The increasing complexity of infrastructures and densely built-up areas requires a proper registration of the legal status (private and public), which can only be provided to a limited extent by the ...existing 2D cadastral registrations. The registration of the legal status in complex 3D situations is investigated under the header of 3D Cadastres. This publication, containing 13 selected contributions on 3D Cadastre, addresses the following areas: 1. 3D Cadastre operational experiences (analysis, LADM based, learning from each other, discovering gaps), 2. 3D Cadastre cost-effective workflow for new/updated 3D parcels = 4D (part of whole chain: From planning/design/permit in 3D, to registration/use in 3D), 3. 3D Cadastre web-based dissemination (usability, man–machine interfaces, including mobile/AR), 4. legal aspects for 3D Cadastre, best legal practices in various legislation systems, focus on large cities, including developing countries, 5. 3D data management, and 6. visualization, distribution, and delivery of 3D parcels.
This open access book aims to provide an overview of state-of-the-art approaches to 3D documentation from a practical perspective and formulate the most important areas for future developments. ...Bringing together a wide range of case studies, examples of best practice approaches, workflows, and first attempts to establish sustainable solutions to pressing problems, this book offers readers current practical advice on how to approach 3D archaeology and cultural heritage. Divided into five parts, this book begins with an overview of 3D archaeology in its present state. It goes on to give insights into the development of the technology and recent cutting-edge applications. The next section identifies current challenges in 3D archaeology and then presents approaches and solutions for data management of a large number of 3D objects and ways to ensure sustainable solutions for the archiving of the produced data. This book will be of interest to researchers working in the fields of archaeology, heritage management, and digital humanities in general.
With the development of high-precision geological observation technology, in situ mineral microanalysis technology, isotope geochemical analysis technology, deep geophysical exploration technology, ...deep drilling, real-time mining, remote sensing highresolution hyperspectral image technology, and supercomputer and industrial intelligence, geoscience has entered an era of big data and artificial intelligence in the 21st century. Three-dimensional/four-dimensional (3D/4D) geoscience modeling with the multi-disciplinary intersection of geosciences has been used as the basis for mineral exploration and the extraction of geosciences information for mineral resource assessment.
3D printing has revolutionized the microfabrication prototyping workflow over the past few years. With the recent improvements in 3D printing technologies, highly complex microfluidic devices can be ...fabricated via single-step, rapid, and cost-effective protocols as a promising alternative to the time consuming, costly and sophisticated traditional cleanroom fabrication. Microfluidic devices have enabled a wide range of biochemical and clinical applications, such as cancer screening, micro-physiological system engineering, high-throughput drug testing, and point-of-care diagnostics. Using 3D printing fabrication technologies, alteration of the design features is significantly easier than traditional fabrication, enabling agile iterative design and facilitating rapid prototyping. This can make microfluidic technology more accessible to researchers in various fields and accelerates innovation in the field of microfluidics. Accordingly, this Special Issue seeks to showcase research papers, short communications, and review articles that focus on novel methodological developments in 3D printing and its use for various biochemical and biomedical applications.
3D reconstruction is a longstanding ill-posed problem, which has been explored for decades by the computer vision, computer graphics, and machine learning communities. Since 2015, image-based 3D ...reconstruction using convolutional neural networks (CNN) has attracted increasing interest and demonstrated an impressive performance. Given this new era of rapid evolution, this article provides a comprehensive survey of the recent developments in this field. We focus on the works which use deep learning techniques to estimate the 3D shape of generic objects either from a single or multiple RGB images. We organize the literature based on the shape representations, the network architectures, and the training mechanisms they use. While this survey is intended for methods which reconstruct generic objects, we also review some of the recent works which focus on specific object classes such as human body shapes and faces. We provide an analysis and comparison of the performance of some key papers, summarize some of the open problems in this field, and discuss promising directions for future research.
This reprint focuses on fundamental and applied research involving the combination of biomaterials and cancer cells to develop a three-dimensional (3D) tumor microenvironment in vitro, in which ...carcinogenesis mechanisms can be studied and therapies can be screened. Such models are becoming quite popular within the bioengineering community; thus, many technologies are being tested to obtain the best scaffold for each tumor. In any case, only a tight interaction of bioengineers with cancer biologists and oncologists can make such 3D models progress, with them finally reaching a clinical relevance. On the other hand, the medical community is approaching simpler 3D in vitro models not provided with sufficient extracellular matrix biomimicry, such as spheroids and organoids, which may not be self-exhaustive; therefore, cancer researchers could benefit from closer contact with bioengineers. The aim of this reprint is to help generate shared knowledge and promote strong interdisciplinary collaboration with the ultimate goal of contributing to the acceleration of the discovery and validation of more precise therapies to fight cancer.
This reprint focuses on fundamental and applied research involving the combination of biomaterials and cancer cells to develop a three-dimensional (3D) tumor microenvironment in vitro, in which ...carcinogenesis mechanisms can be studied and therapies can be screened. Such models are becoming quite popular within the bioengineering community; thus, many technologies are being tested to obtain the best scaffold for each tumor. In any case, only a tight interaction of bioengineers with cancer biologists and oncologists can make such 3D models progress, with them finally reaching a clinical relevance. On the other hand, the medical community is approaching simpler 3D in vitro models not provided with sufficient extracellular matrix biomimicry, such as spheroids and organoids, which may not be self-exhaustive; therefore, cancer researchers could benefit from closer contact with bioengineers. The aim of this reprint is to help generate shared knowledge and promote strong interdisciplinary collaboration with the ultimate goal of contributing to the acceleration of the discovery and validation of more precise therapies to fight cancer.
The High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) standard has recently been extended to support efficient representation of multiview video and depth-based 3D video formats. The multiview extension, MV-HEVC, ...allows efficient coding of multiple camera views and associated auxiliary pictures, and can be implemented by reusing single-layer decoders without changing the block-level processing modules since block-level syntax and decoding processes remain unchanged. Bit rate savings compared with HEVC simulcast are achieved by enabling the use of inter-view references in motion-compensated prediction. The more advanced 3D video extension, 3D-HEVC, targets a coded representation consisting of multiple views and associated depth maps, as required for generating additional intermediate views in advanced 3D displays. Additional bit rate reduction compared with MV-HEVC is achieved by specifying new block-level video coding tools, which explicitly exploit statistical dependencies between video texture and depth and specifically adapt to the properties of depth maps. The technical concepts and features of both extensions are presented in this paper.
•3D printing is a growing field with a broad range of clinical applications.•Quality of application via 3D printing is reliant on workflow optimization.•Benchmarks for 3D printing application have ...been outlined nationally.
Three-dimensional (3D) printing has applications in many fields and has gained substantial traction in medicine as a modality to transform two-dimensional scans into three-dimensional renderings. Patient-specific 3D printed models have direct patient care uses in surgical and procedural specialties, allowing for increased precision and accuracy in developing treatment plans and guiding surgeries. Medical applications include surgical planning, surgical guides, patient and trainee education, and implant fabrication. 3D printing workflow for a laboratory or clinical service that produces anatomic models and guides includes optimizing imaging acquisition and post-processing, segmenting the imaging, and printing the model. Quality assurance considerations include supervising medical imaging expert radiologists' guidance and self-implementing in-house quality control programs. The purpose of this review is to provide a workflow and guide for starting or optimizing laboratories and clinical services that 3D-print anatomic models or guides for clinical use.
In the literature, several 3D face datasets have been collected, aiming at advancing the field of 3D face analysis from different perspectives. Data collection generally follows specific research ...needs, and the existing 3D face datasets all have different characteristics that are tailored for investigating different tasks, encompassing face recognition, facial expressions and emotions analysis, 3D face reconstruction. However, the majority of these datasets are either collected with high-resolution scanners, or consumer level devices, such as the Kinect, the latter being motivated by the burdensome and costly process of collecting high-quality scans. Differently from 2D imagery, the difference in resolution in 3D data represents a non negligible problem that is under-investigated, and still prevents the successful development of methods that can work in real scenarios. In this paper, we propose a new 3D face dataset, named “Florence Multi-Resolution 3D Facial Expression” (Florence 3DMRE), which aims at bridging the gap between high- and low-resolution 3D face datasets. Its peculiarity consists in (1) including high-resolution (HR) models obtained with a HR scanner, and paired samples collected with a Kinect sensor, (2) LR and HR scans are synchronized and capture extreme and asymmetric facial deformations as used in facial rehabilitation exercises. In total, our dataset consists of 14 subjects, each performing 19 complex and asymmetric expressions. For each of them, we collected a high-resolution scan, and an RGB-D sequence. Finally, to highlight the value of the dataset and the challenges it introduces, we use the collected data to perform baseline experiments for cross-resolution 3D face recognition and reconstruction. The dataset is released for research purposes only, and complies to GDPR for data treatment. The dataset can be found at this link.
•A new 3D face dataset including synchronized pairs of high and low resolution meshes.•Asymmetric and natural facial expressions for face rehabilitation exercises.•Experimental results highlighting the open challenge of cross-resolution 3D face recognition and reconstruction.
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