Fisheries Management in a Changing Climate MILLS, KATHERINE E.; PERSHING, ANDREW J.; BROWN, CURTIS J. ...
Oceanography (Washington, D.C.),
06/2013, Volume:
26, Issue:
2
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Climate change became real for many Americans in 2012 when a record heat wave affected much of the United States, and Superstorm Sandy pounded the Northeast. At the same time, a less visible heat ...wave was occurring over a large portion of the Northwest Atlantic Ocean. Like the heat wave on land, the ocean heat wave affected coastal ecosystems and economies. Marine species responded to warmer temperatures by shifting their geographic distribution and seasonal cycles. Warm-water species moved northward, and some species undertook local migrations earlier in the season, both of which affected fisheries targeting those species. Extreme events are expected to become more common as climate change progresses (Tebaldi et al., 2006; Hansen et al., 2012). The 2012 Northwest Atlantic heat wave provides valuable insights into ways scientific information streams and fishery management frameworks may need to adapt to be effective as ocean temperatures warm and become more variable.
Soil contamination with heavy metals and organic pollutants has increasingly become a serious global environmental issue in recent years. Considerable efforts have been made to remediate contaminated ...soils. Biochar has a large surface area, and high capacity to adsorb heavy metals and organic pollutants. Biochar can potentially be used to reduce the bioavailability and leachability of heavy metals and organic pollutants in soils through adsorption and other physicochemical reactions. Biochar is typically an alkaline material which can increase soil pH and contribute to stabilization of heavy metals. Application of biochar for remediation of contaminated soils may provide a new solution to the soil pollution problem. This paper provides an overview on the impact of biochar on the environmental fate and mobility of heavy metals and organic pollutants in contaminated soils and its implication for remediation of contaminated soils. Further research directions are identified to ensure a safe and sustainable use of biochar as a soil amendment for remediation of contaminated soils.
Using theory of reasoned action and social exchange theory, this study empirically tests a model of residents' support for the 2012 Olympic Games. The model proposes that overall attitude towards the ...Games mediates the relationship between perceived socio-cultural, economic, and environmental impacts, and residents' support for the Games. Results indicate perceived economic and socio-cultural impacts (positive and negative) influence overall attitude, but contrary to our predictions, perceived environmental impacts (positive and negative) are not related to overall attitude. The model confirms that overall attitude plays a mediating role between perceived socio-cultural, economic, environmental impacts and support for the 2012 Games. Findings highlight the need for researchers to disaggregate the components of perceived impacts when modelling attitudes and support for mega events.
► The study evaluates perceptions of impacts and residents' support for the 2012 Olympic Games. ► We delineate impacts according to the triple bottom line approach. ► Social exchange theory and the theory of reasoned action are used to build a theoretical model. ► We conceptually distinguish between attitude and support. The mediating effect of overall attitude is also evaluated. ► Results show the need to disaggregate event impacts and distinguish between attitude and support.
C1 neurons: the body's EMTs Guyenet, Patrice G; Stornetta, Ruth L; Bochorishvili, Genrieta ...
American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology,
08/2013, Volume:
305, Issue:
3
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
The C1 neurons reside in the rostral and intermediate portions of the ventrolateral medulla (RVLM, IVLM). They use glutamate as a fast transmitter and synthesize catecholamines plus various ...neuropeptides. These neurons regulate the hypothalamic pituitary axis via direct projections to the paraventricular nucleus and regulate the autonomic nervous system via projections to sympathetic and parasympathetic preganglionic neurons. The presympathetic C1 cells, located in the RVLM, are probably organized in a roughly viscerotopic manner and most of them regulate the circulation. C1 cells are variously activated by hypoglycemia, infection or inflammation, hypoxia, nociception, and hypotension and contribute to most glucoprivic responses. C1 cells also stimulate breathing and activate brain stem noradrenergic neurons including the locus coeruleus. Based on the various effects attributed to the C1 cells, their axonal projections and what is currently known of their synaptic inputs, subsets of C1 cells appear to be differentially recruited by pain, hypoxia, infection/inflammation, hemorrhage, and hypoglycemia to produce a repertoire of stereotyped autonomic, metabolic, and neuroendocrine responses that help the organism survive physical injury and its associated cohort of acute infection, hypoxia, hypotension, and blood loss. C1 cells may also contribute to glucose and cardiovascular homeostasis in the absence of such physical stresses, and C1 cell hyperactivity may contribute to the increase in sympathetic nerve activity associated with diseases such as hypertension.
This paper summarizes the best papers of the Global Innovation and Knowledge Academy (GIKA) conference, which took place in July 2012 in Valencia, Spain. The Journal of Business Research hereby ...publishes a special issue entitled Innovation and entrepreneurship in knowledge industries. This special issue includes 22 papers and the editorial. All of them went through double-blind reviews and revisions. These papers contribute to various perspectives of innovation and entrepreneurship in different countries. Innovation is considered a specific instrument of entrepreneurship. The papers in this special issue cover a variety of topics in the area of innovation and entrepreneurship.
Objetivo. Presentar prácticas de alimentación infantil (PAI) en México de la Encuesta Nacional Salud y Nutrición (ENSANUT 2012) y ofrecer información para el desarrollo de políticas públicas. ...Material y métodos. Encuesta con diseño probabilístico. Población: Mujeres de 12 a 49 años e hijos menores de 3 años. Cálculo de indicadores propuestos por OMS, por factores geográficos, socioeconómicos, pertenencia a programas y servicios de salud. Resultados. Mediana de duración lactancia de 10.2 meses y 14.4% con lactancia materna exclusiva (LME) en menores de 6 meses. Las PAI se deterioraron en grupos más vulnerables. El descenso de LME en menores de 6 meses entre 2006 y 2012 se explica por el aumento en consumo de fórmulas y otras leches (4%) y agua (4%). El 74% de niños de 6 a 11 meses tuvo diversidad mínima alimentaria, menor (<60%) en grupos más vulnerables. Conclusiones. En México, la alimentación complementaria mejoró pero la lactancia se deterioró. Su promoción, protección y apoyo deben ser integrales, coordinados, financiados y evaluados con liderazgo del Gobierno Federal y participación de diversos actores.
Background
Peroral esophageal myotomy (POEM) is a novel endoscopic operation for the treatment of achalasia. Few POEM outcome data exist, and no study has compared POEM with the surgical standard, ...laparoscopic Heller myotomy (LHM).
Methods
Perioperative outcomes were compared between POEM and LHM performed in a nonrandomized fashion. Patients in both groups met the following eligibility criteria: diagnosis of achalasia, age 18–85, and absence of prior achalasia treatment.
Results
Eighteen patients underwent POEM, and 55 patients underwent LHM. Operative times were shorter for POEM (113 vs. 125 min,
p
< .05), and estimated blood loss was less (≤10 ml in all cases vs. 50 ml,
p
< .001). Myotomy lengths, complication rates, and length of stay were similar. Pain scores were similar upon post-anesthesia care unit arrival and on postoperative day 1 but were higher at 2 h for POEM patients (3.5 vs. 2,
p
= .03). Narcotic requirements were similar, although fewer POEM patients received ketorolac. POEM patients’ Eckardt scores decreased (median 1 postop vs. 7 preop,
p
< .001), and 16 (89 %) patients had a treatment success (score ≤3) at median 6-month follow-up. Six weeks after POEM, routine follow-up manometry and esophagram showed normalization of esophagogastric junction pressures and contrast column heights.
Conclusions
POEM and LHM appear to have similar perioperative outcomes. Further investigation is needed regarding long-term results after POEM.
More than two billion dollars. That’s how much money was spent in the 2012 presidential campaign—the most expensive campaign in history. Each party raised and spent more than one billion dollars as ...the traditional boundaries of campaign financing were ignored. Both parties could do so because they were playing in a game with new rules—rules that largely developed after the 2010 Supreme Court ruling known as Citizens United. That case removed many restrictions on donation limits, particularly for corporations and unions. The result was the development of a new set of political players called “Super PACs” that were allowed to enter the political arena and spend an unlimited amount of money on behalf of clients. This book looks at how Super PACs raised and spent money and influenced the 2012 election. It provides an insightful look at how both right- and left-leaning groups approached the election and impacted the political process.
This work presents a generalized structure generation methodology for amorphous polymers by a simulated polymerization technique and 21-step molecular dynamics equilibration, which is particularly ...effective for high-
T
g
polymers. The essential framework and parameters of the techniques and algorithms are described in detail, and example input scripts are provided for use with the freely available
Polymatic
simulated polymerization code and LAMMPS molecular dynamics package. The capabilities of the methods are examined through application to six linear, glassy polymers ranging in functionality, polarity, and rigidity. Validation of the methodology is provided by comparison of the simulations and experiments for a variety of structural, adsorption, and thermal properties, all of which showed excellent agreement with available experimental data.
The deep polar ice cores provide reference records commonly employed in global correlation of past climate events. However, temporal divergences reaching up to several thousand years (ka) exist ...between ice cores over the last climatic cycle. In this context, we are hereby introducing the Antarctic Ice Core Chronology 2012 (AICC2012), a new and coherent timescale developed for four Antarctic ice cores, namely Vostok, EPICA Dome C (EDC), EPICA Dronning Maud Land (EDML) and Talos Dome (TALDICE), alongside the Greenlandic NGRIP record. The AICC2012 timescale has been constructed using the Bayesian tool Datice (Lemieux-Dudon et al., 2010) that combines glaciological inputs and data constraints, including a wide range of relative and absolute gas and ice stratigraphic markers. We focus here on the last 120 ka, whereas the companion paper by Bazin et al. (2013) focuses on the interval 120–800 ka. Compared to previous timescales, AICC2012 presents an improved timing for the last glacial inception, respecting the glaciological constraints of all analyzed records. Moreover, with the addition of numerous new stratigraphic markers and improved calculation of the lock-in depth (LID) based on δ15N data employed as the Datice background scenario, the AICC2012 presents a slightly improved timing for the bipolar sequence of events over Marine Isotope Stage 3 associated with the seesaw mechanism, with maximum differences of about 600 yr with respect to the previous Datice-derived chronology of Lemieux-Dudon et al. (2010), hereafter denoted LD2010. Our improved scenario confirms the regional differences for the millennial scale variability over the last glacial period: while the EDC isotopic record (events of triangular shape) displays peaks roughly at the same time as the NGRIP abrupt isotopic increases, the EDML isotopic record (events characterized by broader peaks or even extended periods of high isotope values) reached the isotopic maximum several centuries before. It is expected that the future contribution of both other long ice core records and other types of chronological constraints to the Datice tool will lead to further refinements in the ice core chronologies beyond the AICC2012 chronology. For the time being however, we recommend that AICC2012 be used as the preferred chronology for the Vostok, EDC, EDML and TALDICE ice core records, both over the last glacial cycle (this study), and beyond (following Bazin et al., 2013). The ages for NGRIP in AICC2012 are virtually identical to those of GICC05 for the last 60.2 ka, whereas the ages beyond are independent of those in GICC05modelext (as in the construction of AICC2012, the GICC05modelext was included only via the background scenarios and not as age markers). As such, where issues of phasing between Antarctic records included in AICC2012 and NGRIP are involved, the NGRIP ages in AICC2012 should therefore be taken to avoid introducing false offsets. However for issues involving only Greenland ice cores, there is not yet a strong basis to recommend superseding GICC05modelext as the recommended age scale for Greenland ice cores.
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