•There is paternal effect for the number of total oocytes.•Paternal effects explained 6 % of the phenotypic variance for total oocytes.•No parental effects were observed for viable oocytes and ...embryos.•Partial effects may still exist for the number of oocytes and embryos.
Imprinting is a phenomenon that alters the expression of genes according to the parental origin of their alleles. A quantitative form to evaluate the imprinting effect is known as parent-of-origin effect. Our aim with this work is to identify parent-of-origin effects that influence the number of oocytes and embryos in Gir dairy cattle. A dataset with 17,526 Ovum Pick Up observations from 1641 Gir donors was used to estimate parent-of-origin effects for the traits number of total oocytes (TO), number of viable oocytes (VO) and number of embryos (EM). To identify parent-of-origin effects, dam and sire gametic effects were included, individually or together, in an animal model for TO, VO and EM traits. For TO, inclusion of paternal origin effects in the model was significant (P < 0.05), and explained 6 % of the total phenotypic variance. For VO and EM no significant parent-of-origin effects were found for either parental line. In conclusion, paternal effects appear to influence the total oocyte production in the Gir cattle breed.
Paternal imprinting effect on the number of total oocytes in Gir cattle.
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The devastating Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is associated with a high prothrombotic state. It is unclear if the coagulation abnormalities occur because of the direct effect of SARS-CoV-2 ...or indirectly by the cytokine storm and endothelial damage or by a combination of mechanisms. There is a clear indication of in-hospital pharmacological thromboprophylaxis for every patient with COVID-19 after bleed risk assessment. However, there is much debate regarding the best dosage regimen, and there is no consensus on the role of extended thromboprophylaxis.
This study aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of rivaroxaban 10 mg once daily for 35 ± 4 days versus no intervention after hospital discharge in COVID-19 patients who were at increased risk for VTE and have received standard parenteral VTE prophylaxis during hospitalization. The composite efficacy endpoint is a combination of symptomatic VTE, VTE-related death, VTE detected by bilateral lower limbs venous duplex scan and computed tomography pulmonary angiogram on day 35 ± 4 posthospital discharge and symptomatic arterial thromboembolism (myocardial infarction, nonhemorrhagic stroke, major adverse limb events, and cardiovascular death) up to day 35 ± 4 posthospital discharge. The key safety outcome is the incidence of major bleeding according to ISTH criteria.
The MICHELLE trial is expected to provide high-quality evidence around the role of extended thromboprophylaxis in COVID-19 and will help guide medical decisions in clinical practice.11This paper is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, and its publication is approved by all authors.
The thermolytic capacity test is used to assess the adaptability of animals to existing environmental conditions. However, there is insufficient information on the relationship between ...histomorphometry and adaptability of buffaloes. Thus, this study aimed to assess the use of thermolysis pathways by buffaloes reared in a hot and humid environment so as to understand the relationships between environment, skin morphological characteristics, and heat storage, as well as the intensity and proportionality of use of its ways of dissipating heat to maintain homeothermy. The heat tolerance test, associated with the evaluations
infrared thermography, was applied to 10 female Murrah buffaloes and tegument histomorphometry was carried out. The animals exhibited very high heat tolerance with an average of 9.66 ± 0.21 and used thermal polypnea as the main heat dissipation pathway. Their mean skin thickness was 6.03 ± 1.16 mm and the active sweat and sebaceous gland tissue were 1.57 ± 0.38% and 1.08 ± 0.39%, respectively. The buffaloes exhibited a positive correlation between eyeball temperature and internal body temperature (
= 0.84523,
< 0.0001) and a negative correlation between respiratory rate and skin thickness (
= -0.73371,
= 0.0157). The high thermolytic capacity in shade conditions confirms the importance of access to shade in buffalo rearing systems in tropical regions.
Introduction. Citrus trees in Brazil are often attacked by the blackfly, Aleurocanthus woglumi Ashby. The induction of resistance to control this pest is required to maintain the sanitary and ...nutritional quality of the crop. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of silicon in the form of potassium silicate (K2SiO3) to modify the activity of enzymes involved in the defence of Citrus reticulata and to find any correlation between the activity of these enzymes and the development of A. woglumi. Materials and methods. The study was conducted in a greenhouse using seedlings of C. reticulate cv. ‘Dancy’ in the following one-application treatments: T1: Infestation with A. woglumi and no K2SiO3 (control, “C”); T2: No A. woglumi and no K2SiO3 (absolute control “AC”); T3: 17 g L-1K2SiO +A. woglumi, T4: 35 g L-1K2SiO +A. woglumi; T5: 52 g L-1 K2SiO +A. woglumi; and T6: 70 g L-1K2SiO +A. woglumi. To perform the enzymatic analyses, one leaf was removed separately from each mandarin seedling after 10, 30, 50, 70, and 90 days of continuous feeding of A. woglumi. The activity of peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase was assessed. Results and discussion. The correlation between peroxidase activity and A. woglumi development was positive. The peroxidase and polyphenol activities indicated strong induction of plant defences against A. woglumi. The increase in peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase activity revealed the induction of synthesis of compounds for plant defence against A. woglumi, but this effect depended on the time of A. woglumi feeding and on the concentration of silicon. Conclusion. Silicon was shown to be an elicitor that potentiates the defence mechanisms of C. reticulata to A. woglumi.
Introduction. Les agrumes au Brésil sont fréquemment attaqués par des aleurodes (Aleurocanthus woglumi Ashby). L’induction de résistance pour lutter contre ce ravageur est nécessaire pour maintenir la qualité sanitaire et nutritionnelle de la récolte. Le but de cette étude était d’évaluer le potentiel du silicium sous la forme de silicate de potassium (K2SiO3) dans la modification de l’activité des enzymes impliquées dans la réaction de défense du mandarinier (Citrus reticulata), et aussi de trouver une corrélation entre l’activité de ces enzymes et le développement des aleurodes. Matériel et méthodes. L’étude a été menée en serre en utilisant des plants de mandarinier cv. Dancy. Les traitements suivants ont été appliqués : T1 : infestation par A. woglumi et pas de K2SiO3 (contrôle, “C”; T2 : pas d’A. woglumi et pas de K2SiO3 (contrôle absolu “AC”); T3 : 17 g L-1 K2SiO +A. woglumi, T4 : 35 g L-1 K2SiO +A. woglumi; T5 : 52 g L-1 K2SiO +A. woglumi; et T6 : 70 g L-1 K2SiO +A. woglumi. Pour effectuer les analyses enzymatiques, une feuille de mandarinier a été prélevée séparément de chaque plante après 10, 30, 50, 70 et 90 jours d’alimentation continue en aleurodes des agrumes. L’activité de la peroxydase, de la polyphénol oxydase et de la phénylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) a été évaluée. Résultats et discussion. La corrélation entre l’activité de la peroxydase et le développement d’A. woglumi s’est montrée positive. L’activité de la peroxydase et celle de la polyphénol oxydase ont indiqué une forte induction des défenses de la plante contre A. woglumi. L’augmentation de l’activité polyphénol oxydase et peroxydase a révélé l’induction de la synthèse de composés actifs dans la défense des plantes contre A. woglumi, mais cet effet dépendait de la durée ’alimentation des aleurodes et de la concentration en silicium. Conclusion. L’étude a montré que le silicium pouvait jouer le rôle d’éliciteur en stimulant des mécanismes de défense de C. reticulata contre A. woglumi.
This study evaluated food intake and productive performance of crossbred (½ Santa Inês x ½ dorper) lambs supplemented with different levels of faveleira (Cnidoscolus quercifolius Pohl) fodder salt. ...Thirty male sheep fed tifton grass hay, water, and faveleira fodder salt were randomly allocated into five treatments with six replicates each. The treatments consisted of diets with different inclusion levels of faveleira hay in the fodder salt composition: Treatment 1 (1% mineral salt + 99% faveleira hay), Treatment 2 (3% mineral salt + 97% faveleira hay), Treatment 3 (5% mineral salt + 95% faveleira hay), Treatment 4 (7% mineral salt + 93% faveleira hay), and Treatment 5 (Control - 100% mineral salt). Intake of dry matter, tifton hay and water, average daily gain, feed conversion, and feed efficiency were not affected by fodder salt supplementation (P > 0.05). There was a significant difference (P < 0.05) in fodder salt intake between Treatments 4 and 5, and daily intake was higher in animals submitted to Treatment 4 (61.0 g day-1). Mineral salt intake increased significantly with increasing mineral salt levels in the diet. However, no significant difference was observed in average daily gain across treatments, indicating that faveleira hay, even in small quantities, and tifton hay were able to meet the nutritional requirements of animals to support a good average daily gain. The inclusion of up to 99% faveleira hay in fodder salt formulations did not affect voluntary intake of forage, water and dry matter, average daily gain, feed conversion, and feed efficiency. Lambs supplemented with faveleira fodder salt had average daily gains within the optimal range for slaughter and high feed conversion and feed efficiency values. Faveleira was shown to be an effective supplementary feed alternative in sheep.
Identification of selection signatures in livestock species de Simoni Gouveia, João José; da Silva, Marcos Vinicius Gualberto Barbosa; Paiva, Samuel Rezende ...
Genetics and molecular biology,
06/2014, Volume:
37, Issue:
2
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
The identification of regions that have undergone selection is one of the principal goals of theoretical and applied evolutionary genetics. Such studies can also provide information about the ...evolutionary processes involved in shaping genomes, as well as physical and functional information about genes/genomic regions. Domestication followed by breed formation and selection schemes has allowed the formation of very diverse livestock breeds adapted to a wide variety of environments and with special characteristics. The advances in genomics in the last five years have enabled the development of several methods to detect selection signatures and have resulted in the publication of a considerable number of studies involving livestock species. The aims of this review are to describe the principal effects of natural/artificial selection on livestock genomes, to present the main methods used to detect selection signatures and to discuss some recent results in this area. This review should be useful also to research scientists working with wild animals/non-domesticated species and plant biologists working with breeding and evolutionary biology.
This paper presents a landscape evolution model based on physical processes – hillslope processes and fluvial erosion, transport, and deposition – solved by numerical methodology. That is, through ...the solution of differential equations approximated by numerical methods. In this case, hillslope processes are modeled through the classical diffusion equation, discretized by the finite volume method. Fluvial erosion, transport, and deposition are modeled by the fluvial potential equations (stream power law). For this, the approximation is performed by the finite difference method. The topography – initial condition – is set by digital elevation models, obtained from satellite images. These are Raster datasets, that each cell contains a representative elevation value. The drainage is determined through the classical algorithm D8, which performs a scan on the digital elevation model, tracing routes of greater slopes between the cells. The algorithm execution flowchart is presented, and the model is validated. Finally, a geomorphological study is presented in the Piratini river basin, showing thar developed model mimics largescale natural phenomena of watershed processes.
Runs of homozygosity (ROH) and signatures of selection are the results of selection processes in livestock species that have been shown to affect several traits in cattle. The aim of the current work ...was to verify the profile of ROH and inbreeding depression in the number of total (TO) and viable oocytes (VO) and the number of embryos (EMBR) in Gir Indicine cattle. In addition, we aim to identify signatures of selection, genes, and enriched regions between Gir subpopulations sorted by breeding value for these traits. The genotype file contained 2093 animals and 420,718 SNP markers. Breeding values used to sort Gir animals were previously obtained. ROH and signature of selection analyses were performed using PLINK software, followed by ROH-based (
F
ROH
) and pedigree-based inbreeding (
F
ped
) and a search for genes and their functions. An average of 50 ± 8.59 ROHs were found per animal. ROHs were separated into classes according to size, ranging from 1 to 2 Mb (ROH
1–2
Mb: 58.17%), representing ancient inbreeding, ROH
2–4
Mb (22.74%), ROH
4-8
Mb (11.34%), ROH
8-16
Mb (5.51%), and ROH
>16
Mb (2.24%). Combining our results, we conclude that the increase in general F
ROH
and
F
ped
significantly decreases TO and VO; however, in different chromosomes traits can increase or decrease with
F
ROH
. In the analysis for signatures of selection, we identified 15 genes from 47 significant genomic regions, indicating differences in populations with high and low breeding value for the three traits.
Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is an important oilseed crop with clear sensibility to salt stress. In this study, we evaluated silicon (Si) effect on the nitrogen metabolism and antioxidant enzyme ...activity in sunflower plants subjected to salinity. A 4 × 4 factorial arrangement of treatments in a completely randomized design with four replicates was used, consisting of four concentrations of Si (0.0; 1.0; 1.5; and 2.0 mM) and four concentrations of NaCl (0; 50; 100; and 150 mM) in the nutrient solution. The salinity reduced the nitrate content, but the increasing Si concentration in the medium improved the nitrate uptake, leading this ion to accumulate in salt-stressed plants, particularly in the roots. The nitrate reductase activity and the proline and soluble N-amino contents were also significantly increased by Si in salt conditions. The salinity increased electrolyte leakage and reduced the activity of enzymes superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase and catalase in sunflower plants, but these decreases were reversed by Si at 2 mM, thus alleviating the effects of salinity on these variables. We conclude that Si is able to positively modulate nitrogen metabolism and antioxidant enzyme activities in sunflower plants in order to alleviate the harmful effects of salinity.
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