Las Epistulae ad Familiares de Cicerón contaron desde su descubrimiento con el interés de muchos humanistas no solo como un inigualable testimonio para conocer la figura de Cicerón, sino también como ...modelo para la elaboración de cartas y como herramienta para la enseñanza del latín en los studia humanitatis. Reflejo de este interés fueron sus numerosas ediciones desde la editio princeps de 1467, que la convierten en una de las obras clásicas más impresas durante el Renacimiento. A pesar de la gran difusión con la que contó, todavía hay ediciones que han pasado inadvertidas a los filólogos. Un ejemplo es la edición parcial de la obra impresa en Barcelona en 1578 por Sansón Arbús, que resulta prácticamente desconocida y que no ha sido recogida por los principales catálogos. Solo el catálogo OPAC ofrece una entrada a la edición y a su único ejemplar conservado, ubicado en la Biblioteca Civica Romolo Spezioli de Fermo (Italia). Tras analizar la repercusión de Fam. en el Renacimiento y su inclusión en los programas de estudio del latín, presentamos la descripción material del ejemplar y de la edición, y buscamos ofrecer una contribución a la forma textual que presenta y a la tradición editorial a la que se adscribe.
Purpose of review
This review aims to cover current MRI techniques for assessing treatment response in brain tumors, with a focus on radio-induced lesions.
Recent findings
Pseudoprogression and ...radionecrosis are common radiological entities after brain tumor irradiation and are difficult to distinguish from real progression, with major consequences on daily patient care. To date, shortcomings of conventional MRI have been largely recognized but morphological sequences are still used in official response assessment criteria. Several complementary advanced techniques have been proposed but none of them have been validated, hampering their clinical use. Among advanced MRI, brain perfusion measures increase diagnostic accuracy, especially when added with spectroscopy and susceptibility-weighted imaging. However, lack of reproducibility, because of several hard-to-control variables, is still a major limitation for their standardization in routine protocols. Amide Proton Transfer is an emerging molecular imaging technique that promises to offer new metrics by indirectly quantifying intracellular mobile proteins and peptide concentration. Preliminary studies suggest that this noncontrast sequence may add key biomarkers in tumor evaluation, especially in posttherapeutic settings.
Summary
Benefits and pitfalls of conventional and advanced imaging on posttreatment assessment are discussed and the potential added value of APT in this clinicoradiological evolving scenario is introduced.
PURPOSE OF REVIEWIncreased life expectancy in brain tumour patients had led to the need for strategies that preserve and improve cognitive functioning, as many patients suffer from cognitive ...deficits. The tumour itself, as well as antitumor treatment including surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, supportive treatment and individual patient factors are associated with cognitive problems. Here, we review the recent literature on approaches that preserve and improve cognitive functioning, including pharmacological agents and rehabilitation programs.
RECENT FINDINGSMinimizing cognitive dysfunction and improving cognitive functioning in brain tumour patients may be achieved both by preserving cognitive functioning during antitumor treatment, including techniques such as awake brain surgery, less invasive radiation therapies such as stereotactic radiotherapy and proton therapy, as well as with interventions including cognitive rehabilitation programmes. Novel rehabilitation programs including computer-based cognitive rehabilitation therapy (CRT) programmes that can be adjusted to the specific patient needs and can be administered at home are promising. Furthermore, personalized/precision medicine approaches to identify patients who are at risk for cognitive decline may facilitate effective treatment strategies in the future.
SUMMARYCognitive functioning has gained greater awareness in the neuro-oncological community, and methods to preserve and improve cognitive functioning have been explored. Rehabilitation programmes for brain tumour patients should be further developed and referred to in clinical practice.
Purpose of review
Glioblastoma (GBM), the most prevalent primary brain malignancy in adults, poses significant challenges in terms of treatment. Current therapeutic strategies for GBM patients ...involve maximal safe resection, followed by radiotherapy with concurrent and adjuvant temozolomide. However, despite this multimodal approach for GBM, the prognosis of GBM patients remains dismal because of their inherent primary and secondary resistances to treatments.
Recent findings
Several molecular and cellular mechanisms, including the presence of the blood–brain barrier (BBB), contribute to these resistances. The BBB, comprising multiple layers surrounding brain vessels, acts as a barrier limiting effective drug delivery to the brain. Invasive and noninvasive tools to deliver drugs and pharmaceutical formulations locally or systemically are continuously evolving to overcome the BBB in GBM toward improving drug bioavailability in the brain and reducing systemic toxicities.
Summary
Preliminary studies utilizing these approaches have demonstrated promising results in terms of safety and signals of efficacy during early-phase clinical trials. However, further work through additional clinical trials is necessary to evaluate the potential clinical benefits for GBM patients.
Management of epilepsy in brain tumor patients van der Meer, Pim B; Taphoorn, Martin J B; Koekkoek, Johan A F
Current opinion in oncology,
11/2022, Volume:
34, Issue:
6
Journal Article
Open access
A concise review of recent findings in brain tumor-related epilepsy (BTRE), with focus on the effect of antitumor treatment on seizure control and the management of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs).
...Isocitrate dehydrogenase mutation and its active metabolite d -2-hydroxyglutarate seem important contributing factors to epileptogenesis in BTRE. A beneficial effect of antitumor treatment (i.e. surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy) on seizure control has mainly been demonstrated in low-grade glioma. AED prophylaxis in seizure-naïve BTRE patients is not recommended, but AED treatment should be initiated after a first seizure has occurred. Comparative efficacy randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are currently lacking, but second-generation AED levetiracetam seems the preferred choice in BTRE. Levetiracetam lacks significant drug-drug interactions, has shown favorable efficacy compared to valproic acid in BTRE, generally causes no hematological or neurocognitive functioning adverse effects, but caution should be exercised with regard to psychiatric adverse effects. Potential add-on AEDs in case of uncontrolled seizures include lacosamide, perampanel, and valproic acid. Ultimately, in the end-of-life phase when oral intake of medication is hampered, benzodiazepines via nonoral administration routes are potential alternatives.
Management of seizures in BTRE is complex and with currently available evidence levetiracetam seems the preferred choice. Comparative efficacy RCTs in BTRE are warranted.
This paper focuses on the authorship of Pieter Crijnse Volmarijn related to the paintings Samson and Delilah and The final meeting between Helen and Menelaus, both of them tradicionally linked to ...Rubens and his school. As far as the first painting is concerned, its influence from Van Dyck and Rubens and also from the classical sculpture is expounded. And as for the second one, its attribution to Rubens, suggested by Van Puyvelde and Bodart, is rejected at the same time that the scene is identified as the reunion between Helen and Menelaus after taking Troy
The aim of the present work is to shed light on the character of Sansón Carrasco, who, in spite of the evidently central role he plays in the 1615 Quijote, has received insufficient scholarly ...attention. As the plot of the Segunda Parte unfolds, Carrasco —Don Quijote’s neighbor and companion— not only becomes the Knight Errant’s main antagonist, but also the one who, disguised as the “Knight of the Mirrors”, beats him down. As I argue in my reading, Carrasco’s personage can be viewed as a key component of the “mirror-like writing” which characterizes the 1615 sequel as a whole, and which brings into play the identity of the book as well as that of its protagonist.
This article reminisces about the life and key scientific achievements of Jan Evangelista Purkinje (1787-1869), a versatile 19th century Czech pioneer of modern experimental physiology. In 1804, ...after completing senior high school, Purkinje joined the Piarist monk order, but, after a 3-yr novitiate, he gave up the religious calling "to deal more freely with science." In 1818, he earned a Medical Doctor degree from Prague University by defending a dissertation on intraocular phenomena observed in oneself. In 1823, Purkinje became a Physiology and Pathology professor at the Prussian Medical University in Breslau, where he innovated the traditional teaching methods of physiology. Purkinje's contributions to physiology were manifold: accurate descriptions of various visual phenomena (e.g., Purkinje-Sanson images, Purkinje phenomenon), discovery of the terminal network of the cardiac conduction system (Purkinje fibers), identification of cerebellar neuronal bodies (Purkinje cells), formulation of the vertigo law (Purkinje's law), discovery of criteria to classify human fingerprints, etc. In 1850, Purkinje accepted and held until his death the Physiology chair at Prague Medical Faculty. During this period, he succeeded in introducing the Czech idiom (in addition to long-established German and Latin) as a Medical Faculty teaching language. Additionally, as a zealous Czech patriot, he actively contributed to the naissance and consolidation of a national Czech identity conscience. Purkinje was a trend-setting scientist who, throughout his career, worked to pave the way for the renovation of physiology from a speculative discipline, ancilla of anatomy, into a factual, autonomous science committed to the discovery of mechanisms governing in-life functions.
The map projections used in Japan at the time of Inoh's map are studied, and the graticule and map projection of his map are examined on the basis of research to date. As many researchers have ...already pointed out, a contradiction exists between the map projection of Inoh's map and the graticule drawn on it. Ohtani (1917) concludes that the graticule on Inoh's map was drawn using the Sanson–Flamsteed projection and Hoyanagi (1974) concurs that this was certainly the projection of Inoh's map. On the other hand, Unno (1985b) disagrees that the Sanson–Flamsteed projection was used, and instead identifies a trapezoidal projection. Ohtani (1917) also introduces the map-making technology of Inoh Tadataka in detail. Using his technology, survey results are expanded on a plane without modification, and no conversion from a spherical surface to a plane is performed. As a result of verifying the graticule on Inoh's map and his map projection, it is highly probably that the graticule on Inoh's map was drawn with a trapezoidal projection, and it is proved that Inoh's map corresponds well to an equidistant secant cylindrical projection. However, the standard parallels of these equidistant secant cylindrical projection maps vary on every map.
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