Статья посвящена неизвестному эпизоду биографии этнографа и журналиста К.М. Рычкова в период его службы на Алтае в 1917-1918 гг. При помощи историко-биографического метода автор впервые ...реконструирует служебную и общественно-политическую деятельность К.М. Рычкова в Алтайской губернии. На основе обширной источниковой базы автор раскрывает роль К.М. Рычкова в административнохозяйственных преобразованиях в Алтайском округе в 1917 — первой половине 1918 г. Являясь представителем Министерства земледелия Временного правительства, а затем ВЦИК, К.М. Рычков вошел в состав ключевых органов хозяйственного управления регионом. В период временного установления советской власти на Алтае К.М. Рычков был членом ревизионной комиссии Алтайского губернского земельного комитета, возглавил отдел по управлению государственными имуществами республики при губернском Совете, стал одним из разработчиков инструкции реорганизации управления Алтайским округом, содействовал отстранению от власти дореволюционного чиновничества. Автор приходит к выводу, что К.М. Рычков внес значительный вклад в процесс реорганизации управления Алтайским округом, повлиял на характер и направление преобразований в хозяйстве региона.
The Moscow Council (1917–1918) Destivelle, O.P., Hyacinthe; Plekon, Michael; Permiakov, Vitaly ...
2015, 2014, 2015-05-30
eBook
By the early twentieth century, a genuine renaissance of religious thought and a desire for ecclesial reform were emerging in the Russian Orthodox Church. With the end of tsarist rule and widespread ...dissatisfaction with government control of all aspects of church life, conditions were ripe for the Moscow Council of 1917-1918 to come into being. The council was a major event in the history of the Orthodox Church. After years of struggle for reform against political and ecclesiastical resistance, the bishops, clergy, monastics, and laity who formed the Moscow Council were able to listen to one other and make sweeping decisions intended to renew the Russian Orthodox Church. Council members sought change in every imaginable area—from seminaries and monasteries, to parishes and schools, to the place of women in church life and governance. Like Vatican II, the Moscow Council emphasized the mission of the church in and to the world. Destivelle's study not only discusses the council and its resolutions but also provides the historical, political, social, and cultural context that preceded the council. In the only comprehensive and probing account of the council, he discusses its procedures and achievements, augmented by substantial appendices of translated conciliar documents. Tragically, due to the Revolution, the council's decisions could not be implemented to the extent its members hoped. Despite current trends in the Russian church away from the Moscow Council's vision, the council's accomplishments remain as models for renewal in the Eastern churches.
The article considers the problems of church life in 1917 covered in the journals of the Military Clergy department. Chaplains were the most educated and progressive part of Russian clergy. ...Therefore, their opinion deserves particular attention. Alongside this, Protopresbyter G. Shavelsky, the head of military clergy, allowed other authors to remark on relevant topics. Among these authors were such outstanding people as Bishop Andrey (Uhtomsky), Saint Priests and martyrs Nikolay (Dobronravov) and John Artbolevsky, philosopher B. Zenkovsky and others. The authors of the journal analysed the reasons of decline of the church’ influence on people and offered the ways of solving the arisen problems. The special attention was paid to Moscow Council and the issue of restoring the Patriarchate institution.
After the February Revolution, the Russian Orthodox Church sought to reconstitute itself to allow broader participation of its clergy and laity in order to fulfill the aspirations of a Church reform ...movement that had begun around 1900. At the same time, the Church sought to avoid losing its traditional institutional authority in the eyes of believers. To accomplish this, broader participation had to be grounded in sobornost’ – a church ethos of traditional Orthodox catholicity or conciliarism – while avoiding political, secular, and revolutionary influences. Drawing on many church voices from 1917–1918, this paper sketches the efforts and ultimate success that the Russian Church achieved in reestablishing sobornost’ as its organizational and spiritual foundation. Specifically, it reveals how a revitalized diocesan church press, freed from pre-revolutionary censorship, expressed the widespread hopes that a conciliar church could be established through active participation of the clergy and laity, and ultimately through the convening of the long-anticipated All-Russian Church Council. Revolution in the church threatened the authority of the Holy Synod and the Preconciliar Committee that planned the Church Council. However, a significant yet relatively unknown episode – the August 1917 elections to the Council’s Presidium – as well as the writings of Sobor members themselves demonstrate how the Council succeeded in institutionalizing sobornost’ at the Council. Although this quality of sobornost’ expressed “unity in multiplicity,” it was neither quantitative nor geographical, and did not reflect class, estate, or political distinctions. Instead, it expressed a wholeness and communion of ideas that still allowed for vigorous debate.
What are the most important variables explaining the 4 January 1918 decision by the French Government to recognise Finland’s independence? This short contribution to the Special Issue aims at giving ...a broad overview of developments explaining this decision. It will first of all introduce general notions concerning France’s relation with “nationalities” during the First World War. It will more specifically describe the geopolitical environment of the winter 1917–1918, when France looked for ways to react to the crumbling of its Russian ally against Germany. It will also emphasise the way domestic developments and the long-term action of Finnish national networks helped in shaping up this decision. Finally, based on this example, it will consider various ways for small states to try and influence their international environment.
The political conflict that arose in 1917 between emigrant circles of Polish liberals and national democrats regarding the separation of the Polish Corps from the Russian Army, remains relatively ...obscure in European historiography. Studies on this topic, mostly published in the 20th century, primarily relied on sources from archives in Warsaw, Cracow, and Moscow. It has been shown that Polish liberal democrats operating in Russia, opposing plans to segregate their compatriots into distinct corps within the Russian Army, received support from the occupying Central Powers and the Temporary Council of State established there. Conversely, their political rivals were backed by the Entente, which supported the actions of the national democrats in favor of the separation of the Polish Corps. This topic underscores the need for in-depth research into this intricate matter. Besides confirming existing findings, it is imperative to scrutinize previously untapped sources to gain a more profound understanding of the origins, progression, and repercussions of this political conflict. To achieve this, consulting Austro-Hungarian and Western European sources, as well as overlooked Polish and Russian ones, is essential. To be able to do so, official documentation, egodocuments, and contemporary press articles were used. In this instance, critical source analysis emerges as the optimal approach for the research process, complemented by historical-comparative analysis, particularly for older literature on the subject. The conclusions drawn in this article do not only address gaps in previous knowledge but also offer a launching pad for comprehensive comparative studies on the military policies of other Polish political groups during the Great War.
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