COVID-19 – Arbeiten in der Krise Andrae, Magdalena; Marín-Arraiza, Paloma; Ferus, Andreas
Mitteilungen der Vereinigung Österreichischer Bibliothekarinnen & Bibliothekare,
02/2021, Volume:
73, Issue:
3-4
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Das Schwerpunktthema der aktuellen Ausgabe der „Mitteilungen der Vereinigung Österreichischer Bibliothekarinnen und Bibliothekare“ (VÖB) befasst sich mit den Auswirkungen der Pandemie auf das ...Bibliothekswesen. COVID-19 wird von verschiedenen Seiten als Chance, Herausforderung, Ernüchterung, als Ungewissheit bringendes Novum gesehen. Unberührt hat das Virus niemanden gelassen. Für manche war dies ein notwendiger Schub in Richtung Digitalisierung, für andere zeigte sich, wie stark die Tätigkeiten noch mit dem Physischen verwoben sind. Dieses Heft ging der Frage nach, was COVID-19 für den Wissenschaftsbetrieb, für einzelne Bibliotheken und Mitarbeiter*innen bedeutet.
Der Aufschwung der empirischen Bildungsforschung im deutschsprachigen Raum in den letzten zwanzig Jahren steht in einem Zusammenhang mit den Ergebnissen der international vergleichenden ...Leistungsstudien wie PISA und TIMSS, der Implementation neuer Steuerungsformen sowie mit umfangreichen strukturellen Massnahmen. In diesem Artikel erfolgt zunächst eine Auseinandersetzung mit der "empirischen Bildungsforschung" als Forschungsfeld. In einem zweiten Schritt werden aktuelle Forschungslücken beschrieben. Forschungsbedarf kann in theoretischer und methodischer Perspektive und bezüglich der Klärung der Fragen nach den Bedingungsfaktoren und Effekten von Bildungsprozessen identifiziert werden. Des Weiteren wird für den Aufbau einer Forschungsinfrastruktur für Bildungsforschung plädiert. (DIPF/Orig.)
The growth of empirical educational research in the German-speaking world over the past twenty years is related to the results of international large-scale assessments such as PISA and TIMSS, the implementation of new forms of governance, and the provision of extensive structural measures. This article first discusses “empirical educational research” as a field of research. In a second step, current research gaps are described. A need for research can be identified from a theoretical and methodological perspective and with regard to clarifying questions about the influencing factors and effects of educational processes. Furthermore, the development of a research infrastructure for educational research is advocated. (DIPF/Orig.)
Im Rahmen des Projektes „Biodiversität in Wiener Kleingartenanlagen“ erfolgte der Erstnachweis von Boeremia exigua var. forsythiae und Cladosporium forsythiae an Forsythia sp. für Österreich.
This paper studies a targeted program that extends the maximum duration of unemployment benefits from 30 weeks to 209 weeks in Austria. Sharp discontinuities in treatment assignment at age 50 and at ...the border between eligible regions and control regions identify the effect of extended benefits on unemployment duration. Results indicate that the duration of job search is prolonged by at least 0.09 weeks per additional week of benefits among men, whereas unemployment duration increases by at least 0.32 weeks per additional week of benefits for women. This finding is consistent with a lower early retirement age applying to women.
This article examines outsiders' relative access to occupational level family‐friendly policies. I use data from the European Working Conditions Survey of 2015 across 30 European countries examining ...workers' access to two types of family‐friendly working‐time arrangements (WTAs): flexitime, and time off work for personal reasons. The article focuses on women with care responsibilities given that their demands for family‐friendly policies, as well as their outcomes, have been shown to be distinct from the rest of the working population. In addition to the outsider definition used in the labor market dualization and occupational segmentation literature, i.e., low‐skilled workers and those without a permanent contract, this article also defines outsiders as those perceiving their job as insecure. The results of the analysis show a segmentation between workers in their access to family‐friendly policies. Unlike statutory policies, occupational policies seem to be selectively provided mostly to workers where employers have a vested interest, i.e., insiders, resulting in a dualized system for most countries. However, rather than their contract status, the skill‐level of the job/workers, and their perceived insecurity were found to be important. The results further show that although Northern European and some continental European countries are those where family‐friendly WTAs are more readily available, it is in these countries where the division between insiders and outsiders is the greatest. The results of the article contribute to the literature by showing a need to move beyond the national level when examining family‐friendly policies, and to examine a more diverse definition of outsiders when examining dualization of working conditions.
•We estimate the profit maximizing size of PV systems including economies of scale.•We find that tariffs and subsidies can lead to incentives for small systems (<5kW).•The results are related to a ...social cost perspective of PV integration.•Potential cost inefficiencies are identified and quantified for Austria.•We recommend policies incentivizing larger PV systems in the residential sector.
In this paper we analyse optimal sizing of grid connected rooftop photovoltaic systems from a household’s perspective. We estimate the profit maximizing size for more than 800 households in Austria for various electricity tariffs and subsidy schemes considering economies of scale related to the investment costs of photovoltaic systems in the size range of 1–20kW of installed capacity. Size dependent investment costs are estimated from data on photovoltaic systems installed in Austria from 2008 to 2013. We then take a social cost perspective and relate the results to the total investment costs to install a certain amount of capacity in residential areas. We find that in the presence of economies of scale substantial cost inefficiencies can occur resulting from incentives to install relatively small systems. Depending on the compensation scheme the simulated optimal system size can be as low as 2kW resulting in high costs per capacity. Subsidy design and tariff regulations can be adopted to incentivize larger photovoltaic systems in the residential sector which would reduce the costs of achieving a certain level of distributed PV generation. It is estimated that for a minimum system size of 5kW total investment costs for subsidised residential photovoltaic systems in Austria from 2008 to 2013 could have been 2.2% lower for the same amount of installed capacity. We further argue that the strict focus on onsite use of electricity from photovoltaic systems in the residential area is not necessarily desirable from a social cost perspective because it can lead to small and therefore more expensive photovoltaic systems.
Concessions were strictly delimited enclaves within key trading cities in China, ceded to and governed by foreign powers after ‘unequal treaties’ resulting from military campaigns. Within the ...international concession of Tientsin (today’s Tianjin), a city to the south-east of Beijing, nine nations were present (1860-1946), but the Austro-Hungarian concession (1901-17) fell into oblivion. Filling this scientific gap is the overall goal of this book: its urban and architectural history will be contextualised here for the first time, making use of hitherto unknown archival material.
Konzessionen waren genau abgesteckte Handelsenklaven in Chinesischen Handelsstädten, die in Folge aufgezwungener Verträge nach kriegerischen Auseinandersetzungen an fremde Besatzungsmächte übergeben und von jenen verwaltet wurden. Innerhalb der Internationalen Konzession von Tientsin (heute Tianjin), einer Stadt südöstlich von Peking, waren zwischen 1860 und 1946 insgesamt neun Nationen präsent, jedoch ist die Österreichisch-Ungarische Konzession (sie bestand zwischen 1901 und 1917) heute komplett in Vergessenheit geraten. Ziel der vorliegenden Publikation ist es, diese wissenschaftliche Fehlstelle zu schließen: ihre städtebauliche und architektonische Entwicklungsgeschichte wird hier das erste Mal kontextualisiert, und dies mit bisher unbekanntem Archivmaterial untermauert.
This article contributes to the discussion on flexible working by assessing empirically the prevalence of mobile, multi-locational work in Europe (EU-28, Norway and Switzerland). Drawing on data from ...the Sixth European Working Conditions Survey, the prevalence of multi-locational work across Europe is examined in terms of the knowledge intensity of the work. Knowledge-intensive occupations are characterised by a high level of individual skills, typically acquired through tertiary-level education, and a high degree of autonomy combined with frequent use of ICT. According to the results, working on mobile sites – a practice that augments working in the primary workplace – is most common in northern European countries, where the proportion of knowledge-intensive occupations is high. However, even in the Nordic region, knowledge workers predominantly work at their employers’ premises. This finding is in marked contrast with the hyperbole and expectations which assume that ICT allows knowledge workers to work free from the constraints of time and space. Agriculture, construction and transport workers still represent the largest proportion of the mobile workforce. Knowledge-intensive job features, however, predict the adoption of working at home. The analysis adds to the literature on flexible working by taking into account both traditional and knowledge-intensive forms of multi-locational work as well as providing a cross-national comparison.
Transformation stellt im Gegensatz zu ,,Change" eine Abkehr von einem reinen Optimieren bestehender Strukturen dar. Vielmehr geht es darum, die Gestaltung inklusiver und nachhaltiger Gemeinschaften ...als Zukunftsprojekte zu denken und zu gestalten. Obwohl Organisationen maßgeblich die Lebensführung von Menschen strukturieren, normieren und damit auch entscheidend auf deren Teilhabechancen einwirken, hat die Inklusionsforschung Fragen der wechselseitigen Beeinflussung von Inklusion und Organisation bislang nur gestreift. Dieser Sammelband eröffnet theoretische Perspektiven auf Fragen der Bearbeitung und Verarbeitung von Inklusion, und gibt Einblick in praktische Beispiele eines ,,Organisationen Anders Machen". Dabei nutzt dieses Buch das Modell der Drei Horizonte, um aufzuzeigen, dass Menschen zur Ausbildung eines Zukünfte-Bewusstseins und damit auch grundsätzlich zu Musterwechseln fähig sind. (DIPF/Orig.)
Purpose
A detailed assessment of the environmental impacts of the building requires a substantial amount of data that is time- and effort-consuming. However, limitation of the system boundary to ...certain materials and components can provide misleading impact calculation. In order to calculate the error gap between detailed and simplified assessments, the purpose of this article is to present a detailed calculation of the environmental impacts of the building by including in the system boundary, the technical, and electrical equipment.
Method
To that end, the environmental impacts of a laboratory and research building situated in Graz-Austria are assessed following the EN-15978 norm. Within the system boundaries of the study, the material and components of building fabric, technical, and electronic equipment for the building lifecycle stages of production, construction, replacement, operational energy and water, and end-of-life are considered. The input data regarding the quantity of materials is collected from the design and tendering documents, invoices, and from discussion with the head of the building’s construction site. Primary energy and global warming potential indicators are calculated on the basis of a functional unit of 1 m
2
of energy reference area (ERA) per year, considering a reference building service life of 50 years.
Results and discussion
The primary energy indicator of the building is equal to 1698 MJ/m
2
ERA
/year. The embodied impacts are found to be responsible for 28% of which 6.4% is due to technical and electronic equipment. Furthermore, the embodied impacts for the global warming potential, equal to 28.3 kg CO
2
e/m
2
ERA
/year, are responsible for 73%. Together, technical and electrical equipment are the largest responsible aspects, accounting for 38% of the total impacts. Simplified and detailed result comparisons show a gap of 29% and 7.7% for global warming and primary energy indicators. These differences were from the embodied impacts and largely from the exclusion of electrical equipment from the study’s system boundary.
Conclusions
Technical and electrical equipment present a significant contribution to the overall environmental impacts of the building. Worthy of inclusion in the system boundary of the study, the environmental impacts of technical and electrical equipment must be calculated in detail or considered with a reliable ratio in the early design phase of the project. Further research is necessary to address the detailed impact calculation of the equipment and notably the minimization of their impacts.
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