Açai is a nutritious and energetic food that demonstrated antioxidant activity and cardioprotective properties. However, since açai is a very perishable raw material, studies for its preservation are ...needed. The açai powder production is a way to obtain products with low moisture content, good stability and higher shelf life. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of drying açai in spouted bed, evaluating the operating conditions on the yield and quality of the product. The experiments were conducted according to a central composite design. Operating variables studied were: drying air temperature, airflow rate and maltodextrin concentration. Process yield, moisture content and total anthocyanins content were analyzed as responses. The process yield was positively influenced by all the variables studied. The increase in temperature caused a significant reduction in the moisture content. Airflow rate was the variable that most influenced the degradation of anthocyanins. Applying desirability function method, an optimal drying condition was found. Such this conditions was obtained a nutritious, energetic and porous powder, with excellent flowability, low moisture and high anthocyanins content.
•Drying of açai in spouted bed was feasible from the processing perspective.•The process yield was positively influenced by all the variables studied.•Açai powder moisture was specially influenced by the drying air temperature.•The increase of airflow rate decreased significantly the anthocyanin content.•Açai powder was nutritious, energetic, with high anthocyanin content.
► A decrease of phenolic compounds (besides anthocyanins which increased) was observed by HPLC–MS/MS in the course of ripening. ► A decrease of the antioxidant capacity (assessed by TEAC and TOSC) ...was observed during ripening. ► Contribution of identified polyphenols to overall antioxidant capacity was not significant (assessed by authentic standards). ► A decrease of determined nutrients during ripening was observed (besides lipids which increased).
Consumption of açaí fruits has been linked to positive health effects due to its phenolic content and nutritive value. The objective of this study was to characterize açaí fruits chemically and to determine the antioxidant capacity at three different maturity stages. With the exception of fat, amounts of macronutrients, minerals and titratable acids decreased during the ripening process. The same trend was observed for most of the phenolic constituents identified by HPLC–ESI-MS/MS. A consistent decline was shown for flavones and hydroxycinnamic acids. The concentration of the anthocyanins increased in the course of ripening. In accordance with the total amount of the identified phenolic compounds, the antioxidant capacity, measured by TEAC and TOSC, also decreased. However, the contribution of the main phenolic compounds to the overall antioxidant capacity evaluated by TOSC was estimated to be low.
This research aimed to evaluate 32 genotypes of Oenocarpus distichus fruits regarding the contents of total phenolic compounds, flavonoids, flavanols, monomeric anthocyanins, antioxidant capacity ...(ABTS and DPPH assays), and the phenolic compound profiles of the five genotypes that presented the highest yields of bioactive compounds. The genotypes were harvested in three different locations in Pará State, Northern Brazil, (Belém, São João do Araguaia and Marabá). Among the 32 genotypes, the highest bioactive compound contents and antioxidant capacity were found for three genotypes harvested in Belém (B-3, B-7 and B-8) and two harvested in São João do Araguaia (SJ-1 and SJ-4), and the total phenolic compounds varied from 131.97 to 363.01 mg gallic acid equivalent/100 g, total flavonoids from 24.23 to 38.19 mg quercetin equivalent/100 g, total flavanols from 72.29 to 259.18 mg catechin equivalent/100 g, and monomeric anthocyanins from 21.31 to 67.76 mg cyanidin 3-rutinoside/100 g. The main phenolic compounds tentatively identified in the five selected genotypes were cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside (48.47 to 196.51 μg/g), which could be identified and quantified as the major phenolic compound in Oenocarpus distichus fruits, for the first time, followed by chlorogenic acid (0.71 to 64.56 μg/g) and rutin (13.98 to 56.76 μg/g).
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•Genetic variability and cultivation location influence phenolic contents and composition in O. distichus.•Phenolic compounds of O. distichus fruits were strongly correlated with the antioxidant capacity.•Cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside is the major phenolic pigment in Oenocarpus distichus fruits.•Oenocarpus distichus fruits may contribute as a source of antioxidant compounds and phenolic compounds to diet.
The techniques LC-UV-BPSU and LC-UV-SPE/NMR were applied for the first time in the analysis of açai berry (
Mart.) pulp extracts. Those techniques allowed the identification of twenty-three ...metabolites: Valine (1), citric acid (2), tachioside (3), isotachioside (4),
-guaiacylglycerol (5), syringylglycerol (6), uridine (7), adenosine (8), dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone (9), koaburaside (10), protocatechuic acid (11), eurycorymboside B (12), 7',8'-dihydroxy-dihydrodehydroconiferyl alcohol-9-
-
-glucopyranoside (13), orientin (14), homoorientin (15), dihydrokaempferol-3-glucoside (16), isolariciresinol-9'-
-glucopyranoside (17), 5'-methoxyisolariciresinol-9'-
-glucopyranoside (18), cyanidin-3-
-glucoside (19), cyandin-3-
-rutenoside (20), 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl) ethyl ester (21), linolenic acid (22), and 1,2-di-
-
-linolenoyl-3-
-galactopyranosyl-sn-glycerol (23). In this plant, compounds 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 17, 18, 21, and 23 are reported for the first time. All the structures were determined through extensive analyses of 1D and 2D NMR data, mass spectrometry, and comparison with published data. This methodology has proven to be an efficient alternative to the analysis of complex extracts containing a large variety of compounds.
Eight pepper genotypes (
Capsicum
sp.,
Capsicum annun
L.,
C. chinense Jacq
, and
C. baccatum
L.
var. umbilicatum
) were assayed for total phenolics, anthocyanins, carotenoids, vitamin C, and total ...antioxidant activity in order to determine their bioactive compound profile and to establish the correlations between these compounds and their antioxidant activity. The genotype IAN 186311 (
C. chinense Jacq
.) showed the highest total antioxidant activity and the highest concentrations of phenolic compounds. As for the content of carotenoids, the genotype with the highest concentration was IAN 186324 (
Capsicum sp
.), and the genotype IAN 186305 (
C. baccatum
L.
var. umbilicatum
) showed the highest content of vitamin C and anthocyanins. Terefore, it can be concluded that the
Capsicum
sp. genotypes analyzed demonstrated a rather high diversity of bioactive compounds that should be further explored given the benefits they can provide to consumer health.
Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a estabilidade de duas polpas de frutas tropicais mistas, armazenadas sob congelamento (–18 °C), durante 365 dias, a partir de sucos tropicais mistos: F1 ...- suco tropical misto de acerola (10%), abacaxi (20%), açaí (5%), caju (5%), cajá (5%), camu-camu (5%), água (43,1%) e açúcar (6,9%) e F2 - suco tropical misto de acerola (10%), abacaxi (20%), açaí (10%), cajá (10%), água (43,4%) e açúcar (6,6%). Análises físicas, químicas e de capacidade antioxidante foram realizadas a cada 45 dias. Os sucos tropicais mistos mostraram-se adequados em termos da legislação vigente no que se refere à acidez e aos sólidos solúveis. Quanto à presença de constituintes bioativos, o suco tropical misto com maior concentração de açaí e cajá apresentou os maiores teores de antocianinas totais e carotenoides totais. Depois de 365 dias de armazenamento congelado, as perdas observadas para o teor de carotenoides foram 2,80% para a formulação F1 e 10,07% para a formulação F2. Já para antocianinas totais, as perdas foram maiores, 44,35% e 73,48%, para as formulações F1 e F2, respectivamente. De maneira geral, observou-se que o armazenamento sob congelamento foi eficaz na manutenção das características químicas e de atividade antioxidante das polpas de frutas mistas estudadas, resultando, após o descongelamento e adição de água e sacarose, em sucos tropicais mistos com boa qualidade nutricional e funcional.
Summary
The aim of this work was to prepare and evaluate an instant soup formulated with broken rice and beans processed by thermoplastic extrusion using a pilot‐scale, single‐screw extruder. The ...final product was characterised regarding its physicochemical composition, amino acid profile, functional–technological properties and sensory performance. The extrusion parameters were set using three extrusion zone temperatures (30, 40 and 70 °C), a screw speed of 177 rpm, feed rate of 260 g min−1. and circular matrix of 3.85 mm. The final product contained considerable levels of protein (12.91 g per 100 g) and dietary fibre (8.07 g per 100 g). Amino acid profile analysis showed that only sulphur‐containing amino acids and tryptophan were limiting with the remaining present in adequate concentrations to meet children's requirements. Regarding functional and technological properties, the instant soup powder showed appropriate water solubility and water absorption indexes as expected. The soup sensory analysis indicated good acceptability, with a purchase intent index of 71%.
O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade microbiológica e físico-química do mel in natura (np) e pasteurizado (p) de abelhas africanizadas (Apis mellifera) e de duas espécies de abelhas sem ...ferrão (Melipona fasciculata e Melipona flavolineata) nativas da região Nordeste do Estado do Pará. As análises físico-químicas foram realizadas de acordo com o recomendado pela legislação brasileira para Apis mellifera e as análises microbiológicas seguiram os métodos oficiais da American Public Health Association. Os méis de Apis mellifera apresentaram-se dentro dos padrões físico-químicos estabelecidos, exceto para os parâmetros açúcares redutores (np: 57,43%±1,28 e p: 58,53%±1,91), acidez (np: 62,25 cmol/Kg±4,15 e p: 62,67 cmol/Kg±5,75) e umidade (np: 21,02%±0,17 e p: 20,12%±0,07). Os méis de meliponíneos apresentaram-se dentro da faixa observada na literatura para esse tipo de mel. Em quase todas as análises físico-químicas realizadas, os méis estudados mostraram-se diferentes entre si, sendo que os méis de meliponíneos apresentam umidade e atividade de água mais elevada, o que os torna mais suscetíveis a deteriorações. Foi observada diferença significativa entre os méis in natura de A. mellifera e de meliponíneos quando comparado com seus respectivos méis pasteurizados para as análises de umidade (A. melífera, np: 21,02%±0,17 e p: 20,12%±0,07; M. fasciculata, np: 24,33%±0,03 e p: 23,68%±0,16; M. flavolineata, np: 28,53%±0,02 e p: 27,40%±0,04), sacarose aparente (A. melífera, np: 5,75%±0,18 e p: 3,19%±0,23; M. fasciculata, np: 3,89%±0,04 e p: 1,59%±0,03; M. flavolineata, np: 2,12%±0,22 e p: 1,62%±0,02) e HMF (A. melífera, np: 20,99mg/Kg±0,13 e p: 64,36mg/Kg±0,07; M. fasciculata, np: 6,54mg/Kg±0,14 e p: 9,46mg/Kg±0,09; M. flavolineata, np: 3,59mg/Kg±0,14 e p: 43,19mg/Kg±0,14). Todas as amostras submetidas ao processo de pasteurização encontravam-se dentro dos limites microbiológicos estabelecidos pela legislação vigente.Palavras chaves: Apis melífera; caracterização; mel; meliponíneos; pasteurização
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