33, sST2, sTNFR1, sTNFR2, Leptin and Adiponectin by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
Patients with schizophrenia showed greater frequency of moderate CVR when compared with controls (p = 0.14). In addition, patients showed higher levels of sTNFR2 and Adiponectin compared to controls (p = 0.007 and p < 0.001, respectively). Adiponectin and sTNFR2 were associated with CVR only in patients (p = 0.0002 and p = 0.033, respectively). In multivariate analysis controlling for socio-demographic and clinical confounders, illness duration (r = 0.492; p < 0.002) and sTNFR2 (r = 0.665; p < 0.004) were independent predictors of CVR.
Our results reinforce the concept that patients with schizophrenia are at greater risk to develop cardiovascular diseases, and suggest that the associated chronic low-grade inflammation might play a role in this process.
According to the last 2023 Monkeypox (Mpox) Outbreak Global Map from the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), more than 100 countries with no Mpox infection report cases. Brazil stands ...out in this group and is the second country with the highest number of cases in the last outbreak.
To contribute to knowledge of the virus infection effects in a cellular model, which is important for diagnosis infections not yet included in a provider´s differential diagnosis and for developing viral inhibition strategies.
We describe a virus isolation protocol for a human clinical sample from a patient from Brazil, the viral growth in a cell model through plaque forming units (PFU) assay, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
We follow the viral isolation in Vero cell culture from a Mpox positive clinically diagnosed sample and show the infection effects on cellular structures using a TEM.
Understanding the impact of viral growth on cellular structures and its replication kinetics may offer better strategies for the development of new drugs with antiviral properties.
•Tobacco farmers presented elevated NPB, MN and NBUD when compared to controls.•IL-6 and TNF-α serum levels were higher for farmers, while CD4+/CD8+ was decreased.•XRCC1Arg194Trp polymorphism ...modulated DNA Damage.•OGG1Ser326Cys polymorphism modulated inflammatory response.•S, Cl and K were significantly increased in tobacco farmers blood samples.
Pesticides are one of the most frequently investigated chemical, due to their multiple uses in agricultural and public health areas. This study evaluates lymphocytes CBMN (cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome assay), inflammatory markers, inorganic elements in blood samples, and the relationship of these parameters with XRCC1Arg194Trp, OGG1Ser326Cys and PON1Gln192Arg polymorphisms in a population of tobacco farmers. The study population comprised 129 agricultural workers exposed to pesticides and 91 nonexposed. Farmers had significantly increased NPB (nuclear plasmatic bridge), MN (micronucleus) and NBUD (nuclear bud) frequencies, as well as IL-6 (interleukin 6) and TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor alpha) serum levels, and decreased cytokines CD4+/CD8+ ratio. In the exposed group, XRCC1 Trp/- was correlated with decreased NDI (nuclear division index), and OGG1 Cys/- was associated with higher levels of NPB and decreased levels of IL-6. The combined effects of PON1 Arg/- and XRCC1 Arg/Arg were associated with increased NPB frequencies. In addition, the combination of PON1 Arg/- with XRCC1 Trp/- or OGG1 Cys/- influenced in increased levels of necrosis in farmers. Furthermore, tobacco farmers showed a positive correlation between TNF-α levels and NPB, CD4+/CD8+ ratio and NBUD; and IL-6 levels with both MN and NDI. The duration of years of work at tobacco fields was correlated positively with NBUD frequency. Sulfur, chlorine and potassium were found at increased levels in the exposed group when compared to the nonexposed one. These findings provide evidence that tobacco farmers’ exposure have increased DNA damage and alter the immune system’s response, and that XRCC1 and OGG1 polymorphisms could influence both biomarkers results.
O extrato aquoso liofilizado de folhas de Solanum paniculatum L. (jurubeba), planta medicinalmuito utilizada pela população como diurético, em tratamentos de fígado e baço e para combater febre e ...inflamações, foi submetido ao teste SMART/asa em células somáticas de Drosophila melanogaster,para a avaliação de seu potencial mutagênico. Foram usadas três diferentes concentrações do extrato de folhas (2,5 mg.mL-1, 6,25 mg.mL-1 e 10 mg.mL-1), sendo doxorrubicina (DXR) usada como controlepositivo e água destilada com adição de sacarose a 5%, como controle negativo. Foram utilizadas três linhagens de Drosophila no experimento, flr3, ORR e mwh. As larvas obtidas dos cruzamentos padrão (ST: fêmeas flr3 x machos mwh) e de alta bioativação (HB: fêmeas ORR x machos mwh) foram submetidas a tratamento crônico, após o que foram feitas as análises das asas dos adultos emergentes. Os resultados obtidos não demonstraram atividade mutagênica de S. paniculatum L. nos descendentes dos cruzamentos ST e HB.
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